Ancient poems and famous sentences that can be widely circulated from ancient times to the present are all cultural examples that have been honed, stood the test and accepted by people through the long river of history. The reason why it is enduring is not only because of its concise language and beautiful phonology, but also because it is worth learning from in terms of material selection, writing and skills. From the content and materials, it can be divided into narrative, scenery description, lyricism, ambition and reason ... from the writing methods and skills, it can be divided into metaphor, emotional expression, exaggeration and realism ... It has its own characteristics and is not the same. In a sense, a poem is an outline of an article. Therefore, the systematic training of ancient poetry and famous sentences is to contact and accumulate all kinds of writing materials and learn to master all kinds of writing methods and skills. The improvement of students' writing ability can be seen.
First, read famous poems and sentences and accumulate materials.
Lack of nutrition, dryness and nothingness are common problems of most modern students. The reason is that students lack accumulation. You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear. How can a student write beautiful articles without ink in his stomach?
As the quintessence of ancient literature —— Famous ancient poems and sentences. Language has not only experienced many storms, but also has gorgeous rhetoric and rich content, such as writing scenery, taking notes, reasoning and so on. It is the best material for students' language accumulation. With rich accumulation, there will be something to say and feelings to express. As the saying goes, accumulation can make you rich. So I take advantage of the position where students collect honey books, and ask students to copy ten famous ancient poems and sentences every day for students to read and recite. After a period of time, students have accumulated many famous sentences, laying a good foundation for practice.
Second, communicate poetry and prose and practice writing.
Students have accumulated, and if they can't express and use it, it is equal to a blank sheet of paper, which has no meaning. How to let students learn to express themselves? First of all, let the students understand the meaning of the famous ancient poems they read. In order to make students better understand the contents of famous ancient poems and sentences, teachers should expand the relevant contents of famous ancient poems and sentences, such as the author, writing background, the poet's mood at that time, allusions about famous ancient poems and sentences and so on. After students deeply understand its meaning, they can carry out multi-angle training.
1, training around the paragraphs of famous sentences
Images in famous poems and sentences are vivid, but there are few descriptions of images, and there are still many gaps, including images and emotions. This provides rich writing materials for students' practice. Teachers can use this as an organic supplement to students' compositions and practice writing selectively. When practicing writing, in order to make students understand poetry more deeply, teachers can provide students with rich information about famous sentences. After students understand the connotation of poetry, let them practice, expand, rewrite and write their thoughts on a poem from various angles, so as to give students the freedom to exert their imagination. To some extent, it solves the problem of what students write. In addition, it is necessary for students to expand the famous sentences of ancient poetry, which also reduces the difficulty of writing and avoids the phenomenon that students' sentences are not fluent. After long-term training, students will fly their imagination, be full of interest, enter the realm of poetry, feel their feelings and write beautiful articles.
2. Give the students a paragraph and let them sum it up with a famous ancient poem that they have accumulated.
The coverage of students' exercises is getting wider and wider. It is difficult to adapt to the practice of other genres if we only stay on the basis of expanding the famous sentences of ancient poems. To improve students' writing level and Chinese literacy, students should not only accumulate a large number of good words and sentences, but also learn to use them on the basis of understanding. Let the students sum up a period of training with the ancient poems they have learned, so that the students can understand how to use them. Summarizing a passage from real life is actually telling students that we can use this famous saying under such circumstances. Over time, when students describe a picture, they will naturally think of this ancient poem sentence, avoiding lengthy and tedious narration and making students' exercises clear and concise.
Third, infiltration method, guiding composition
Famous sentences in ancient poetry can be widely circulated, not only because of gorgeous and concise rhetoric and distinctive ideas, but also because of the author's superb writing methods and skills, which directly affect the charm of ancient poetry and the development direction of China literature. How to teach composition under the new curriculum, how to teach composition for the sake of teaching composition, how to let students "express freely" and how to let students express freely. Writing methods and skills are indispensable. Every famous sentence in classical ancient poetry has its own unique expression. A sentence is the unit of an article. It is of positive significance for students to carefully ponder the writing rules and skills of famous ancient poems and sentences and apply them to their own compositions. For example:
1, support things and express your heart
"Once you climb to the top of the mountain and peek, you will see that other mountains look short under the sky ..." This poem comes from "Looking at Yue" written by Du Fu when he was about twenty-five years old. At that time, he was broad-minded and broad-minded. Being at the foot of Yuelu Mountain and climbing to the top of Yuelu Mountain, his writing style is even more powerful. Although there is no "peak", the true colors of Mount Tai have fallen into the eye. It expresses the poet's ambition to climb upward without fear of difficulties, and shows his indomitable character and lofty political ambition. Through learning, students can understand that they can express their aspirations and ambitions under the guise of things, which is very helpful to solve the disadvantages of students' straightforward composition and lack of implicit beauty.
