Rhetoric Rhetoric is to modify words and use various expressions to make language expression accurate, vivid and powerful. Commonly used rhetorical devices include metaphor, personification, exaggeration, parallelism, duality, repetition, rhetorical question, quotation, contrast, metonymy, irony, thimble, intertextuality, analogy and so on.
metaphor
According to the similarity of things, we use concrete, simple and familiar things to illustrate abstract, abstruse and unfamiliar things, that is, analogy. Metaphor can make the content of expression vivid and concrete, give people a vivid and profound impression, explain abstruse and unfamiliar things with simple and common things, and help people understand them deeply.
There are three types of metaphors: simile, metaphor and metonymy.
Similes appear like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like, like.
That little girl is like a flower.
Metaphorically, A is B, appearing as, becoming.
The thick green scenery is simply a painting of green mountains and green waters.
Metaphor a and metaphor b do not appear in ontology and metaphor.
Numerous arrows were shot from the ground and thousands of waterfalls fell from the roof.
Humanoid animal
Write things as adults, endow things with people's words and deeds or thoughts and feelings, and describe things with words that describe people. Anthropomorphic people can write animals, birds, insects, flowers, trees or other inanimate things into adults, so that specific things are personalized and the language is vivid. Such as: peach trees, apricot trees, pear trees, you won't let me, I won't let you, all are full of flowers to chase.
exaggerate
Deliberately exaggerating or narrowing the nature, characteristics, etc of things. Exaggeration can prompt the essence of things, set off the atmosphere, strengthen the rendering power and cause associative effects.
The categories of exaggeration include:
Magnification exaggerates the shape, nature, characteristics, function and degree of things. The asphalt road was sunburned, and even the bronze medal in front of the shop seemed to be sunburned.
Reduce exaggeration and reduce the image, nature, characteristics, function and degree of things. There is only a palm-sized place in front of my house.
Exaggerate in advance, say what comes later, and say what comes first. She was drunk before she got pregnant.
Paibi
Arrange sentences or components with the same or similar structure, consistent tone and related meaning together, but there must be more than three. Parallelism can improve the language atmosphere and expression effect.
For example, their quality is so pure and noble, their will is so tough and strong, their temperament is so simple and humble, and their mind is so beautiful and broad.
drunk driving
A pair of phrases or sentences with equal words, the same structure and symmetrical meaning, expressing two opposite or similar meanings. Duality is neat and symmetrical, with strong sense of rhythm, high generalization, easy to remember and musical beauty.
Such as: frown coldly at a thousand fingers, bow down and be a willing ox.
Anti-reply
To emphasize a certain meaning and express a certain feeling, deliberately repeat a word or sentence.
Types of repetition: continuous repetition and interval repetition, with no other words in the middle of continuous repetition. There are other words in interval repetition.
There was an echo from the valley. He just left. He just left. (repeated)
It seems that without the three provinces, the party and the country are more and more like one country. Without the three northeastern provinces, no one will ring, but the party and the country are more and more like a country. (Repeat at regular intervals)
ask a question
In order to attract others' attention, ask questions first and then answer them yourself. Asking questions can remind people to think, and some are to highlight certain contents.
Why are flowers so red? First of all, it has its material basis.
a rhetorical question
There is no doubt that there is no doubt, but the definite meaning is expressed in the form of doubt, the negation is expressed in the form of affirmation, and it is definitely expressed in the form of negation.
What about me? Have I nothing to blame?
cite
Quoting ready-made words to improve the effect of language expression can be divided into direct quotation and indirect quotation.
For example, "modesty makes people progress, and pride makes people lag behind", and we should remember this truth.
loan
Change what you want to express into something relevant. Types of metonymy: characteristic substituting for things, concrete substituting for abstraction, part substituting for whole, and whole substituting for part.
For example, don't take a needle or thread from the masses.
Sir, can't you give me cash, Yuan Shikai?
ferreous
Express the original intention with words or sentences that are opposite to the original intention, and strengthen the expression effect by saying irony. Some satirize and expose, while others express intimate and friendly feelings.
For example, (students studying in the Qing Dynasty) also have broken braids, which are flat. Except for the hat, they are all shiny and visible, just like a little girl's bun, and you have to twist your neck a few times. It's really beautiful.
contrast ratio
Contrast is a metaphor, which compares two different things or two aspects of the same thing together. Using contrast, we must have a deep understanding of the contradiction of what we want to express. Two things to be compared or two aspects of the same thing should be opposite, otherwise they cannot be compared.
