Key words: Chang 'an Music and Dance >>& gt The art of music and dance in Tang Dynasty is a masterpiece of music and dance in Zhou, Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and later dynasties, and also widely absorbs the outstanding achievements of music and dance in western countries and other regions and ethnic groups. With the personal advocacy and participation of the rulers, it developed and broke through the previous generation and became the heyday of the development of ancient music and dance art in China. As the national political and cultural center, Chang 'an City has incomparable advantages in the development of music and dance art in other regions, thus becoming the most prosperous place in China and even the world at that time. & gt Music and dance are the most common entertainment activities in Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty, including not only court performances and foreign envoys, but also weddings, funerals, banquets, flower viewing in the garden, playing ball games and boating. It can be seen that music and dance at that time had become an important part of the cultural life of Chang 'an residents in the Tang Dynasty, which was inseparable from the lives of people from all walks of life. & gt Chang 'an music and dance in Tang Dynasty can be divided into court music and dance and folk music and dance according to different service objects and performance places. Palace music and dance are mainly played in the court for the royal family, government officials and foreign envoys, and occasionally moved outside the palace to share with the public. Folk music and dance are mainly popular in rural areas and suburbs, and perform for the masses in urban and rural areas. & gt& gt I. Palace Music and Dance > Palace Music and Dance not only reflects the development track of ancient music and dance in China, but also represents the overall level of ancient music and dance in China, which is the epitome of politics, economy, culture and humanistic spirit in ancient China. Therefore, the court music and dance is a basis, and it is a strong evidence for future generations to understand the life and activities of the ancient ruling class in China, the artistic image and artistic trend of thought in various historical stages. & gt The study of court music and dance in the Tang Dynasty is an important exploration object, because it represents the highest level of the development of court music and dance in the Tang Dynasty and is a modern person in the history of China. China, with its tolerance and open atmosphere, became the focus of world attention at that time. Of course, it is not only its economic prosperity and strong national strength that deserve the praise of the world, but also its advanced and developed culture was admired by all countries in the world at that time and became a model for its learning. The dance art of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty is an important part of splendid Tang Wenhua, and it is also an objective reflection of social stability, economic prosperity and people's well-being in Tang Dynasty. & gt The court music and dance in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty can be divided into elegant music and Yan music. Elegant music is the joy of the temple, which is mainly played by the emperor when offering sacrifices to the ancestral temple and ancestors, and holding grand ceremonies such as congratulations and canonization. As a part of the ceremony, elegant music is solemn, solemn, rigid and inflexible, and lacks entertainment. Yan music in the Tang Dynasty was relatively prosperous, which was the court folk music at that time, referring to all kinds of folk music played during court banquets and entertainment. Le Yan has experienced a process of development and change. Tang Gaozu used nine pieces of music from Sui Dynasty, which became ten pieces in Zhenguan period. Since then, on the basis of ten pieces of music, through continuous innovation and development, in the period, according to the different performance forms, two kinds of geisha have appeared: Libu and Zuobu. In addition, there are small healthy dances and soft dances specially used for entertainment and art, as well as codes, props, Hu's new voice and other distinctive music dances. & gt& gt( 1) Ten Music > Ten Music in Tang Dynasty was developed on the basis of Nine Music in Sui Dynasty, namely Le Qing, Xiliang, Tianzhu, Koryo, Qiuci, Anguo, Shule, Guo Kang, Le Yan and Gaochang. These ten pieces of music are all singing and dancing, which is an elegant art form of singing and dancing accompanied by a band. & gt(2) "Zuo Bu and Li Bu" After Tang Gaozong, "Ten Music" gradually became a simple ritual music, which was only played at important banquets. At the same time, the court music and dance in Chang 'an, based on the music and dance of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, further