The author of "He Ma Lang's Remarks on Moving the White Chrysanthemum" is the Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin. The full text of his ancient poems is as follows:
Tao's poems only use gold and gold, and Yingqu's new biography is Bai Xueying's.
Plain colors of different colors grow under the hedge, and the flowers are probably born in the middle of the moon.
The mica is removed from the floating cup, and the dew is completely covered with water essence.
Partly known as Hanxiang Wuzi Ke, he has been prosperous since he got the land.
Foreword
"He Ma Lang's Remarks on Moving the White Chrysanthemum" is a seven-character poem about chrysanthemums written by the Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin. This poem was written in the fourth year of Huichang when the poet was away from politics. At this time, this article vividly depicts Bai Ju's purity and praises Ma Langzhong euphemistically and implicitly.
Notes
①Ma Langzhong: That is, Ma Langzhong of the former Water Department. "Moving the White Chrysanthemum" is a poem by Ma Langzhong.
②Tao Shi: Poems by Tao Yuanming, a poet of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
③Golden Reality: refers to chrysanthemum. Tao Yuanming loved chrysanthemums, and many of his poems praised chrysanthemums.
④ Ying Song: Ying was the capital of Chu State during the Warring States Period. There are songs such as "Lower Riba People" and "White Snow in Spring" in Ying City. This uses "Song of White Snow" to introduce the beauty of Bai Ju.
⑤Primary: white. Tao Yuanming's "Drinking": "Picking chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, leisurely seeing the Nanshan Mountain." Plain color: white.
⑥Xiaojie: It means that the flowers are not in full bloom. Mica: It means that the flower resembles white mica.
⑦Shuijing: quartz. This describes the crystal dew on chrysanthemums.
⑧: Suitable. Fragrance: "Old Yi of the Han Dynasty" says that when Shang Shulang was performing in Guangming Hall, he smelled the fragrance of chicken tongue, that is, cloves.
⑨ Five-character guest: According to Guo Ban's "Shiyu of Wei and Jin Dynasties": King Sima Jing ordered Yu Song to make a statement. After submitting it again, it was still not satisfactory, so Song was asked to modify it, but Song could not change it. Zhongshu Lang Zhonghui decided on five words for the update, and Song Yue accepted it. This five-character guest bell will compare with Ma Langzhong. At the end, there is a beautiful poem about the horseman, and the white chrysanthemum has gained the ground and bloomed since then. [3]
⑩Get the land: Still get the land.
Translation
In Tao Yuanming's poem, it is just the yellow essence of yellow chrysanthemum. In the songs of Yingdu, there is a new song about Bai Xue Huaying, who sings about the white snow in spring. The white is different from the yellow that develops under the fence. The flourishing white flowers seem to be born from the silver water of the moon. I picked up less of the floating wine glass and opened the mica screen, transplanting all the dew as if it was embellished with the water essence of the moon. It happens that the five-character poet guest praises you, the man with the fragrance of chicken tongue, and you are like a white chrysanthemum. From then on, you began to prosper.
Appreciation
Chrysanthemum has always been a favorite of poets. Tao Zhouming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was famous for his love of chrysanthemums. In particular, his famous saying "Pick chrysanthemums under the eastern fence, and leisurely see the southern mountains" has been popular for thousands of years, and has also raised the "worth" of chrysanthemums. However, when people appreciate chrysanthemums, most people like the yellow golden chrysanthemum. But I don't like the cold white chrysanthemum. The same is true for Tang people. Liu Yuxi wrote in his poem that at that time "all the chrysanthemums were all yellow" ("Playing with White Chrysanthemums with Mr. Linghu"), although this was an exaggeration. But it reflects the preferences of most people, because "white flowers are cold and unloved" (Bai Juyi, "White Peony"). Li Shangyin's poem is dedicated to portraying the white chrysanthemum, which is extremely beautiful.