For example, some people are alive but dead; Some people died, but he is still alive. (Cang Kejia, "Some People")
casing
Use the word at the end of the previous sentence as the beginning of the next sentence, connect before and after, and then continue to decline to promote the cohesion of tone. Also known as Julian, Lian Lian and Lian Lian.
For example:
A big belly can hold things that are hard to hold in the world.
Laugh when you open your mouth, laugh at the ridiculous people in the world (anonymous topic Beijing Tanzhe Temple Maitreya Hall Alliance)
Madness leads to greed, greed leads to anger, and anger leads to harm, so we know that delusion is pain.
Setting precepts means becoming wisdom, and enlightenment means becoming a teacher. You should learn from the precepts.
There is also a special and uncommon thimble format, called chain lattice (all adjacent clauses of the whole couplet are thimbles, and the joints and feet are thimbles). For example:
Good can be close, close to smell, smell and practice is good.
There are old diseases, sickness and death, and where will you go.
Castle peak outside the building, white clouds outside the mountain, clouds flying outside the sky.
There are green trees by the pool, red rain under the trees and rain by the stream.
Overall: interlocking and fascinating.
Specifically: discussion and reasoning should be accurate, detailed and thorough. Lyric freehand brushwork, fresh style. Narrative, coherent.
Intertextuality
Intertextuality, also known as intertextuality, is a rhetoric method commonly used in ancient poetry.
In ancient Chinese, the meaning belonging to a sentence (or phrase) was divided into two sentences (or phrases), and the meanings of the upper and lower sentences should be complementary in interpretation, which is intertextuality.
The old saying goes like this: "It refers to writing in the other party, but it refers to writing in the text." Specifically, it is a form: the upper and lower sentences or two parts of a sentence seem to say two things, but in fact they echo each other, explain each other, complement each other and say the same thing.
Example: (1): sunny in the morning and cloudy at night.
Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower (meaning "sunny in the morning" and "sunny in the evening"). "Chao" and "Xi", "Hui" and "Yin" are intertextual. )
Ex. (2): Don't rejoice in things, and don't grieve for yourself.
Fan Zhongyan in Yueyang Tower (meaning that he is not happy because of "things" [environment] or "himself" [personal experience], nor is he sad because of "things" or "himself". )
Example (3) Mulan Poetry
1. Buy war horses in the east, saddles in the west, reins in the south and whips in the north.
2. The general died in hundreds of battles, and the strong man returned in ten years.
3. Open my East Pavilion door and sit on my West Pavilion bed.
When the window has clouds, the mirror is yellow.
Features: Intertextuality is characterized by "preserving words and meaning", which is mainly manifested in two aspects:
First, structural characteristics: mutual province. For example, "A general dies after hundreds of battles, but a strong man returns after ten years" (Mulan's poem), and the word "strong man" is omitted at the beginning of the sentence, which separates the word "general" from the word "strong man" and complements them alternately.
Second, semantic features: complementarity. For example, "the window is lined with clouds and the mirror is painted yellow" (Mulan's poem), and Mulan faces the window, including the mirror. The two actions of "arranging" and "pasting" are carried out in the same situation and should be put together when translating.
Form: 1 Intertextuality in the same sentence. That is, intertextuality that appears in the same sentence. For example, Qin and Han dynasties are complementary. Another example is "My master has dismounted and the guest has boarded the boat", "The east boat is quiet, and the west boat is quiet", "The master forgot to go home, and the guest has to go his way", "The east dog barks at the west dog", and there is another saying "The smoke cage is cold and the water is cold, and the moon is full of sand".
Second, the intertextuality of adjacent sentences. That is, intertextuality appears in adjacent sentences. For example, in Mulan Poetry, "buy horses in the east market, saddles in the west market, reins in the south market and whips in the north market". "East City", "West City", "South City" and "North City" are intertextual, which means that they have been to many markets and bought everything they need for the war, instead of just buying one thing in a certain market. This text shows Mulan's careful preparation before joining the army.
similar
With rich imagination, writing things as adults, or writing people as things, or writing things as things, is analogy.
Making good use of analogy in writing can stimulate readers' imagination and make the article more vivid.