absorbed and integrated the essence of music and dance at home and abroad, created new music and dance programs, and gradually formed a colorful left part and an inner part with different styles. & gt The so-called "sitting without foundation" and "reasoning without foundation" means that people who sit in the hall and play under the hall are called "reasoning without foundation" according to the requirements of the performance. The performance level of the left geisha is obviously higher than that of the inner geisha, and the performance level of the inner geisha is obviously higher than that of the court elegant music. & gt(3) Jian Dance and Rou Dance > In the Yan music of Chang 'an Palace in the Tang Dynasty, besides the ten-part, Zuobu Geisha and Zhanbu Geisha, there are also some well-known small entertainment dances, usually called Jian Dance and Rou Dance, which are performed by performers. The so-called healthy dance and gentle dance are divided from the nature and form of dance. General movements are lively, fast and powerful, which is called "healthy dance"; If the movements are gentle and gentle, and the expression is delicate, it is called "soft dance". These two kinds of dances with different natures are vividly displayed in murals in Dunhuang and other places. & gt(4) Faqu, Inverted Tone, New Voices of the Family and Others >; The court Yan music in Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty was very rich and prosperous. In addition to the above-mentioned "Ten Songs", sitting and standing geisha, healthy dance and soft dance, there are other famous music and dances, such as French music represented by "Cai Yu", immortal Taoist tunes, Hu Bu new voice and other domestic and foreign music and dances. & gt& gt 1，Faqu >； Fa Qu, also known as "Fa Le", is named after its usage in Buddhism. As an emperor who was proficient in melody and deeply loved French music, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty chose 300 children of the left geisha to teach in the pear garden of the Forbidden Garden. In addition, there is a small voice in the Liyuan Legal Department, about 30 people. & gt There are many programs in the Tang Dynasty, including Litchi Fragrance, Plum Blossom of Hearts, Caiyu, Tang Tang, etc., among which Caiyu is the most famous and representative. & gt2. Knife carving >; In order to sanctify their own rule, the royal family in Li Tang regarded themselves as descendants of Kun Li, respected Laozi as the national ancestor and respected Taoism. In order to show their reverence, Tang Gaozong ordered musicians to make so-called Daodiao, that is, Daoqu with Taoist immortal color. & gt3. After the music and dance of the Western Regions in the Tang Dynasty was introduced into today's Hexi region of Gansu Province, it was transformed by the local Han people and integrated with the characteristics of Han music and dance, becoming a new type of music and dance with the music and dance of the Western Regions as the main body at that time and the characteristics of Han music and dance in Hexi and the mainland. & gt The court music and dance in the Tang Dynasty is rich in content, diverse in forms, complete in functions and different in styles, which explains the humanistic spirit of the Tang Dynasty to the world: being brave in accepting new things and being good at absorbing multiculturalism. It is rich in content, does not stick to a certain form of the previous generation, and boldly absorbs all the advantages of the previous generation of music and dance; Its musical instrument preparation is complicated, and it does not stick to the conventions of musical instrument preparation. It collects all the musical instruments of the previous generation for my use. Its music and dance style is novel, absorbing exotic styles such as Hu dance and Qiuci dance, enriching its own music ... It is precisely because of its all-encompassing attributes and characteristics that it has special research value and historical significance. From dance movements, musical instruments, tracks to costumes, it is highly artistic and ornamental. & gt& gt II. Folk Music and Dance > Chang 'an, as the capital of the Tang Dynasty, was not only very prosperous in court music and dance, but also very popular and prosperous in folk music and dance. Although there are obvious differences between Chang 'an court music and dance and folk music and dance in the Tang Dynasty in performance places and service objects, there is no obvious boundary in performance content and form. Folk music and dance is the basis of the development of court music and dance, and it has been perfected through court music and dance. At that time, the two influenced and promoted each other. & gt& gt( 1) Quzi In Chang 'an at that time, the so-called "tune" was the most popular. Quzi is a new artistic song which is different from ordinary folk