My homeland is three thousand miles away, and I have been in the palace for twenty years. ——Zhang Hu of the Tang Dynasty, "Gong Ci: Three Thousand Miles from the Homeland" The homeland is three thousand miles away, and I have been in the palace for twenty years. The homeland is three thousand miles away, and I have been in the palace for twenty years.
He Manzi cried out, and tears fell in front of you. Translation and annotations of Three Hundred Tang Poems on Palace Resentment
Translation
My hometown and relatives are thousands of miles away. I have been claustrophobic in this deep palace for twenty years. Listen to a piece of music "He Manzi", couldn't help but shed tears. Appreciation
Short palace resentment poems, generally written in the quatrain style, always reveal only a corner of the picture of life, allowing readers to see the miserable life of the palace people from a fragmented scene; at the same time, they are often written euphemistically. It is implicit, leaving some content to the readers' imagination and play. This poem is different. It shows a complete picture of life, and it directly tells the story and writes the emotion.
There are only twenty words in Shizong***. In the first half of the poem, the author condenses the entire experience of a palace man far away from his hometown and living in a claustrophobic palace into just ten words with the power of writing with ease and simplicity. The first sentence, "Three Thousand Miles from the Homeland," is written from the perspective of space, and the distance from home; the second sentence, "Twenty Years in the Palace," is written from the perspective of time, writing the length of time in the palace. These two lines of poems are not only highly generalized, but also highly contagious; not only do they display the heroine’s sorrows and hatreds in one go, but they also express them twice as much and further. Her sorrow. It is already tragic enough for a young girl to be unfortunately selected into the palace, separated from her family, isolated from the outside world, losing her happiness and freedom, not to mention that her hometown is three thousand miles away and it has been twenty years. Readers feel that his fate is more tragic and his life experience is more sympathetic. Similar to these two lines of poetry, there is a couplet in Liu Zongyuan's poem "Farewell to my brother Zongyi", "I traveled six thousand miles to the country, and died in the wilderness for twelve years", which also uses the distance and the length of time to express the distance. The state investment shortage is extremely sad. This is done by doubling and adding another layer of writing to increase the weight and depth of the poem.
The second half of the poem turns to writing about resentment. With a sad song and the fact that both tears fell, the poet directly writes about the deeply buried and long-simmered resentment of the person in the poem. These last two lines of poetry also win with intensity, not with subtlety. In the past, some poetry commentators said that implicit poetry is more important than directness and music is more taboo, but this is not absolute. It should be said that whether a poem is melodious or direct, implicit or strong, it must obey its content. The first half of this poem has already described the tragic situation of the people in the poem to the extreme, and has accumulated enough power to force out the resentment. Therefore, in the second half of the poem, the resentment of the people in the poem is bound to burst out and pour out. Soon. Only in this way can the whole poem appear strong and powerful, and achieve an artistic effect that impresses readers. Here, one point worth mentioning is that some poems about palace resentment state that the reason for the resentment of the palace people is that they cannot see the emperor or fall out of favor with the emperor, which is not advisable; this poem does the opposite, The resentment written in it burst out "in front of the emperor", when the song and dance of the person in the poem was appreciated by the emperor. This resentment, combined with the first two sentences, is definitely not due to being out of touch or falling out of favor, but a protest against being deprived of happiness and freedom. It is exactly what Liu Zao said in a poem "The Revenge of Nagato", "It's not To miss you is to hate you."
This poem also has two characteristics. One is: among the four lines of the poem, the first three lines are all noun sentences without predicates. Xie Zhen once pointed out in "Siming Poetry Talk" that "if there are many real words in a poem, the meaning will be simple and the sentence will be strong", and the examples he cited of "all using real words" are noun sentences. The reason why this poem is particularly concise, concise, and powerful is related to the use of this special verse structure. Another characteristic is: in the four lines of the poem, "three thousand miles" is used to indicate the distance, "twenty years" is used to indicate the time, "one sound" is used to describe singing, and "double tears" is used to describe weeping, and numbers are used in every sentence. . Numbers often have a special role in poetry. They can express a thing or a problem more clearly and accurately, giving readers a deeper impression, and also make the poems particularly concise and powerful. These two artistic form characteristics of this poem are in harmony with its content and complement each other.
Creation Background Li Yan, Emperor Wuzong of the Tang Dynasty, favored Meng, a talented singer and songwriter. Later, when Emperor Wuzong was seriously ill, Meng Cairen stood by his side. Emperor Wuzong asked him, "I may not hold back, but what will you do to me?" ?" Meng Cairen said to him, "If your Majesty lives forever, he will never be able to live again." At that time, Wu Zong ordered him to sing "He Manzi" in front of his sick bed. His voice was so sad that everyone who heard it burst into tears. Soon after, Emperor Wu died, and Meng Cai mourned for several days and died. Zhang Ku wrote three poems about Meng Cai's death in love, one of which was titled "Meng Cai's Lament", and the other two poems were a group, collectively titled "Gong Ci". Zhang Hu, courtesy name Chengji, was born in Qinghe, Xingtai, and was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. Born in the famous Zhang family in Qinghe, he has a distinguished family background. He is called Mr. Zhang and has the reputation of "a famous person in the country". Zhang Hu made outstanding achievements in poetry creation throughout his life. "The motherland is three thousand miles away, and she has been in the palace for twenty years." This is why Zhang Hu got his name. "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" contains 349 of his poems.
Zhang Hu In the old days of West Lake, I lingered in the clear night, and my love for wine would almost go to waste. If you don’t go upstairs this evening, you will spend a whole year in vain. For fifteen years under the imperial edict of He Rong, the general came to the border without fighting. I remember when we were young, we met on the screen. I accidentally fell into the dust net and passed away for thirty years. In order to ask what happened to the mountain old man, I sat and watched the young man, and tried my best to lose his beauty on the temples. Don't waste your fleeting years, as your hair and hair are incompatible with each other. The big tree without branches faces the north wind, and weeps for heroes after ten years of regret. Yesterday the house was very popular, but today there is a lot of excitement outside.
The dream has faded and the fragrance has faded for forty years, and the old willow in the garden has stopped blowing. When the years pass by, I miss you all the time. Who cares about the old people in Yuguan? I think back then, when we were strong and strong, we could swallow thousands of miles like a tiger. Thousands of miles of sorrow and severe condemnation, a hundred years of dying and rejuvenation. I don’t know what year it is today in the palace in the sky. Talented people have emerged from generation to generation, and each has led the army for hundreds of years.