Haiku is a kind of Japanese classical short poem, which consists of 17 characters. It originated from two forms of Japanese poetry: Lian Ge and Nuo He.
Lian Fang is a kind of Japanese poetry that began in15th century. Couplets similar to China's modern poems are poems written by many writers. Its first sentence is a 17 tone of five, seven and five sentences, which is called a French sentence, and its threatening sentence is a 14 room of seven and seven sentences. After the third sentence and the fourth sentence, the first two sentences are repeated in turn, and the last sentence ends with seven sentences and seven sentences, which is called a conclusion sentence.
Love Song is an elegant classical poem. Lian Fang inherited the aesthetic consciousness of the Middle Ages, and his writing method was to quote classical stories to create poems. Later, Lian Ge was gradually replaced by a humorous poem called "Mi Xie".
Harmony, like Lian Fang, is a poem with seventeen tones and fourteen tones. But it satirized Brother Lian and added vulgar and fashionable jokes. Miho uses homophonic witticisms more, and likes to use the life-rich things that have not been used in Lian Fang as the theme.
In harmony, some people began to publish sentences as independent works. This is the origin of haiku.
2. The format of haiku
Haiku is a kind of poetry with a specific format. The creation of haiku must follow two basic rules:
First, haiku consists of five lines, seven lines and five lines, with a total of 17 letters. Of course, this is based on Japanese.
Second, there should be seasonal language in haiku. The so-called seasonal language refers to the seasonal language used to express the new year in spring, summer, autumn and winter. In seasonal languages, besides "summer rain" and "snow", there are also animal and plant names such as "cherry blossom" and "cicada". In addition, customs such as "lucky money" and "Yangchun noodles" are also widely used. These "seasonal theories" usually carry the nostalgia of modern Japanese for childhood or hometown.
Six, seasonless haiku and free law haiku
Haiku without season, no matter its name, just don't use the seasonal language in Haiku. I remember a kind of tea with haiku and no seasonal language:
"Sammy is also a sin, let the chickens fight."
Free law haiku completely abandoned the form of haiku. Although it has not become the dominant haiku, it is better for us in China to write China haiku.
The author improvised some short sentences, which should be regarded as the law of freedom:
"In late autumn, tired birds are singing, and the sunset is red all over the mountain." "The moon is like a lover's touch, and the willow shadow is twisted." "Tired, lying on the grass, the clouds in the sky floated into my dream." "The person in the mirror is not me, just a strange face."
In Japan, the most popular writers of free law haiku belong to farming and mountain fires. Shantouhuo is a haiku poet from Fang Fucheng. He was born in a feudal landlord family in 1882. He is very interested in literature and shows great talent. He dropped out of school and went home because of illness. After that, his father went bankrupt and then he lost his wife and children. After losing everything, he became a monk and began a wandering life in Japan. Wherever he goes, he always writes haiku to think about nature and life. Therefore, he is called a wandering poet.
Here are some haiku of mountain fires:
"Sleep peacefully on the new green grass", "The morning sky is so clear and the faint clouds flow in the blue sky" and "The light of the sunset is so beautiful that I am walking carefully and have not wasted my time".
Seven, haiku and China's poetry.
There is a saying that haiku is formed because of quatrains in China's modern poetry. There was a chorus in medieval Japan, and the format of the chorus was five sentences and thirty-one tones. Later, due to the chorus of many people, long and short chorus appeared. Haiku originates from couplet, the first sentence of couplet, three sentences and seventeen tones. Brother Lian's threatening sentence is two sentences with fourteen tones. It adds up to exactly thirty-one There is an ancient saying in China that quatrains are half of regular poems, which is the so-called "absolutely, absolutely". Most ancient Japanese poets can write Chinese poems, so the formation of haiku is probably inspired by the relationship between quatrains and metrical poems.
Masaoka Shiki once said, "Haiku, Hege and China's poems are different in form, but have the same taste. Among them, haiku has many similarities with Chinese poetry, because haiku benefits from Chinese poetry. "
The artistic conception of haiku has more similarities with China's poems. The beauty of haiku is that it captures the sparkling scenery of nature, which corresponds to the poet's metaphysical dream and produces a sentimental single line and a unique Zen flavor, which will be frozen forever from that moment on. This Zen silence is often reflected in China's poems. For example, Wang Wei's poem: "Love is getting thinner, and Zen is getting silent." (Accidental Works), "Realizing the joy of silence once is more than enough in this life" (Repeating the Walking Monk in Busan).
Many Japanese haiku poets can write China's poems. There are also many haiku in China's China poems. For example, Bajiao's sentence: "The grass grows in summer, and the warriors leave dreams" is a quotation from Du Fu's poem "Although the country is broken, the mountains and rivers last forever, and the grass grows green in spring".
accidentally
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