The poetic style of Yuanhe is as follows:
It is believed that the new style of writing and poetry that became popular after Yuanhe was created by Han Yu and other famous writers of Yuanhe, so it is always called Yuanhe body.
The Tang Dynasty (618-907) was the heyday of my country's feudal society, and it was also a period of transition from prosperity to decline. After the founding of the Tang Dynasty, after more than a hundred years of recuperation and economic development, between Kaiyuan and Tianbao, the country became powerful, politically clear, economically prosperous, and culturally developed, and became a powerful feudal empire. At that time, it was one of the centers of world economics, trade, and cultural exchanges. one.
At the same time, various internal and external conflicts are also growing secretly. However, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty favored Concubine Yang Guifei and Gao Lishi. He entertained and traveled every day, left the government affairs to Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong, and pampered the ambitious Anlu Mountain. ) broke out the Anshi Rebellion, which became a turning point in the Tang Dynasty and even the entire Chinese feudal society from prosperity to decline.
After that, although there were "Yongzhen Reform", "Yuanhe Zhongxing" and "Huichang Zhongxing", they were short-lived. The political problems of the middle and late Tang Dynasty were the separatist rule of vassal towns, eunuchs taking over power, and clique fighting ( Later, it evolved into a dispute between eunuchs and court officials (the dispute between eunuchs and vassal towns), but it became more and more intense, and the people were in dire straits, which finally led to the Huangchao Uprising in the Qianfu period of Yizong. Although the uprising was suppressed, the Tang Dynasty soon perished.
The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were the "era of literary self-consciousness", while the Tang Dynasty was the era of maturity and prosperity of our country's classical literature. Tang poetry represents the highest achievement of Tang Dynasty literature and Chinese classical poetry; ancient prose is another peak of prose creation after the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties; Tang legends were born out of the legends and monsters of the Six Dynasties and evolved into truly formed classical Chinese novels; Ci and Bianwen, They are two emerging literary styles in the Tang Dynasty.
(1) Writers and works of the Tang Dynasty
The characteristics, ideological status, and cultural literacy of writers depend on the development of the social economy, politics, culture, etc. at that time and level determine the style and characteristics of literature to a large extent.
Characteristics of writers. In the Tang Dynasty, the emerging literati who came from common people landowners replaced the gentry and wealthy families of the Six Dynasties as the main body of writers, liberating literature from the monopoly of the palace and aristocrats, and moving towards society and the market. This was a major change in the literature of the Tang Dynasty. It is also an important reason for the prosperity and development of literature in the Tang Dynasty.
The Tang Dynasty implemented the land equalization system and the rent-to-tax system in the economy. After the first year of Jianzhong (780), the two-tax law was implemented. The manorial economy prevalent in the Six Dynasties was relatively weak in the Tang Dynasty. The power of the gentry landowners who were parasitic on the manorial economy was weakened, while the power of the common landowners rose rapidly.
In politics, Emperor Taizong and Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, in order to suppress the wealthy noble families and improve their own status, ordered several times to determine the ranking according to the current official rank and rebuild the clan genealogy. Scholars were also selected through the imperial examination system. In addition to the Ming Dynasty, Jinshi was tested on poems and poems. "Scholarships are competing for prestigious places, and they are diligent in the rhythm of work. The prosperity of poetry is particularly important." (Volume 27 of Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin Gui Sign") This is the political stage for the common landowners and the entry for the middle and lower class literati. Career career creates conditions.
Compared with the court literati of the Six Dynasties, the middle- and lower-class literati of the Tang Dynasty lived a much broader world, had much richer experiences, and had a much deeper understanding of social reality and the sufferings of the people. The strength and unity of the country and the frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries have greatly expanded their horizons.
Many people either took the exam or roamed, traveling all over the country, including famous mountains and rivers. Many people went to the frontier fortress and some joined the army. They were full of positive and enterprising spirit in politics, and some even participated in reforms, consciously used poetry and prose to expose current ills, and intervened in government affairs. This made the literature of the Tang Dynasty greatly surpass its predecessors in the depth and breadth of reflecting reality.
In literature and art, it became a common practice for literati in the Tang Dynasty to reward each other, exchange ideas, and learn from each other's strengths. Such as Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin and Luo Binwang in the early Tang Dynasty; Chen Ziang, Shen Quanqi and Song Zhiwen; Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Li Bai and Du Fu in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: Li Hua, Xiao Yingshi, Dugu Ji; Liu Changqing and Wei Yingwu in the middle Tang Dynasty: Yuan Zhen, Bai Juyi, Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Wen Yunting, Li Shangyin, etc. all had creative exchanges and inspirations, which played a role in the formation of schools and the prosperity of Tang Dynasty literature.
The writer’s ideological state. The politics of the Tang Dynasty were relatively open, and some monarchs were able to accept advice from talented people and open up their voices. Therefore, various social trends of thought were active, literati were open-minded and had fewer taboos.
They dared to ridicule the emperor and expose current ills, but rulers generally did not punish crimes with words