At the beginning of the poem, it is written: "Tao's poems only use golden fruits, and Yingqu's new poems are based on Bai Xueying." "Real" means flowers. There is a sentence in "Ode to Autumn Chrysanthemums" written by Penny in the Jin Dynasty: "A real person picks the real flowers." "Ying" also refers to chrysanthemum. There is a poem by Qu Yuan called "The Falling Flowers of Autumn Chrysanthemums at Evening Dinner" ("Li Sao"). "Yingqu" and "Baixue" are both allusions. Song Yu's "Questions of the King of Chu" said: "The guest who sang in Ying (the capital of Chu)...it was "White Snow in Spring", and there were dozens of people in the garden who were harmonious." The poet felt that Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was in his It seems unfair that only yellow chrysanthemums are mentioned in the poems about chrysanthemums, and white chrysanthemums are not written (actually, white chrysanthemums are not written, white chrysanthemums have not been cultivated in my country in the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties), so the horseman transplanted white chrysanthemums and wrote poems with white chrysanthemums, which is really It is commendable that his poems are as elegant as the song "Spring and White Snow", and there are few who can be harmonious!
Next, the poet focused on describing the beauty of white chrysanthemum. The third and fourth sentences: "The plain colors are different, and the flowers grow under the fence, and the flowers are probably born in the middle of the moon." They mainly describe the color of white chrysanthemums, and the word "shift" is also brought out casually. In terms of color, the white chrysanthemum looks like it is carved from white jade and looks like the first fall of autumn frost. It is indeed different from the yellow chrysanthemum growing under the fence. Its crystal white, exquisite and clear flowers seem to grow from the moon palace. How can they be ordinary flowers in the world?
The fifth and sixth sentences describe the white chrysanthemum in detail: "The mica is removed from the floating cup, and the whole part is covered with crystal." "Shift" is the unity of the whole view. Here, the poet adopts his usual writing technique, bypassing the description of the object itself, and uses other things to create it. This is because "the meaning is empty and strange, and the words are true but ingenious". ("Wen Xin Diao Long·Shen Si") If the white chrysanthemum itself is described directly, it is easy to be straightforward and tasteless, so the poet uses metaphorical techniques, borrowing the dead object to compare the white chrysanthemum, and picking it up in a floating cup, that is, taking it apart to look at it carefully. Crystal clear. As exquisite as mica. Then "move all the dew with it", and look at it as a whole, the white and pure petals are carrying strings of transparent dewdrops, which are as bright as crystals. This combination of brushwork is exquisite, and it is like a white chrysanthemum.
The seventh and eighth sentences: "The five-character guest named Hanxiang has been prosperous since he arrived at this place." Focus on praising Ma Langzhong and his transplantation of white chrysanthemums. Lu Kun, a native of the Qing Dynasty, once commented on these two poems and said: "The fragrant sentence refers to flowers and people.
Once the doctor transplanted it, he was happy to have the land. And Fangrong started from then on. "("Annotations to the Collected Poems of Li Yishan"). "Hanxiang" and "五字客" are both allusions. "Han Jiuyi" says: In the Han Dynasty, Shang Shulang played in the Guangming Hall. The walls of the hall were painted with Hu powder, Shang Shulang "tends to Danqi. It contains the fragrance of chicken tongue (today's clove), and it is played under it. "According to "Shishuoxinyu", King Jing of Wei Sima ordered Yu Song to make a statement. After Yu Song finished writing, he submitted it, but it was not in line with King Jing's wishes and asked him to make another decision. But Yu Song ran out of ideas and spent a long time He couldn't change it, so he thought about it and looked embarrassed. When he saw the clock, he took it and looked at it, and changed the five words for him. Afterwards, King Jing sighed: "Such a great talent should be reused. "The words "Hanxiang" and "五字客" here praise Ma Langzhong. Bai Ju is not appreciated by most people, but she met a bosom friend like Zhong Hui like Ma Langzhong, who is as literary and elegant as he was born. If he is born in the right place, he can The novelty of this poem is reflected in the fact that the poet does not write about the color of the white chrysanthemum, but uses rich imagination to describe it first. The white chrysanthemum is born in the middle of the moon. Later, it is compared with mica crystal, which is novel and unique. At the same time, this poem also uses some allusions, which are beautiful.