1. Experience the beauty of classical poetry through reading and tasting poetry.
2. Feel the deep affection of poetry and understand the theme of poetry.
3. Appreciate famous sentences and experience Du Fu's gloomy and frustrated poetic style.
Emphasis and difficulty of learning
Feel the deep affection of poetry and learn the creative method of blending scenes.
learning method
Reading and discussion
Knowledge link
1, poet's life: Du Fu (AD 7 12770), with beautiful words, self-named Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling and other great poets in ancient China, wrote more than 400 poems in his life. He was born in Xiangyang, Hubei. He was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province, and went to Shu after the officials left. His friend Yanwu recommended him to be a staff officer and a member of the staff department of Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, so he was later called the staff department.
Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems are about social unrest, political darkness and people's suffering. He is considered to be "concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills".
Du Fu is as famous as Li Bai, who is known as the "Great Du Li" in the world. The core of his thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has the ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hates evil, criticizes court corruption and exposes dark phenomena in social life. He sympathized with the people and even imagined that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering, so he wrote poems. Du Fu's poetic style, which runs through this main line, is basically "applying things to practical purposes", with varied language and text structure. Du Fu's poems pay attention to the influence of diction and sentence-making, which has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art since ancient times. Du Fu's realistic poems are masterpieces.
2. Background: Qiuxing No.1 and Gordon are Du Fu's later works, which were written in the first year of Dali (AD 766) and the second year of Dali (AD 767) respectively. At that time, during his one or two years in Kuizhou, the author wrote many poems handed down from ancient times in addition to Gordon and Eight Arrays. These days in Kuizhou are the harvest period of the author's creation, and also the last ray of light before the author's life comes to an end-sprinkling the last light of his life on the earth and the land he loves wholeheartedly with his life (the author died in 770 in the fifth year of Dali). Although the "An Shi Rebellion" ended three or four years ago, local warlords took the opportunity to compete for territory with each other, and the society was in chaos. He had to continue "wandering in the southwest between heaven and earth" (the first part of Yearning for Monument), struggling with the sigh of "When will he return in a year" (the second part of Jueju), the hardships of the times, the hardships of his family, personal illness and unfulfilled ambitions, all of which were like heavy clouds, and he had to use poetry to dispel the depression and sadness in his heart.
3. Common sense of ancient poetry: rhyme and couplet must be dual.
learning process
First, the accumulation of basic knowledge
(1) Mark the added words with phonetic symbols.
Wanhe () Zhu Qing () Millennium () Wang Qiang () Zhong Qing ()
Schumer () Preserves Knowledge () Pei Huan () Twilight Anvil ()
Explain the words added below.
She came out of the Purple Palace and entered the desert of Baidicheng ().
With my hundred years of sorrow, I climbed this height alone () and bad luck laid a biting frost on my temples ().
The waves between the river and the sky are rough () her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? ()
Birds fly over the clear lake and white sand beach and fly home.
Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere () Leaves fall like water from a waterfall ()
2. Poetry appreciation
Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity (Part One)
1, the first couplet, what kind of scene did Julian describe? What kind of feelings does the poet have?
How about replacing the word "hurt" in the first couplet with the word "inverted"? Please explain the reason.
3. What do the words "Cong Ju burst into tears a few days ago, and the lonely boat is the heart of hometown" express the poet's feelings?
4. How does the tail couplet "cold clothes urge knives everywhere, and Baidicheng is urgent" highlight the "hometown heart"?
Climb the balcony
5. What kind of natural scenes did the first two couplets describe? What kind of artistic conception has it created?
6. How do the neck couplet and tail couplet express the sadness in Du Fu's heart?
7. What is the similarity between this poem and Eight Poems in Autumn?
Ode to Historic Sites (3)
8. Think about this poem with comments and feelings: What is the content of this poem? Please find the words that can point out the main idea of the original text.
9. Please enjoy Wan He Jin Jingmen.
10 "Ode to Places of Interest" (Part III) praises Wang Zhaojun. What kind of emotion does it contain? What are the main expressions of the middle two couplets?
