"Two orioles sing green willows, and egrets cover the sky."
My window framed the snow-covered western hills. My door often says "goodbye" to ships sailing eastward.
translate
Two orioles sang among the green willows, and a line of egrets went straight into the blue sky. Sitting by the window, you can see the Millennium snow in Xiling, and ships from Dongwu, thousands of miles away, are parked in front of the door.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, is called "Du Gongbu" and "Du Shaoling" in the world. Born in Fugong County, Henan Province (now gongyi city, Henan Province), he was a great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu is regarded as a "poet saint" by the world, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li" together. In order to distinguish them from the other two poets Li Shangyin and Du Mu, that is, "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. About 65,438+0,400 of his poems have been preserved, and his poetic skills are exquisite, and he is highly respected in Chinese classical poetry and has far-reaching influence. He lived in Chengdu from 759 to 766 and was commemorated by Du Fu's Caotang.
Creation background
This poem "Jueju" was written when the poet lived in Huanhuaxi Caotang, Chengdu, and described the beautiful spring scenery around the Caotang.
? In 755 AD, the "An Shi Rebellion" broke out, and Du Fu once fled to Zizhou. In 763 AD, the "An Shi Rebellion" ended. In the second year after the end, Du Fu also returned to Chengdu Caotang. At that time, he was in a good mood Faced with the vitality of this school, he couldn't help writing this poem.
Appreciate and refine
This poem is only four sentences, as clear as words. But for thousands of years, it has become popular, reflecting Du Fu's superb artistic skills. To sum up, the artistic features of this poem are: 1. The method of objective lyricism. In the four poems, the author only objectively and truly described what he saw and heard, but did not express his subjective feelings with one word. But I hide my thoughts and repeat the taste, but I can obviously feel the lightness and joy of the author. In fact, this part uses the method of "empathy", that is, the author looks at foreign things with strong emotions, people project their subjective feelings on foreign things, and then express their feelings gracefully through objective description. This lyrical way is graceful, heavy and profound, and has more touching artistic power than straightforward subjective lyricism. Lao Du's poems are good at this. The second is the scene superposition method. Just four short poems, like four paintings and close-ups of four movies, are full of poetry, which can only be presented when the four paintings are put together. In this technique, the author omits a series of words (indicating the relationship between things) between things and between pictures in each painting, and readers need to make imaginative supplements to complete the meaning of the work. Similar techniques have been used by poets and writers throughout the ages, such as: "the spring mountain is warm and the wind is warm, the pavilions and curtains are dry, and the willows shake in the courtyard." Birds are singing and dancing, and bridges are flying red. " (Bai Pu's "Tian Jing Sha Chun") Its technique is similar to this poem. The third is multi-angle comparison. Comparison of (1) quantifiers. The contrast of quantifiers such as "Er", "Yi Xian", "Qian Qiu" and "Wan Li" in the poem not only increases the tension of the poem, but also adds interest. (2) color contrast. The contrast of colors such as yellow, green, white, snow and boat gives people a sense of vitality and picture. (3) comparison of time and space. From the poet's observation point of view, the first sentence is what he heard and saw at close range, the second sentence is what he saw when he looked up, the third sentence is what he saw at a distance, and the fourth sentence is what he saw at close range. "Qian Qiu" and "Wan Li" are intertwined in time and space, giving people a distant and vast feeling, which is also a common antithesis in Du Fu's poems. In addition, although this poem mainly describes the immediate scene, it also gives full play to the imagination. For example, "an autumn snow" and "Wan Li boat" are all empty words, so the combination of reality and fiction increases the capacity and depth of the poem.
From 100 Chengdu's most beautiful ancient poems
There are rules for writing poetry.
When it comes to ancient poetry, we have to mention "quatrains". There is a saying that quatrains originated from the short chapters of Yuefu in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. At that time, literati often got together to drink, write poems and play word games. The rules of the game are as follows: finalize a topic, and everyone here will say four sentences, each with five words, and finally connect them into a poem. Each artificial four sentences can also be written separately. Later, quatrains gradually became a poetic style.
At first, quatrains were mostly five-character quatrains, that is, "five-character quatrains". It was not until the Tang Dynasty that mature seven-character quatrains appeared. In fact, there are also six-character quatrains, but they are relatively few. The development of quatrains is thanks to musicians, because they often use these poems as lyrics and sing them in small songs all over the country. Poets have also become "popular". China's classical poems pay attention to flatness, and "flatness" refers to straightness and "flatness" refers to twists and turns, all of which are aimed at the tone of words. China ancient Chinese is generally divided into four tones: even tone, rising tone, falling tone and entering tone. Except for the level tone, all the others are called parallel tone. Rusheng has disappeared in Putonghua now, and some ancient Shangsheng words have been pronounced as voiced today, and the ancient and modern tones have changed greatly. Therefore, the tone of Putonghua can not directly judge the level and level of ancient poetry.
Ancient poetry is not easy to write, because most of them have a fixed meter, which means that basically every word of these poems should follow the prescribed tone and every sentence should rhyme. Do you feel like singing when reading quatrains?