Analogy can be divided into personification and imitation.
Comparison is inseparable from association and imagination.
Analogy is a figure of speech formed by association and imagination according to the comparability between ontology and simulacra, so association is the bridge of analogy and imagination is the wing of analogy.
It has a strong emotional color, which is a figure of speech that the author uses his strong feelings to infect readers.
We can simply regard analogy as a combination of metaphor and personification.
synaesthesia
Synaesthesia is to communicate the feelings of different senses, which leads to the transfer of feelings through association. The application of synaesthesia skills of "writing feelings with feelings" can break through the limitations of language, enrich the aesthetic taste of expression and enhance the artistic effect of literary talent.
For example, appreciating the repetition and changing style of architecture will be associated with the repetition and changing rhythm of music;
Smelling acid will associate with sharp objects;
Hearing the ethereal and gentle concert, I think of the thin translucent tulle;
Another example is Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond, in which "the breeze sends fragrance everywhere, as if it were a faint song on a distant high building".
The most typical example: the breeze blows, sending wisps of fragrance, like a faint song from a distant building "(Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond).
Incense is the sense of smell, singing is the sense of hearing, and the author communicates the two feelings, which is synaesthesia.
Another example is "You smile sweetly", which is synaesthesia. "Sweet" is used to describe taste, but here we use words to describe taste to describe vision, which is synaesthesia.
Hui language
Transposition or upside down of the same word or sentence in the following paragraph produces the interest of beginning and end cycle, which is called palindrome, also called palindrome.
Used properly, a cycle can show the interdependence or exclusion between two things or phenomena.
Example (1): Good words are not beautiful, and no one believes them. Tao Te Ching: Eighty-one
Example (2): If you travel every day, you will come every month, and if you travel every month, you will come every day. I ching cohesive force
Example (3): non-human grinding ink grinding people.
Example (4): self-breakthrough, self-breakthrough.
Ex. (5): You need the police, and the police need you.
There are many forms of palindromes, such as "complete palindrome", "one palindrome", "two palindromes" and "this palindrome".
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Tip 1: Bright colors.
1. Be with you in spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2. Years of vitality
Start with a smile
4. Beautiful apples
5. Xiangxuehongmei
Tip 2: novel and unique
1. Farewell = a new beginning
2. pen
The Monkey King and I traveled in space together.
4. Water
5. Blackboard+chalk = chalk+blackboard = love
Tip 3: Main subtitles
……
Chapter III Structure-Clear hierarchy and exquisite conception
The fourth chapter selects materials-appropriate, vivid and profound.
The beginning of the fifth chapter-fascinating, short and bright.
The end of the sixth chapter-highlight the main idea and echo from beginning to end.
Chapter seven techniques-vivid and wonderful, beautiful writing.
Chapter VIII Feelings-True, Sincere and Touching
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First, describe the class.
Question: Can one word in a sentence be replaced by another? Why? Or: Can a sentence in the article be described as another sentence? Why?
Answer: No, because this word is vivid and specific (vivid and accurate), it will become+bad effect after being changed. Or: no, because this word has stronger feelings than another word (or this word is more suitable for the personality characteristics of the object than another word).
Ex.: There are dense forests in the mountains, in which springs are hidden. Sometimes, the spring water flashes across a bright lake in the sparse forest, and looking forward, it is no longer available. That half-exposed charming attitude reminds me that my beloved daughter often walks around my knees at home. Every time I reach out, she will run away and raise her smiling face to tease me; When I pretended to be indifferent, she ran quietly close to my waist. What a naughty boy! (Excerpted from Xie Daguang's "Dinghushan Listening to Springs")
Q: "What a naughty child", why not say "What a lovely child"?
Answer: Because "good" is more emotional than "true", "naughty" is more suitable for a daughter's personality characteristics than "cute".
Structure class
Question: Can the order of two or three words be reversed? Why?
Answer: No, because (1) does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things (from the superficial to the deep, from the surface to the inside, from the phenomenon to the essence) (2) words correspond to the above one-to-one; (3) these words are progressive, interlocking and expressive. ...
Example: "Remember: People who want to take advantage often can't take advantage!" The father pointed to the poached egg in the bowl and warned his son ... "Remember, people who want to take advantage may suffer!" The father pointed to the egg and taught his son, "Don't want to take advantage, life won't make him suffer!" " "The father said meaningfully to his son. (from poached eggs)
Q: Can the order of the words "warning", "lesson" and "meaningful" be reversed? Why?