songs on the basis of folk songs circulating in rural areas or some ethnic minority songs. After it was introduced into the city, it was processed and refined musically and filled with new lyrics. Quzi is more widely used than ordinary folk songs. In addition to solo, it is also used in rap and song and dance music. Quzi is not only a main form of folk music and dance, but also occupies a very important position in the prosperous court music and dance: from the king's concubines to ordinary citizens, they all have special feelings for Quzi, and its spread is quite extensive. & gt& gt(2) Ta Ge > In the Tang Dynasty, a traditional folk collective song and dance of the Han nationality "Ta Ge" was also popular in Chang 'an. On the night of the 15th day of the first month and the 15th day of August, the women in Chang 'an were singing, holding hands, stepping on the ground under the moon to celebrate the festival, singing and dancing, which was very lively. In the second year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (7 13), on the 14th and 15th of the first month, outside Anfu Gate of Chang 'an Imperial City, Izayoi, the ruler ordered people to make a lantern wheel as high as 20 feet and light 50,000 lamps. More than 1000 ladies-in-waiting and 1000 girls in Chang 'an and Wannian County were selected, dressed up and sang songs for three days and three nights under the brilliant lights and noisy atmosphere, which was extremely happy and unprecedented, which was hard to match in other regions. ?
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& gt& gt(3) Dancing in the Western Regions > Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty was an international metropolis with complex ethnic composition and numerous Chinese and foreign guests. Music and dance of various nationalities and even foreign countries are very popular here with their unique charm. At that time, the most popular dances in Chang 'an, except the aforementioned Qiuci Music Dance, Xiliang Music Dance, Hubu Xinsheng Dance, Hu Xuan Dance, Hu Teng Dance and Zhezhi Dance, all came from the western regions and other places. In addition, the collective song and dance "Hu" in the western regions has also been popular in Chang 'an City. & gt In the Tang Dynasty, when folk songs and dances prevailed, there were flag pavilions (restaurants) everywhere in Chang 'an City, where poets drank wine and wrote poems, and singers came here to play music and recite poems to help drinkers solve their problems. Except musicians and dancers who make a living by busking between cities, those bureaucrats and rich people generally have their own ci-poetry music in order to have fun in time. The folk music and dance in Chang 'an is very popular, and many people in the Tang Dynasty are full of vigor and enterprising spirit. Therefore, the custom of fighting music and dancing has gradually formed in Chang 'an. & gt& gt III. Analyzing the music and dance in the Tang Dynasty from the dance drama Song of Eternal Sorrow: The Tang Dynasty has become history, and its majestic appearance no longer exists. However, later generations are still struggling to find its mark, hoping to restore its brilliance, grandeur and grandeur. There are countless film and television works and music and dance works with related themes. China's first large-scale historical dance drama "Song of Eternal Sorrow" is one of the most influential and successful works. The director put the play in Huaqing Palace, where the incident happened, and presented the original appearance of music and dance at that time to the audience to the maximum extent. & gt The large-scale landscape dance drama is based on the long narrative poem "Song of Eternal Sorrow" in the Tang Dynasty, and uses modern dance drama and high-tech artistic means to reproduce the glorious historical truth of the Tang Dynasty. The stage is in the water, the scenery is on the mountain, the world is together, the mountains and rivers are together, and history, poetry, song and dance, science and technology are integrated into one, which is displayed in the evening breeze of Lishan Mountain. & gt Yang Yuhuan, crowned as a peerless beauty, came to the audience, entered Huaqing Palace, entered the history of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, entered love, entered the mist of clear spring and the breeze of spring bath. "It was early spring. They bathed her in a pure pool, which warmed and smoothed her creamy skin. Because of her fatigue, a maid lifted her up. When the emperor first noticed her and chose her as his bride, "in Huaqing Palace, Emperor Xuanzong and Yang Yuhuan were inseparable, and their sweet love was vividly interpreted through beautiful dances and soothing music. They have high musical attainments and accomplishments. They can sing and dance, play and sing. Because they have the same talent and hobbies, the same interests and