Symbolism in poetic language, through the special arrangement and combination of words, forms a confusing artistic effect. Its representative figures are French Baudelaire, Welland, Rambo, Malarme and so on. And Dmitry Kling of Belgium and Hoptmann of Germany.
Extended data
Appeared in 1886. Jean Moreas, a young poet, published a literary declaration in le Figaro, arguing that avant-garde poets at that time should be called "symbolists". This declaration marks the birth of symbolism.
In fact, before this, symbolism, as a new creative method, had sprouted as early as the period when romanticism prevailed. Many romantic poets use symbolism to some extent: suggestion is more than explanation, and implication is more than full play. Baudelaire, Malalum, Rambo, Welland and other famous symbolists, pioneers of symbolism, published a large number of symbolic works.
Symbolism has returned to the old road of focusing on expressing personal feelings. But in expressing personal feelings, it is very different from romantic lyric. It describes the elusive inner secret; Or, as Malarme said, the "truth" hidden behind ordinary things. Therefore, symbolism has greatly changed the language of poetry.
Special and unexpected arrangements and combinations are made for everyday words and phrases to make them have new meanings. Symbolism is not satisfied with depicting clear lines and fixed outlines. The artistic effect it pursues is not to make readers understand what the poet wants to say, but to make readers understand something. Let readers realize that there is profound meaning in it.
Symbolism does not pursue simplicity and clarity, nor does it deliberately pursue obscurity; What it pursues is half bright and half dark, and the combination of light and shade is confusing. Symbolic poetry attaches great importance to the musical effect, but the musicality of poetry is not simply expressed by mechanical rhyme, but by the inherent rhythm and melody of poetry.
Prose poems are no less musical than metrical poems, and sometimes even better than metrical poems, so many symbolist poets write prose poems with distinctive features. Symbolists oppose realism, while naturalists describe objective reality truthfully. They believe that the real material world is illusory and painful, and only the inner world hidden behind it is real.
Hints and symbols are widely used in the works to express people's inner world metaphorically. 1886 ~ 189 1 year is the prosperous period of English symbolism poetry. The representative works of this period include Malaheim's poems and essays, Laforgue's Flowers of Kindness and Rainier's Intervals. The three masters of symbolism are Malaheim, Wei Erlun and Rambo.
Baudelaire, the author of Flowers of Evil, is regarded as the pioneer of symbolism. 189 1 year, Morais first announced his departure from symbolism, and many symbolist poets also developed in the direction of their own choice, no longer following the symbolic artistic standards of * * *, and the symbolism school disintegrated. However, symbolism, as a literary trend of thought and artistic style, has far-reaching influence.