A: No, because these three words are progressive and express the love of the father for his son.
Rhetoric category
Q: What rhetorical method is used in this sentence? What are the advantages of writing like this in expression?
Answer mode: confirming rhetorical devices+the function of rhetoric itself+combining sentence context.
1. Metaphor personification: vividly wrote+object+feature.
2. parallelism: imposing manner, strengthening tone, and doing it in one go; Spread out layer by layer, gradually expand and strengthen the theme; Emphasis+object+feature.
3. Contrast: emphasize … stand out …
4. Ask questions: arouse readers' attention and thinking about+object+characteristics.
5. rhetorical questions: emphasis, emphasis, etc. ;
6. Repetition: Emphasis+Emphasis
For example, this legend about bosom friends more than two thousand years ago has been deeply cherished in the hearts of countless Chinese descendants, and sometimes it makes a subtle sound, which makes people chew happily; Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly. Enthusiasm and longing are full of lofty friendship, what a pure and sacred sentiment. (Excerpted from the national volume "Talking about Friends" in 2002)
Q: How do you understand the sentence "Sometimes it makes a subtle sound and chews the aftertaste pleasantly"? Sometimes it growls like a hurricane, urging people to act quickly?
A: Rhetorical devices such as metaphor and analogy are used here to vividly express the aesthetic feeling and stimulating effect brought by The Legend of Companion.
Second, the question about the layout:
Question: What is the function of a sentence (paragraph) in the text?
Answer mode:
1. Preface: opening point; Take care of the problem; The full text of the general manager; Render the atmosphere and pave the way; Set suspense as the auxiliary bedding behind.
2. Text: connecting the preceding with the following; Below the general collar; Summarize the above; Echoing the previous article.
3. At the end of the article: point out the center; Sublimate feelings and deepen the theme; Take care of the beginning and have a rigorous structure; Make the finishing point; The lines are full of meaning.
I'm afraid of my father. He really hit me. Looking at him with wide eyes, he approached step by step, but did not dare to hide. He tensed his muscles and waited, so he patted him and his head buzzed ... (from Han Yu's Fear between Father and Son)
Q: Please analyze the role of the first natural paragraph (above) in the work.
Answer: (1) as a foil to write my father's love for "I" below; (2) To pave the way for writing father's fear of "I" at the end of the article; (3) Take care of the topic of "fear between father and son".
Third, the question about expression:
art
Question: What are the benefits, effects and functions of writing this article?
Answer mode: method+content+effect (or function)
For example, the trend of generations of China people traveling to the sea has its own distinct background, color and connotation, which cannot be generalized, but it is a silhouette of the ups and downs of the times and the splashing of waves in the mighty progress of history. The cohesion of national centripetal force does not depend on geographical distance. Our first generation of overseas Chinese put up with hardships and sent them abroad to have children, but they have been looking forward to China for generations and will never forget the feelings of Sangzi. They all gave generously when the motherland needed it. Hong Kong Island, from ordinary residents to owners, gentlemen, gentlemen and celebrities of Hanyuan, enthusiastically donated money to the mainland, sharing weal and woe and showing solidarity and friendship. This is a touching example.
Q: The fourth paragraph of this article (that is, the above) describes the trend of generations of descendants of the Yellow Emperor traveling far and wide, praising them for their love for Mori Zi and their generosity, which is closely related to the motherland. Please combine the complex and analyze the function and benefits of this writing.
A: Raising the local complex to the height of national cohesion has enriched and deepened the meaning of the local complex. It specifically shows that the local complex will not be diluted because of the long time (history) and the barrier of space (geography). It not only takes care of the beginning, but also deepens the theme of this article.
Personal courses
Question: What are the advantages of using this person to write? Or: Why change this person?
Answer mode: first person: cordial, natural and true, suitable for psychological description; The second person said: it is convenient for emotional communication, lyrical and anthropomorphic; The third person: it is objective and calm, not limited by time and space, and easy to describe and discuss.
