What are the five basic sentence patterns in English?

I. subject+intransitive verb

Intransitive verbs can express complete ideas without objects and complements, but sometimes they can be modified by adverbials such as adverbs and prepositional phrases.

Example: The rain has stopped.

The rain has stopped.

Second, subject+copula+predicate

Connective verbs themselves can't express complete meaning, and they need adjectives, nouns and prepositional phrases to supplement the subject, which is also called subject complement.

My sister is a nurse.

My sister is a nurse.

Third, subject+transitive verb+object.

Transitive verbs themselves need an action receiver (object) to express a complete idea.

We are learning English.

Translation: We are learning English.

Fourth, subject+transitive verb+indirect object+direct object

Some transitive verbs need two objects to express a complete meaning.

For example, her mother, Bogert AsChirt.

Her mother bought her a short skirt.

V subject+transitive verb+object+object complement

Transitive verbs need not only the object, but also nouns, adjectives, adverbs, infinitives and participles to explain the object, in order to express a complete idea.

The news made us very sad.

The news made us very sad.