From Biography of Wang Biao in the Book of Jin.
Translation of Wang Biao's Biography
, the word uncle Wu. At the age of twenty, the sideburns and beards were all white, and people were king at that time. At first, he became an assistant writer and king of the East China Sea. Tang Bo Wang Dao said to him: "The official department intends to let you go to Shu Lang, and you are expected to be the assistant of the kings!" Wang Biao said: "The position is not high enough, so don't care, so you should serve in the current dynasty. As for super promotion, it is not what I want. " So it became a business. General Zhen Jun and Wuling Wang Sima called him Sima day after day, and moved to Zuo Cheng, Zuo Changshi, Zhong Cheng, Shi Zhong and Ting Wei, ministers.
At that time, Xie Yi, the prefect of Yongjia, killed Zhou Jiao, a native of the same county, after the emperor granted amnesty to the whole country. Zhou Jiao's cousin Zhou Qiu complained in Yangzhou. Yangzhou secretariat of Yin Hao, engaged in the arrest of Xie Yi, delivered to Tingwei. Wang Biao believes that Zhou Qiu, as the plaintiff in this case, has no title and does not belong to Tingwei's jurisdiction. He refused to accept the case and repeatedly refused with the state. Emperor Jin Mu issued an imperial edict to Wang Biao to accept the case. Wang Biao insisted on following the rules, and people compared him to Zhang Shizhi of the Western Han Dynasty. The imperial court will sacrifice to heaven in the southern suburbs. At that time, Jian Wendi was General Fu Jun, in charge of state affairs, and asked Wang Biao whether he should pardon the sinners in the world. Wang Biao replied: "Since ZTE, sacrifices in the southern suburbs have often been granted amnesty, but I don't think it is appropriate to grant amnesty. Why? People don't know what it means, they will think that there will be Amnesty in the suburbs. At this time, vicious and stupid people will be lucky again. " So Jian Wendi followed Wang Biao's advice.
Wang Biao was appointed official department minister. Jian Wendi ordered the appointment of Qu Anyuan, the order of Moling, as Jurong, and Shiro, the imperial adviser in the temple, as the order of Xiangdong County. Wang Biao firmly refused, saying, "Moling is only a third-class county. Your Highness once appointed Qu Anyuan, and public opinion was in an uproar. Jurong is close to Beijing, and it is a third-class county. How can you give it to an incompetent mediocrity who confuses people with divination? Although Xiangdong County is remote and narrow, there is no such person as Xi Lang in all previous buffer regions, and public opinion will think that Xi Lang is good at divination before he can be promoted. Your Highness, if you use those poor and humble people in an unconventional way, you should choose those who are useful. Xi Lang and others are mediocre talents and are not qualified for this position. "
Wen wanted to hold a Northern Expedition, but the imperial court repeatedly refused. Huan Wen angrily left Beijing for Wuchang, and he was shocked by human feelings. Yin Hao was dismissed, and Wang Biao said to Jian Wendi, "This is not for your highness, but for yourself. If Yin Hao leaves his post and retires, the imperial court will be heartbroken and the son of heaven will be helpless. At that time, who should bear the responsibility, not your highness? " He also said to Yin Hao, "Huan Wen will bear the brunt if it refuses. At this point, suspicion has formed. If you want to be a common people to avoid disaster, where may it be? The only way is to wait calmly. Please ask Prime Minister Wang Huiji to write a personal letter to Huan Wen, expressing sincerity and stating the success or failure. Huan Wen will definitely withdraw. If you don't obey, give him a letter from the emperor. If you don't obey orders again, you will be punished by the teacher of justice. Panic for no reason will bring bad consequences. " David moses said: "Major decisions are difficult. The last few days have been very annoying. After listening to some plans, my thoughts suddenly became clear. " Huan Wen also obeyed the emperor's orders, so he did not invade or approve.
At that time, there were more and more court officials and frequent movements. On the top of the mountain in Wang Biao, they talked about it:
The way to govern the country is to select talents as the first priority. Don't think that those polite officials in the Qing Dynasty are just a sign. The official should help the world, do his duty and worry about the world. The selection of talents lies in seeing him as an official; To be an official, it must last for a long time; If a hundred officials do their duty for a long time, the world will be enlightened and successful. Therefore, once every three years, the performance appraisal will be upgraded three times. I don't want to gain something at once, and I don't expect to build a reputation in a short time. Therefore, the talents of great sages will be able to unite with Beidou, and their wind will spread far and wide, and their reputation will last forever. There are many mediocre people, few talents, few talents in the world and many court officials. How can we not confuse the wise with the foolish? Many officials are dereliction of duty, and many officials who are dereliction of duty act quickly. Later, they exchanged body double with each other, not intentionally, but naturally. This is the reason why the system of awarding officials is not perfect and the atmosphere of the court is unclear. Perfecting the appointment system of officials lies in reducing officials; Clarifying the ethos of the imperial court lies in the merger position. The reduction of officials facilitates the fair selection of talents and can serve for a long time. The combination of positions can make personnel simple and customs quiet; Fair selection of talents can make talented people do their best in their posts and jobs for a long time, and even people with medium talents can achieve something.