1 1. The title of "Ode to Historic Sites (III)" is "Ode to Huai", but only Wang Zhaojun's resentment is written in it, and the author's personal feelings are not expressed. Is this inconsistent with the title of Huai Shang Fu?
Dangtang detection
12. Read the following Tang poems and answer the questions:
Hate to bid farewell to Du Fu
Farewell to Los Angeles is four thousand miles away. Hu rode for five or six years, and the vegetation gradually declined. Beyond the sword, the soldiers blocked the ancient river.
Thinking of home, walking in the clear night, thinking of my brother sleeping in the clouds during the day, I heard that the river and Yang were close to winning or losing, and Stuart was anxious to break the secluded swallow.
[Note] ① This is a seven-character poem written by Du Fu in Chengdu in the first year of Shangyuan (AD 760); (2) in March, proofreader Si Tuleideng Li Guangbi broke Antaiqing at Huaizhou; In April, Shi Siming was broken in the river of Zhu Xi.
(1) Analyze the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet in this poem.
(2) Please combine specific poems, especially key words, to analyze the depressed style of Du Fu's poems.
13. Recite and write three poems from memory
Reflection and understanding
A case study of Du Fu's three poems.
1. The first couplet in the poem comes straight to the point. Yulu (White Deer), Fenglin and Qi Xiaosen, who write autumn colors, point out the support of autumn prosperity and rise because of autumn colors. It feels that the couplet "Jian Jiang" refers to the martial arts, and "Cezanne" refers to the "surge of waves in Jian Jiang" in the capital area.
2.① "withering injury" can better express sadness and sadness; (2) Only people feel sad. Therefore, the poet gave life to Yuru and Fenglin, just as Yuru and Fenglin had their own emotional voices. The poet misses his hometown and feels sad, as if Yuru and Fenglin felt the same way.
I miss my hometown. The sound of anvil is everywhere. In the evening, at the height of Baidicheng Building, it is so urgent. Women are holding rulers and scissors to make clothes for relatives outside to keep out the cold, which is the "Baidicheng". The former site is located on Baidicheng Mountain in the east of fengjie county, Sichuan Province, opposite Kuimen, and it is an "anvil of anxiety" at dusk. First put the cloth on the anvil and tamp it with a pestle to make it smooth and flat. Every autumn, family members make warm clothes for vagrants or recruiters in distant places. Therefore, the sound of beating clothes is the autumn sound of the world, which often increases the sadness of guests. In this bleak and depressing autumn scenery and twilight, the poet added more fuel to the flames, making him feel lonely and sad.
5. The first couplet * * * wrote six kinds of scenery: wind, sky, ape, Zhu, sand and bird, and described these six kinds of scenery with fourteen words: urgent, high, sad, clear, white and flying back, which were extremely concise and windy, making people feel very cold and high, reflecting the smallness of people, and mourning for apes alone and setting off. In order to find the lost bird, the poet used six kinds of scenery to create a sad atmosphere. There are only two kinds of scenery written in the jaw couplet: the fall of trees and the fall of the Yangtze River. He thinks of trees, trees and people, but he still wants to contact Du Fu's situation at this time and connect him with seeing fallen leaves. He definitely wants to be like a tree. It was his old age, and the old man had reached late autumn. Life is short, that is, Du Fu was born in 7 12 and died in 770. It should be the endless time and the endless feeling of the long river of history. "The river of no return, the waves are exhausted, and the romantic figures of the ages" connect the meanings of the two sentences in series, making them interesting and set off. The shorter a person's life, the longer the history and time. On the other hand, the longer history and time, the shorter life. "Human life" refers to a person's life.
