History of Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

What is the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? It is the iron horse autumn wind, the magnificent north and the apricot blossom spring rain, the Jiangnan dream confrontation; This is a war scene with swords and shadows and frequent regime changes. It was a chaotic time when blood and fire condensed. What kind of era was Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties? It is a society of national rise and fall, population migration, door politics and class discrimination; A hundred schools of thought contend, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, drinking and taking drugs, acting strangely. This is a scene full of tears and laughter. Chaos and longing, this is the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in my eyes and heart. I often think that if people today travel through time and space and return to the Qin and Han dynasties, it may not be too strange, because the centralization, rule of law and respect for Confucius in the Qin and Han dynasties remain unchanged today; Now people travel through time and space and return to the Sui and Tang Dynasties. They may also have a familiar feeling. The Sui Dynasty carried out reforms, the Tang Dynasty flourished, and today's prosperous times are also undergoing in-depth reforms. However, if we travel to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, we will really feel very strange, and we will wonder how the history of China was so derailed. Interestingly, the troubled times, visions and derailment in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties have aroused people's thinking and admiration throughout the ages. The so-called difference produces beauty, which is the truth. Then, let's review the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. From the traditional historical chronology, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties began in 220 when Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Han Dynasty, and ended in 589 when Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty was annihilated and unified, with a total history of 370 years. In the past 300 years, many large and small regimes have been established in the geographical scope of China agricultural society, such as Cao Wei, Sun Wu, Western Jin, Eastern Jin, Sixteen Kingdoms, Song, Qi, Liang, Chen, Northern Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. These regimes are collectively referred to as the Three Kingdoms, the Jin Dynasty and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. If Cao Wei represents the Three Kingdoms, it is also called Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. If further subdivided, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties included three stages and four systems. The three stages refer to the divided Three Kingdoms, the unified Western Jin Dynasty, the divided Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The four systems refer to the divided three countries, the unified western Jin Dynasty, the eastern Jin Dynasty in the south and the sixteen countries in the northern dynasties. In addition, there is the theory of "Southern Six Dynasties" and "Northern Six Dynasties", that is, Sun Wu, Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in Nanjing today are called "Southern Six Dynasties", while Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou successively established their capitals in the north. In fact, the term "Six Dynasties in the Northern Dynasties" is not appropriate, because these regimes are not only inconsistent in countries (the early and middle period of the Northern Wei Dynasty were all Pingcheng, the northern Qi Dynasty and the northern Zhou Dynasty were Ye and Chang 'an, and the rest were Luoyang), but also discontinuous in time (the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty were missing) and different in nature (the royal families of Cao Wei, the Western Jin Dynasty and the Sui Dynasty were all Han Chinese, and the northern Qi Dynasty was Xianbei Han Chinese). The unification of the Western Jin and Sui Dynasties and other divisions). As for Japanese scholars, it is customary to refer to the historical period from the Three Kingdoms to the Sui Dynasty before reunification, that is, more than 300 years from the beginning of the 3rd century to the end of the 6th century. In this way, the "Six Dynasties" refers to both the north and the south, roughly equivalent to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. The hovering name or concept above may confuse the readers, but in fact this feeling is correct, because the biggest feature of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was originally a word "chaos". At that time, the situation was changing, the dynasties were changing, and the historical facts were extremely complicated. Really confused. So, how to understand this confusing chaotic situation in the history of China? We pay attention to two macro issues, one is historical clues, and the other is the characteristics of the times. Around the historical clues and characteristics of the times in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, I combed and summarized them, although they were highly summarized. In my eyes, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was a troubled time and a long-term prospect. I wonder if you agree with me? I think it is necessary to mention historical records, that is, historical documents, after combing five clues and seven characteristics. Today, we can ask about the past, mainly relying on China's unparalleled and vast historical documents. As far as the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are concerned, among the so-called "Twenty-four histories", there are 12 official histories about the Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties, namely, Records of the Three Kingdoms, Book of Jin, Book of Song, Book of Southern Qi, Liang Shu, Book of Chen, Book of Wei, Book of Northern Qi, Actually, it's worth it. Imagine reading through the official history of 12. Does it feel particularly good? Even confidence may be shattered? With this feeling and confidence, we may be more comfortable to communicate with students who are smart or interested in history. Of course, in addition to the official history of 12, there are many typical documents related to specific historical categories in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, such as Selected Works, Poetry, Carving Dragons in the Literary Mind, Bao Puzi, Biography of Monks, Hongming Ji, Luoyang Galand Ji and so on. Shi Shuo Xin Yu and Yan Family Instructions are especially recommended here. According to my reading experience, I can't be a qualified China scholar without reading Shi Shuo Xin Yu, but I can't be a qualified China parent without reading Yan Family Instructions. How do you say this? I look forward to the opportunity to communicate with you again. Source: History Teaching Middle School Edition