Now some official positions inside and outside the imperial court should have been merged or abolished a long time ago. The position of six ministers is often too prestigious and powerful, but it is of great significance and simple affairs. There are few things under the jurisdiction of Zong Zheng, which can be merged into Taichang. The responsibility of defending the imperial court is borne by the guards in the East Palace and the West Palace, followed by Xiaoqi and Zuo Jun. All military schools without soldiers should be abolished. If the Fourth Army is abolished, the name of the Left Army cannot be established separately, and guerrilla warfare should be established to deal with Xiao Qi. Under the old system, there were four internal affairs officers in the imperial court, and there were only two in the early days of ZTE. Sometimes, two people are not careful when performing their duties. I don't think it's wrong to handle things with three people. The remaining officials, regardless of actual affairs, can be assigned to competent officials according to their abilities. If these positions cannot be abolished immediately, they can be reduced if they become vacant. Defining the responsibilities of serving officials and guiding them to make achievements, whether they are talented or not will be revealed by examining their achievements, and whether they are good or bad will be clear at a glance as they advance and retreat. Although we can't live an enlightened and prosperous life like Yao and Shun, it is still possible to make the election of officials generally fair, to serve for a relatively long time, to waste the salary of the court and to simplify the cumbersome chores of the court.
In the last years of Yonghe (356), there were many infectious diseases. According to the old practice, if there are infectious diseases in the family of North Korean ministers and there are more than three people in the family, even if they are not ill, they will not be allowed to enter the palace for 100 days. At this time, civil and military officials often said that family members were sometimes sick and did not enter the parliament. Wang Biao went on to say, "In the year of plague, there was not a family that was not infected. If you don't enter the palace because of this, I'm afraid there won't even be a page, and the palace will be empty. " The court listened to Wang Biao's suggestion.
Soon Chang 'an people, such as Lei Xiaoer and Liang An, lied that they had killed Fu Jian and asked Jin to send troops to meet them. At that time, Yin Hao was guarding Shouyang, and he led his troops to Luoyang to build the imperial tomb. When Wang Biao came home sick, he wrote a letter to Jian Wendi, pointing out that Wei Lei's son and other signs might be fraudulent, and david moses should not act rashly. Soon, it was discovered that Lei Wei was cheating, Yao Xiang rebelled, and Yin Hao was defeated and retreated to Qiaocheng. Jian Wendi smiled and said to Wang Biao, "It is as you say. Recently, the first step plan is accurate, Liang He how to surpass you! "
Wang Biao's new position as a leading general touched the ministers' shooting, which was not caused by illness. Move too often, Chongde Gong Weiwei. At that time, someone said to Jian Wendi: "The reorganization of the teaching staff in Wuling Palace No.1 Middle School will be tortuous." Jian Wendi asked Wang Biao. Wang Biao said, "King Wuling's interest lies in riding and hunting. Please calm down and listen to different opinions. " Someone told Jian Wendi the same view as Wang Biao, and Jian Wendi was very happy.
Wang Biao was appointed as the minister's servant. At that time, the secretariat of Yuzhou Xie Yi died, so Jian Wendi asked Wang Biao to recommend a person to replace Xie Yi. Wang Biao replied: "Today's talents are all selected by people with taste." Jian Wendi said, "Someone recommended Huan Yun. What do you think? " Wang Biao said: "Huan Yun may not be incompetent, but Huan Wen is in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, occupying half of the country, and his brother is guarding Xifan, and the military power is in the palm of his hand. This is by no means a way to consolidate the court. People's talents cannot be measured in advance, but it is good to select talents who are not against your highness. " Jian Wendi said, "You are right."
Later, the imperial court appointed Wang Biao as the general of the town army. Considering the literature and history, he was added as a regular servant of the Sanshui. After living in Huiji County for eight years, those powerful and lawless people gradually disappeared, and more than 30,000 fugitives returned. Huan Wen protected his aunt and threatened the son of heaven with power. Officials from all sides are afraid of him and send senior officials or principals to see him and give gifts. Only one person said, "Fu is really rich. Since there is a prime minister in the court, when the action stops, you should inform the prime minister of the court and discuss with him. Respect fu. If you send the master book, what higher etiquette is there to pay tribute to the son of heaven? " I didn't send anyone to see me. Huan Wen accused Shanyin County of failing to pay taxes equivalent to cloth, grain and rice on time, while Huiji County refused to impeach and report. Wang Biao was relieved from his post in the above table. When Wang Biao left Huiji County, he pardoned and released all prisoners who were convicted in the county but did not report to the state capital. Huan Wen took this as a crime again, and sent Wang Biao to the prison van. It coincides with Amnesty, impunity and demotion to minister.