6. Being a guest here means living in a foreign country. It means that Du Fu is wandering in a foreign country. Moreover, Du Fu was a regular visitor at this time of the war. Du Fu was a frequent visitor from the age of 48 until his death at the age of 58. 1 1 year is the eighth year he wrote this poem. What is the stage? Being on stage is the custom of the Double Ninth Festival. Why did the ancients come to power? In order to pray for a long life, the whole family went on stage together, but what about Du Fu? I am alone, and the position of the stage is usually in my hometown. Where's Du Fu? Being a guest in my hometown thousands of miles away and taking the stage in the sad autumn are already two layers of "sadness" and double sadness. Think about it, if you stack it up again, it will be six floors. Think further, Du Fu has been on stage for a hundred years. What is the most fundamental reason for Du Fu's sadness? This is a national disaster, but it is a war for many years. Because of bitterness, because of pain, because of hate, my temple is white and bitter. What does this mean? I hate it when the country is in a difficult situation. I am old, so my temples are white and bitter, which means extreme. This shows Du Fu's concern for the country and people. Du Fu wanted to contribute to the country and let go of the war, but he could not contribute to the country because of his old age and illness. It was a kind of anxiety and anger. He was in a hurry, with white hair and frosty temples. "Difficult" refers not only to national difficulties. More importantly, there are personal difficulties, because Du Fu is "a hundred years old" at this time, that is, in his later years, and he is sick all over. He estimated that he might not live long, so Du Fu's old man should think more about his hard life at this time, which is accompanied by both national disaster and personal suffering. Both of them have his worries about the country and the people. We should pay special attention to Du Fu's uniqueness for worrying about his health, that is, many intellectuals in ancient times often regarded "being rich is helpful to the world, and being poor is immune to it" as the criterion of life, but Du Fu was helping the world no matter how poor he was. Du Fu is particularly fond of drinking. This is not the first time that we can cite some examples of drinking in Du Fu's poems. "Let's sing my songs loudly, drink my wine deeply, and start my home on that green spring day." In Du Fu's poem Nine Days, there is a sentence that "Chongyang drinks a glass of wine alone and goes on stage when he is ill." Du Fu also drinks, and worries also drink. In China, it seems that only wine can express or please our feelings, and this is the Double Ninth Festival. According to custom, chrysanthemum wine should be drunk, but the elderly can't drink it because of various diseases such as lung disease. He gave up drinking because of illness, and because he was poor, he might not be able to drink, so he borrowed wine to drown his sorrows. -only at the end of the poem, in the mind of Du Fu's old man.
7. There are many similarities in writing between The First Part of Autumn is Clear and Clear, and Ascending the Mountain: First of all, both poems have a strong sadness about autumn in emotional tone. Things are transformed, which is the shame of the country. Wan Li is sad for autumn, old and sick, and all of them are filled with sorrow between the lines, making eternal sorrow. Secondly, in terms of structural disposition, the first couplet of the two poems, which overturns the scene based on emotion and the situation based on scene, shows the wonderful conception. Thirdly, the two poems are both models of orthographic poetry in terms of diction and sentence-making, and the antithesis is neat, especially in the couplets of the two poems, such as the couplets of Qiu Xing, First, Jiang Lang, the Sea of Clouds and the Sky.
Of course, there are many differences between the two poems, such as emotional expression, meter, and especially emotional tone. The sentimental atmosphere of autumn is too strong, and the realm is not as high as climbing. The poem "Autumn Prosperity" is low-key, which is expressed by "lightness" and "anger", while climbing high only points out "wind is urgent" and "sky is high"
8. resentment 9. "Thousands of valleys near Jingmen", what a magnificent picture! Mountains are rolling mountains, continuous; The water is endless, and it is common to go straight to Jingmen Mountain. However, here, the author vividly depicts the endless waters of Qian Shan with anthropomorphic techniques, with both flying and changing postures, which sets off the image of Zhaojun from the side. More than two thousand years ago, a young woman left her parents' motherland and married in a foreign country, where she spent her whole life.
10. Zhuan Xu wrote that Wang Zhaojun left the Han Palace alone, married to the desert land in the north, and never came back. Finally, he died in a foreign country, leaving only a blue grave shrouded in yellow sand, creating a sad and desolate atmosphere, which is in sharp contrast with the previous two sentences and summarizes Zhao Jun's life experience. Starting with the turning point of Zhao Jun's fate, the Necklace describes the reasons why she didn't meet each other before her death, and compares her youthful beauty with the ghosts under the moon. Between the lines, there are endless regrets: she has missed the opportunity to meet her before her death. At the same time, the poet expressed deep sympathy for Zhao Jun's lonely life when he was buried in the palace and the Great Wall, so as to express his incompetence.