For example, fantasy is fantasy after all, and closure cannot be closed. How many ghosts of princess fan came back with the sound in the moonlight. How many frost bows and arrows shoot sharp arrows and break the throat. Jimen was razed to the ground, Yantai was destroyed, and the sword whistling in the wind overturned the eyes. As a result, people found that the side wall is no longer a barrier, and the purple plug is no longer a spectacle. Become ridiculous, as if being ridiculed by time and space. Under the wind and sand erosion, it aged prematurely.
So I said, you are a symbol of cultural stupidity, the Great Wall! (Excerpted from the National Volume Great Wall in 2000)
Q: In this essay, the author mainly writes about the Great Wall in the second person. What are the advantages of this writing? (2) The third person "it" is used at the end of the sixth paragraph. What is the reason?
Answer: (1) personify the Great Wall: A. It is convenient to talk to the Great Wall and B. It is convenient to express feelings. (2) Because this sentence is based on "it was discovered", it describes the feelings of "people", rather than the author directly expressing his feelings to the Great Wall.
Four, about the main points of inductive content:
Question: Please summarize the main points of a paragraph (or full text).
Answer mode: there are three steps: the first step is to divide the level of this paragraph, the second step is to extract keywords, and the third step is to integrate answers.
My mother likes flowers, and so do I. I live in Shimen Township, and there are two small yards in front and behind, so I plant a lot of miscellaneous plants, and I will also produce many beautiful flowers according to the season. Sometimes sitting in front of the porch, sweet-scented osmanthus exudes a faint fragrance, and I feel like I am quiet and quaint. In the evening of summer, the jasmine will always bloom, and pick two or three flowers in your hand. All the memories of youth will appear in front of my eyes with its fragrance. I think, maybe I don't like flowers, but all the lost time. Behind every flower, there are my cherished memories. (Excerpted from Xi Murong's The World of Flowers)
Q: The reasons why I love flowers in this paragraph can be summarized as three points. Please summarize.
Analysis: among the four sentences, it is obvious that the first two sentences are each a layer, and the last two sentences are a layer. Then the key words such as "mother's love for flowers", "quiet and quaint" and "cherish memory" are extracted from each layer, and finally the answers are integrated.
A: (1) influenced by my mother's love of flowers. (2) Flowers make me quiet and quaint. (3) There are my cherished memories in the flowers.
5. Questions about appreciating people:
Question: Please briefly analyze the image of the hero in the article.
Answer: Answer according to the total score (total score). First, make a qualitative analysis of the whole character in one sentence, and then make a quantitative analysis from several aspects; You can also make quantitative analysis from several aspects first, and then make a qualitative summary in one sentence.
Example: The hostess soon discovered my unusual behavior, and she smelled the lampblack in the room. Immediately questioned. I was standing in the kitchen, listening to the intoxicated cries of the three brothers. I can accurately distinguish the nuances in their voices. If one of them doesn't scream, I'll concentrate. The hostess said, idiot, you don't need a range hood. Are you out of your mind? When I first worked for her, she called me "literary youth" in four words. These four words were uttered by her in authentic Beijing dialect, which was extremely vicious. Three months after I was hired, she called me an idiot. She said she didn't fire me because I didn't scare her like others did.
I motioned for her to keep her voice down and told her that there was a nest of sparrows in the chimney. They are my brothers. The hostess gave me a look from top to bottom (as if I were a monster), leaned forward and walked out of the kitchen. At the door, she squeezed out two words from her teeth-farmer. I like this name. Although equally vicious, I am really a farmer to the core. I don't think it is shameful to be a farmer. (Excerpted from Ernst & Young's Brothers in the Chimney)
Q: What kind of character is the "mistress" in the article? Please summarize it in one sentence and give examples.
A: This is the image of a city resident who despises migrant workers. For example, the word "farmer" is squeezed out through his teeth. (Or call me "literary youth" or "idiot" in an extremely vicious tone)
Explanatory reading
First, the interpretation method
1. Example: Specific image 2. Metaphor: vivid image 3. Contrast: Highlight 4. Classification: clear organization 5. Number: specific and accurate 6. Definition: scientific and accurate 7. Quote: more specific.
Two. descriptive language
1 accuracy 2 is plain and vivid
Narrative reading
A. Rhetorical methods
1. Metaphor: vivid 2. Personification: vivid image 3. Exaggeration: highlight the characteristics 4. Parallelism: emphasis 5. Rhetorical question: clear attitude and strong tone.