Step 2 write about scenery
"At sunrise, the flowers in the river are red, and in spring, the river is as green as blue." This sentence vividly interprets the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, highlights the bright colors of the river flowers and red and green rivers, and gives people a dazzling impression. Among them, there are contrasts between the same color and different colors, which fully shows the author's good coloring skills. It can be seen that the article describing the scenery should grasp the characteristics of things, choose appropriately, and grasp the bright colors, which can be compared or contrasted, thus setting off the beauty of the scenery.
3, borrow scenery lyric
Students are often told that environmental description is a portrayal of mood, and emotions can be expressed with the help of scenery. But the students' own operation means that feelings return to feelings and things return to things. However, there are many famous sentences in ancient poetry, such as "I miss heaven and earth, and there is no limit, and I am lonely and tearful." This is a sentence from Chen Ziang's Youzhou Tower in the Tang Dynasty.
Generally speaking, Chen Ziang lived in the era of Wu Zetian, which was full of vigor and vitality, but it was never a lie that there were no sages left in the wild. When Chen Ziang fled for his life to join the army for the second time, he disagreed with Wu Wang, the main commander of Jian 'an, and his enthusiasm and talent only brought him endless depression and loneliness. It is in this context that Chen Ziang boarded the Youzhou platform of "a few ancient people" with mixed feelings, thus singing the above-mentioned eternal swan song.
4. Narrative reasoning
"I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain" is a famous sentence inscribed by Su Shi on the wall of sairinji, which is the experience of reasoning on the spot and talking about traveling in the mountains. Why can't you identify the true face of Lushan Mountain? Because I am in the middle of Lushan Mountain, my vision is limited by the peaks of Lushan Mountain, and I only see one peak, one ridge, one hill and one valley of Lushan Mountain, which is one-sided and inevitably one-sided. This is what you see when you visit the mountains, and it is often the same when you observe things in the world. It inspires us to understand a philosophy of dealing with people-because people are in different positions and have different starting points, their understanding of objective things is inevitably one-sided; In order to know the truth and the whole picture of things, we must go beyond the narrow scope and get rid of subjective prejudice in order to write a vivid and diverse Lushan landscape.
5. Contrast and contrast
From Lu Yanrang's "Bitterness" in the Tang Dynasty, "Yin 'an is a word that breaks several stems." It means that it takes a long time to choose words when writing poetry, and even a few beards have to be broken. This shows the pain of writing poems and sentences. The word "one word" is in sharp contrast with several words, which embodies the poet's creative spirit of Excellence.
Step 6 set up doubts as a souvenir
"Excuse me, where is the restaurant? The shepherd boy refers to Xinghua Village. " Created a vivid picture, the former was restrained, the latter was promoted, and the contrast was staggered, which set each other off. Ask the first sentence and answer the second. In writing, students can be guided to set suspense, arouse readers' interest in reading, and then answer their own questions naturally through the following narration, so that readers can suddenly realize.
In addition, there are many writing methods implied in ancient poems and famous sentences. There is no need to list them one by one. Summarize the writing method from one sentence, one sentence, and the corresponding training. Turn boring writing method training into intuitive examples and methods, which is convenient for students to imitate practice. Because of the inherent writing style and language characteristics of ancient poetry, students can avoid the eight-part essay produced by imitation.
Fourth, with the introduction of the article, naturally.
Let students read famous poems and sentences, so as to accumulate beautiful language, improve the literary talent of the article, have something to write and beautiful content to express. The infiltration of teaching methods enables students to learn to express their contents regularly and skillfully. However, the quality of students' study ultimately depends on their homework. How to make students really learn to write a composition by using famous ancient poems and sentences and improve their writing level? Teachers can design special composition classes and conduct training. For example, write an article about cherishing time. Ask students to collect ancient poems and famous sentences about cherishing time. And project it to students:
"Flowers will never bloom again, and people will never be young."
"Young people don't work hard, but the elderly are sad."
"A year's plan lies in spring, and a lifetime's plan lies in diligence."
"Industry is good at diligence, waste in play, become thinking, and waste in action."
"Black hair doesn't know how to study hard early, and Bai Shoufang regrets studying late."