1 1. The title of this poem by Du Fu is Ode to Monuments. Obviously, when he was writing to show his grievances, he entrusted his life experience and feelings of home and country. At that time, he was "wandering between heaven and earth in the southwest", and his situation was similar to that of Zhao Jun. Although he is in Kuizhou, his hometown of Luoyang Yanshi is not as far away from Wan Li as Zhaojun fortress, but "Xinhao Zhongyuan". It is still an unreachable place. He lives in Zhaojun's hometown, and only uses Zhaojun's image of missing his hometown and the soul of jathyapple to express his feelings of missing his hometown. Therefore, while expressing Wang Zhaojun's thousand-year resentment, the author also lamented Wang Zhaojun's misfortune and expressed his deep resentment. When commenting on this poem, predecessors said that Du Fu was "sad for Zhaojun. "
12.( 1) expressed the poet's exile feelings and nostalgia for his homeland and flesh and blood, and expressed his patriotic thought of putting down the rebellion at an early date. (2) The first three articles entitled Farewell and March Forward express his deep pain and anger; "Decline" and "Old Age" want to echo each other, write their own wandering and haggard, sad and depressed "homesickness" and "missing brothers", express their infinite feelings of missing their loved ones, and highlight the meaning of the title "hate farewell". The last couplet ends with a hopeful poem, and the feelings turn from sadness to joy, which shows the poet's breadth of mind. How to understand Du Fu's Sad Autumn?
Sad autumn is the traditional theme of China ancient literature. As the saying goes, "spring girls are good at raising, and autumn scholars are susceptible." Everything withers in autumn, and the frost wind is getting colder and colder, giving people a biting cold feeling. It is easy to make people feel that life is late and success is not easy, but it also makes people forge ahead and cheer up. Du Fu's sorrowful autumn is more gloomy and heavy, which blends in with the melancholy of his journey, the sadness of his home country and the emotion of his life experience.
Cooperative investigation
Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity (Part One)
1. What are the characteristics of the scenery written in the first two couplets?
2. What emotions did the last two couplets express from the scene?
"Five Poems on Historic Sites" (Ⅲ)
1, the poet deeply lamented Wang Zhaojun's life. What kind of feelings did he have?
2. Try to analyze the contrast techniques used in the middle two couplets.
Climb the balcony
1, "I came from three thousand miles away. Now with the sadness of autumn, with my sorrow of a hundred years, I climbed this height alone. " In the Southern Song Dynasty, Luo Dajing analyzed eight meanings of these two poems in He Lin Yu Lu, and five meanings were deleted here. Can you supplement it from your own understanding?
Wan Li' is far away;
Autumn', when sad;
One guest', ok;
2. Ask students to use their association and imagination to rewrite this poem into prose.
Summary:
My confusion:
Detection and integration
1, reverse operation detection
"1" Yulu withered maple forest, Wushan martial arts is extremely angry. , 。
, 。 Cold clothes push knives and rulers everywhere, and Baidicheng is anxious.
"2", and the village where the goddess of light was born and raised. She walked out of the purple palace and came to the desert.
, 。 The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness.
There is a strong wind blowing in the sky, apes are sobbing, and birds are flying home on the clear lake and white beach.
, 。
, 。
, 。
2. Take a college entrance examination.
Ouyang Xiu of Langya River in Song Dynasty
The empty mountain snow disappears and the stream rises, and tourists cross the stream and the ancient ditch.
I don't know how far the stream is, but I see flowers flowing out of the mountains.
[Note] ① This poem was written during the author's relegation to Chuzhou (now Anhui Province). The Langya River is in Langya Mountain in Chuzhou. ② chá: refers to the simple wooden bridge spliced together.
1. What pictures does this poem depict around the stream? What kind of emotion did the author express?
A:
Please analyze three or four sentences in the poem from the perspective of the combination of reality and reality.
A: