Europe and America, at least now, for a short time, can't. See Pound's understanding and imitation of China's poems. As a westerner who has deeply studied China's poems, Pound's understanding of China's poems is still full of loopholes and bizarre, which others can imagine. However, in the last hundred years since Pound, the western research on China's poems has not made qualitative progress.
Foreigners can understand Kunqu Opera and Peking Opera because body language and eyes are symbols of human communication, but words are not.
By the way, I don't think China people can understand all or most foreign modern poems. Most people in China don't even have the most basic understanding of the western stylistic boundaries and features.