Let the students talk about their understanding of these famous ancient poems. Talk about the understanding of a famous saying with examples in life. Discuss what happens in life. Then ask the students to write down the examples in life and use the famous sentences that cherish time appropriately. It can be the beginning, the end, the summary or the narrative in the text.
Every student's life experience of cherishing time is different, which not only ensures that students have something to write, but also provides them with many famous ancient poems and sentences so that they have the right to choose and avoid writing exactly the same. On the basis of understanding, combined with life cases, supplemented by oral communication and paving methods, students learned to bring an introduction article, and the article naturally came naturally.
In the cultural history of China and even the world, China's ancient poems shine brilliantly. Every ancient poem contains the literati's deep feelings for hometown, friendship, landscape and country. "The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is it frosty already?" Expressed the poet's yearning for his hometown; "Friends of Hainei Village, Heaven is still our neighbor" conveys the poet's sincere wishes to his friends. "The creator has endowed all the mysterious nature here with elegance. What else? The day immediately enters dawn and dusk. " It shows the poet's love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland; "Sleeping at night and listening to the wind and rain, the iron horse falls asleep" shows the poet's heart of protecting the country and defending the country ... From primary school to middle school, we have always been accompanied by ancient poems. Please write a composition on the topic of "Ancient Poetry".
Topic focus
This is a flexible topic composition. The core of the material should take "ancient poetry" as the category, focusing on the perception and understanding of ancient poetry. Ancient poetry is an indispensable part of China culture. Without ancient poetry, China culture would lose its luster. The whole material tells us that ancient poetry is a dazzling flower in the Chinese cultural garden. We should think about the lessons and enlightenment gained from studying ancient poetry and express our true feelings.
Think for a moment.
This topic is close to our real life. We have learned dozens of poems from primary school to middle school. Moreover, the examination of ancient poetry also occupies a considerable proportion in the senior high school entrance examination papers. Some students take learning ancient poetry as their interest: they love learning, enjoy learning and want to learn; There are still some students who don't like to learn ancient poetry. They have a headache when they see ancient poems. Although the teacher forced them to learn, they could never recite it. It should be a successful work to show the real situation in this study and life. In addition, every ancient poem has its profound meaning, and there is always a poem that left a deep impression in your heart. It should also be appropriate to write your understanding and feelings about this poem in different forms.
Wonderful idea platform
● Random editing: develop rich content in the form of prose and poetic language to show your profound poetic accumulation. For example, in the article, I talked about my love for ancient poetry and the performance of obsession. You can also extract classic sentences from ancient poems to express unique and profound feelings.
● Dropping water hides the sea: write from real life. There are many good sentences in ancient poetry that will give people profound enlightenment. For example, "Teenagers don't work hard, but the oldest ones are sad", "Eat, drink, and wait for no one" and "Don't idle away, leaving a teenager with a blank head, which is very sad", all inspire people to cherish time and study hard. In our life, there are many examples of regrets when we grow up, because we didn't study hard when we were young. If these famous sentences are combined with life examples, they are excellent works with unique ideas. A neighbor's brother, who doesn't like reading, comes back from work covered in dust every day. Whenever he sees us coming back from school, he always throws envious eyes. ...
● Parallelism display: in the form of parallelism paragraphs, at least three parallelism paragraphs are used to reveal the characteristics of poetry and the contents worthy of in-depth study and grasp by middle school students. Such as: concise and profound artistic conception ... We should choose appropriate poems to match these characteristics.
● Diary talk: write a diary and talk about your unique feelings about ancient poetry. Such as: better understanding of China's ancient customs and culture, customs and historical allusions. Show your personal practice of learning ancient poems: collecting poems, seasons, landscapes, family ties, friendship, aspirations and so on.
● Magic expansion: adopt the way of traveling through time and space, break through the time and space restrictions, and interview famous ancient poets. For example, when I fell asleep reciting ancient poems, I dreamed that I met the poet Li Bai and the poet Du Fu and had a heated discussion with them. ...
● Narrative by letter: In the form of letters, tell teachers and students how they feel about learning ancient poems, and ask about the learning methods.
● Fable deduction: Take "ancient poetry" as the leading role, let it speak, let it tell the history of its own development, let it tell people the living conditions of famous poets in ancient China, and let it tell middle school students the significance and role of learning ancient poetry today. You can also let "Ancient Poetry" visit the people, understand their understanding of ancient poetry, and call on the people to learn ancient poetry and pay attention to ancient Chinese.