The first song begins with the sentence "I have heard of Nanmu in the past", describing the labor process, depicting the beautiful scenery of nature, remembering the ancient sages and praising their lofty virtues. He had heard of Nanmu for a long time, but he only hated that he didn't come as soon as possible to spend the days of bending over to plow. Here he mentioned Yan Hui in The Analects of Confucius. Tao Yuanming is not afraid of poverty. This is exactly what he used to resist worldly poverty and happiness. He likes a self-sufficient agricultural life. He walked all the way out of the fresh dawn of the village, set up his horses and chariots, and worked in the fields. His chest is full of natural feelings. Birds sing tactfully, and the fragrance of flowers and plants diffuses in the wind. It is cool, kind and never cold. The snow in the field faded like a flood, and weeds covered countless paths in the earth after winter. This remote and inaccessible place is amazing. He can find freedom here. Do not need prosperous, brilliant, warm things, and any redundant people. He even thinks that this is ridiculous for human beings who are eager to become famous. He understands Diao Weng's seclusion choice. Tao Yuanming believes that the truth of seclusion should be ashamed of common sense of life. To hide or not to hide has always been a question. The common sense of this world is, don't hide, want to join the WTO, want to be famous, and want to get ahead. Tao Yuanming doesn't want to retire yet, not yet, but his regret is only temporary anxiety. He will eventually go home with a clear conscience.
However, the author is still not finished, and with the hard-won practice of "worrying about Tao but not poverty" inherited from the Second Division, he describes the joy of working in the field, associates with the behavior of ancient hermits who live long and are obsessed with drowning, but is deeply worried about the scarcity of Taoist people, and finally ends with "talking about being a human being". Tao Yuanming has always regarded Confucius as a teacher. Confucius once said, "Worry about Tao but not poverty", and he kept it in mind. But he prefers this kind of farming life, because he has no interest in farming. Tao Yuanming wants to be a hermit like Chang Ju and Jie Drowning. His heart is struggling and anxious. He wants to do something, but the world keeps him away. He was disappointed, and gradually gave birth to a rebellious heart, willing to "Long song cover Chai Men, say people". This will be the destination of his life.
These two poems are like the upper and lower films of a long tune, with closely related contents, repeated performances, ups and downs and profound implications. But the whole poem is harmonious, plain and natural, which is really natural. It's like a poet standing in front of readers, opening his heart, neither thinking nor choosing words, but expressing his actions, feelings and thoughts without reservation. This poem was not written or sung, but flowed from the poet's heart. In one of his essays, Amin poet Xu said: "The poetry of the realm is natural and meaningful, which is similar to Mencius." It is said that Meng Ziquan has no intention to be a text, and he can't; Say Mencius as a text, so that there is no trace, which shows the sages! It's especially easy to get to know Sister Jing. "In addition, he said," The realm poem is written directly and naturally. " The third said: "Poetry that can't reach the realm has first-rate people who write their own thoughts directly and don't care about carving, so the words are full of gas;" There is a first-class insight that is shrewd and thorough, so its language is concise and meaningful. All these show the unique style and high artistic achievements of Tao's poems.
Diluting nature is a literary style and a special literary realm. In this state, I am integrated with things, completely forgetting myself, even without me; God is connected with the scene, God walks among things, and God moves with the scene. The extreme of this state is remoteness and tranquility, which is a school of nature. As a result, Tao Yuanming's "Birds _ Happy New Year Festival, Lingfeng sends more kindness" and "Make a far-reaching wind in a flat environment, and a good seedling is also pregnant with new ideas" has become a swan song throughout the ages. It is an artistic dialectics that carving is better than not carving. But there is indeed a poet's hard artistic work, which is an artistic pursuit process of abandoning sculpture and returning to simplicity. Without some solid hard work, it is difficult to reach this artistic creation realm.
This group of poems describes the beauty of the field and the joy of personal cultivation, and also expresses the author's nostalgia. What he admired and praised was Yan Hui, who was poor and eager to learn, and Confucius, who lived and worked in peace and contentment, especially He Weng, a hermit who admired "coupled farming" in ancient times. Although, the author also shows that Yan Hui and Confucius can't copy, they focus on learning and Weng, Chang Ju and Jie Yu. It seems that they are willing to live in seclusion in the country. However, between the lines still reveals the concern for the world and the yearning for a peaceful and prosperous world. If we pay more attention to the writing age of this poem, the contradiction of this thought will be more clear. Two years after writing these two poems, the author has been Peng for more than 80 days. It was at this time that he finally lost confidence in the dark and dirty society and expressed his final rejection. Full of resentment, he "resigned" and retired to the countryside. This is a Tao Yuanming-style struggle. If we don't deeply realize this, criticizing his seclusion life too much will not only easily deny more than half of Tao Yuanming, but also be tantamount to Wan Li.
Some people think that Tao Yuanming's "Two Poems of Tian She Guimao Spring" perfectly shows a kind of "extremely light and moderate" life realm. In other words, borrowing from Mr. Feng Youlan's "Four Realms" theory of life, we can think that "Tian She's Two Poems of Gui Mao Chun" represent Tao Yuanming's transcendence of nature, utility and even moral realm while standing in the realm of heaven and earth. This is the ideological resource of courage and wisdom necessary for Tao Yuanming to choose to return to his hometown to live a life of farming and reading, and it is also the fundamental reason for Tao Yuanming's extraordinary poetry.