Two. formula
1. Narration 2. Argument 3. Lyrics 4. Description 5. describe
Novel reading
Environment description: 1. Render the atmosphere 2. Arouse emotion 3. Express task characteristics or themes 4. Promote the development of the plot.
Argumentative reading
Demonstration method
1 Example demonstration: concrete and powerful 2. Reason argument: authority 3. Metaphorical argument: vivid image 4. Comparative argument: comprehensive and profound.
The function of the sentence is: (1) leading to the full text at the beginning (2) connecting the preceding with the following (3) leading to the following (4) leading to the outline at the end.
2. Expression is a broad sense, that is, the special sentence organization used by the author in writing words and expressing thoughts and feelings. When analyzing a work, we can grasp its special performance from point to surface.
For example, expression techniques (holding objects, expressing ambition, writing scenes, lyrical narration, direct lyricism, flashback, antithesis, setting off the symbol of chess piece Zhang Xianzhi, using allusions, imagination, association, caring for feelings, setting off scenery, setting off objects, rendering reality and reality, combining positive description with direct lyricism and indirect lyricism, etc.);
Different expressions
The expressive techniques of lyric prose are rich and colorful, such as borrowing scenery to express emotion, supporting things to express emotion, combining cadence with symbolism and so on.
Narrative writing skills such as beginning and end coordination, finishing touch, clever use of rhetoric, proper details, combination of narration and discussion, positive and negative comparison, etc.
Argumentative writing skills such as quoting classics, clever analogy, reverse seeking differences, positive and negative comparison, and analogical reasoning.
Novel description, comparison, bedding and reference, suspense and interpretation, real writing and imaginary writing.
Third, the meaning of the sentence is to put this sentence in context.
Note: No matter what reading questions are, you should answer them in a way of "never leaving the mouth, never leaving the chapter", and the answer must be {sentences in the article}, because the answer is in the article, so you can't keep up with what the author said.
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First, the style is distinct. From the perspective of expression, the article is nothing more than three genres: narrative, expository and argumentative. Generally speaking, an article is not that simple, but mainly based on one expression, supplemented by other expressions. In the usual reading teaching, I always guide students to distinguish which of the three major styles this article belongs to first, and read and understand according to the characteristics of this style.
Second, grasp the elements. No matter what style, there are several elements. If we grasp its elements to understand, we will get twice the result with half the effort. It's a narrative. We can sort out the time, place, people, the cause, process and result of the event first. It is an explanatory text, and it is necessary to understand the object, characteristics, order and method of explanation; If it is argumentative, then grasp the argument, argument and argument. When grasping each element, we should quickly associate it with the content contained in each element. For example, "interpretation method" is associated with definitions, examples, metaphors and listing data ... Grasping the elements also grasps the skeleton of the article.
Third, summarize the content. In order to read an article quickly, we must learn to summarize the general idea in concise language, from two or three sentences to one sentence. It is a narrative, and we must understand what it writes and what theme it shows. It is an expository text, and it is necessary to understand the object and its characteristics; If it is an argumentative essay, it is necessary to understand the central argument and argumentation method of the article. Often the content of an article is not so single. You can find out the central sentence of each paragraph first, and then merge it, so that you will soon have a "ditch in your chest".
Fourth, analyze the structure. Just like everything has its own rules, the structure of the article is ever-changing, but there are also rules to follow. Generally speaking, "total-minute" and "minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute-minute.
Fifth, appreciate the language. Appreciation is the highest state of reading. You can start with the following points:
1. Appreciating rhetoric means appreciating the rhetorical devices used in the article, such as metaphor, personification and parallelism.
3. appreciate the words. Vivid articles can appreciate the vividness and vividness of verbs and adjectives, while plain articles can appreciate the accuracy of modification and restriction.
3. Appreciate sentences, such as discriminating affirmative sentences, negative sentences, rhetorical questions, exclamatory sentences and inverted sentences. Appreciation is difficult, and it is not appropriate to ask too much of junior high school students. Just think clearly about the meaning and function, and the answer should not be too dead, as long as it is reasonable.
In short, the cultivation of reading ability is not only the focus of Chinese teaching, but also the difficulty. As long as we persist in it for a long time, we will certainly break through the difficulties and achieve results.
Ah ~ give it to me ~ I didn't find anything?
Divide it ~