At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, many intellectuals from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty never stopped their feelings for the motherland and faithfully adhered to national integrity. Their poems mourn the motherland, the past, recovery and festivals.
Representative poets include Gu, Huang Zongxi, Wang Fuzhi, Qian and Wu. Gu, Huang Zongxi and Wang Fuzhi are called "the three great Confucians in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties".
Gu's poetry is sentimental when it hurts. Poetry is plain and unpretentious, and it is a literati poem that "dominates temperament and is not expensive and ingenious". The charm of Du Fu's poems can be seen in his sober, gloomy and desolate style.