pursuits, they have pushed China's music and dance techniques to the peak, leaving an artistic venue for singing and dancing, and the art of pear garden in China has matured. With their joint efforts, elements of music and dance from western regions, northern regions, ethnic minorities or foreign countries have been merged and recreated in Chang 'an, and the art of music and dance in China has reached an unprecedented peak. "The sleeves are fragrant, the red fragrance lingers in autumn smoke, the wind is swaying gently on Yunling, and the water is blowing by the tender willow pool." This is a poem "Dress and Dance" written by Yang Guifei for later generations. The four short poems have made us think about this dance so far. In the 14th year of Tianbao, An Lushan rebelled and attacked Chang 'an, and Huaqing Palace was plunged into flames. In 755 AD, 165438+ October, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei fled Chang 'an in a hurry, headed west and marched on Maweipo. The whole army has no choice but to change its defense. Where will you really go? Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty returned to Chang 'an from Shu. Li Yang's love runs through and witnessed the turning point of China from peak to decline in the long history of the past 3,000 years. An Shi Rebellion ended this love. From another perspective, he also ended the prosperity of the Tang Dynasty and the countries and nations represented by the Tang Dynasty. Everyone has feelings, which is the most difficult natural law for people to escape. No matter the king or the people, Bai Juyi's Song of Eternal Sorrow has touched countless readers with its outstanding literary charm, and Huaqingchi's dance drama Song of Eternal Sorrow has shocked thousands of people with its magnificent design and become an audio-visual feast. Long-term historical accumulation and ingenuity have created a dramatic landscape of a Chinese Odyssey, which is both true and reproducible. Another success of this drama is that it is an apocalypse of a prosperous time. The turning point from prosperity to decline in the prosperous Tang Dynasty reflects the originality and non-repetition of this drama, which has restored an indelible stroke for the magnificence, grandeur, unity and completeness of the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. & gt& gt Conclusion >> The prosperity of economy and people made the Tang Dynasty appear a peaceful atmosphere. The law of history tells future generations: when political turmoil and economic development are backward, people live in seclusion, on the contrary, when political stability and economic prosperity, people leave the room, thus promoting the development of culture and making it reach a certain height. The political stability, cultural prosperity and economic prosperity in the Tang Dynasty laid a solid foundation for the development of art at that time: people no longer worried about food, clothing, housing and transportation, but paid attention to spiritual and cultural life, so music and dance flourished and became an important part of people's spiritual life at that time, while court music and dance permeated with folk music and dance, making the Tang Dynasty rich in varieties, high-quality products and even unique. & gt The Tang Dynasty was a prosperous period of cultural development. At that time, the palace dance was born in a specific social and cultural atmosphere and adapted to the special requirements of the culture of the times. It establishes a set of music and dance norms, which determines the aesthetic orientation and standards. The music and dance culture of Song of Eternal Sorrow is a cultural category that is constantly explored, accumulated and developed. For such historical and artistic works, we should not only protect, but also pay attention to inheritance. This is not only an effective means to protect the national wealth, but also a glorious and arduous mission for everyone in China. We should explore and inherit Chang 'an music and dance art in Tang Dynasty through various effective ways, so as to make it shine more brightly in the long history of China and make immortal contributions to the promotion of national culture. & gt& gt reference: > Yan. Master's thesis "Research and Investigation of Huang Wu's Hundred Thousand Palace Songs". & gt Ou Yangyuqian's dance in the Tang dynasty. Shanghai Literature and Art Publishing House, 1980. & gt Yuan and China Palace Dance Art. Shanghai Music Publishing House, 1, 2004. & gt Music and Dance Volume of Encyclopedia of China, Encyclopedia of China Publishing House, 1989. & gt The Book of Old Tang Dynasty is the sixth of six biographies. & gt Large-scale landscape live-action musical video "Song of Eternal Sorrow". & gt& gt20 12 April > (The author is a teacher of Shaanxi Art Vocational College) > Editor/Cen Can >?
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