Soon, Wang Biao also became a servant of Shangshu. At this time, Huan Wen was preparing to scrap the Haixi Palace, and the officials were terrified. Huan Wen is emotional, too. They don't know what to do. Knowing that Huan Wen wanted to be emperor, Wang Biao said to Huan Wen, "Huan Gong should set an example for the past." Said it was a biography of Huo Guang. Etiquette and statutes are formulated in an instant, fearless. Huan Wen sighed: "Shouldn't it be like this as an assistant minister!" At that time, it didn't take long for the ceremony to be abolished, and no one in the court knew about the former code. Wang Biao's expression is decisive. He stands straight in official clothes. He drew up all the civil and military etiquette, so all the officials in the imperial court admired him. Huan Wen also decided to abolish the statue of Wuling Wang Sima as a symbol of Wang Biao. Wang Biao said, "King Wuling's closest relatives are respectable, and there is no great sin. We can't dismiss him just because of suspicion. Duke Huan helped establish the son of heaven and surrendered himself far and near. He should respect and reward members of the royal family and be a contemporary Yi Yin and Duke of Zhou. Such a big thing should be carefully considered. " Huan Wen said, "That's settled. Don't say anything more. "
After Jian Wendi's death, court officials were confused and afraid to adopt an heir. Some people say that Fu should handle it. Wang Biao said seriously, "The son of heaven died and the prince succeeded to the throne. How to change fu? If you ask for instructions first, you will be scolded by Fu. " So it was agreed that the prince would succeed to the throne. When Emperor Xiaowu ascended the throne, the Empress Dowager ordered Huan Wen to represent the Duke of Zhou, because he was in mourning at a young age. Things have been implemented, saying, "This is an extraordinary event, and Fu will definitely decline it politely. Doing so will delay the handling of state affairs, delay the construction of the imperial tomb, and dare not give orders. Please ask the queen mother to take back her life. " So Huan Wen's regency fell through.
Huan Wen was ill, so he suggested that the court give him nine tin. Justin designed a game table for him and showed it to Wang Biao. After reading the letter, Wang Biao praised his beautiful writing and said to Justin, "I am a very talented person. How can I show this performance to others? " At that time, Xie An looked at his watch and repeatedly asked Justin to change the content. Justin hesitated. After repeatedly postponing the date, I asked Wang Biao for advice. Wang Biao said, "I heard that Huan Wen's illness is getting worse every day, and it won't last long. Let's just drag it. " Justin listened to Wang Biao's advice. Huan Wen soon died of illness.
At that time, Xie An and Huan Chong * * * assisted in state affairs. Xie An believes that the new minister of Fuguo was lost, and the son of heaven was too young to be in charge of government affairs. The queen mother should face the court and listen to politics. Wang Biao said, "The first dynasty was the previous generation, and the son of heaven was in his infancy, and the mother and son were one, so he was allowed to listen to politics. The queen mother can't decide politics either. After all, she just asked the stupid minister and the first step. Now the son of heaven is more than ten years old, close to the age of wedding and coronation ceremony. Let his cousin attend the court to show that the son of heaven is young and weak. Is this loyalty and support? These two butchers must do this, and I can't stop them. What I regret is the overall situation of the country. " At that time, Xie An didn't want to hand over the power of assistance to Huan Chong, so she let the Queen Mother listen to the government, and all the government decisions were made by herself. Wang Biao didn't understand Xie An's intention, so he said these words. Xie An resolutely refused.
Soon, Wang Biao was promoted to secretary, and Xie An was in charge of state affairs. Xie An often said: "If people can't make a decision on major issues in the DPRK, they should consult the governors." Wang Biao asked to resign on the grounds of old age, but was rejected by imperial edict. He was replaced by a general to protect the army, and he was added as an ordinary waiter. Xie An intends to rebuild the palace. Wang Biao said: "At the beginning of ZTE, the first emperor ascended the throne in Jiangdong, which was extremely humble. Yuan Di and Ming Di have never changed their organizational systems. When Su Jun rebelled, Emperor Cheng did not sit in Lantai, so it was difficult to avoid the cold and heat, so he built a palace. Compared with the Han and Wei dynasties, it is definitely narrow and frugal, but it is not shabby, and it is roughly between luxury and simplicity. Now we just need to fix it according to the situation. It's time to stop fighting and train scholars before the bandits are eliminated. How can we build large-scale projects and disturb the people? " Xie An said: "The palace is either rich or luxurious, and future generations will say that today's people are incompetent." Wang Biao said: "To shoulder the heavy responsibility of the world, we should focus on national affairs and be fair and clear politically. How can you build a house? " Xie An can't change his mind. Therefore, before Wang Biao's death, Jinshi Palace was never rebuilt.
The imperial court named Wang Biao as Doctor Guanglu and the Third Division of Medical System, which was not accepted by Wang Biao. When he was seriously ill, Emperor Xiaowu sent assistant minister Huang Men to inquire about his illness and gave him 300,000 yuan to prescribe good medicine. In the second year of Taiyuan (377), Wang Biao died at the age of 73. The imperial court honored Dr. Guanglu and posthumous title. Wang Biao has two sons: the eldest son, Wang Yue, joined the army to help the army; The second son, Wang Linzhi, was the prefect of Dongyang.