Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry and metrical poetry, is a genre that pays attention to metrical, antithesis and rhyme in Chinese poetry. In order to distinguish it from classical poetry, it has the name of modern style. Refers to another poetry genre formed after the early Tang Dynasty.
Modern poetry has strict requirements on the number, number of words and rhyme of sentences, and pays attention to levels and levels. Famous representative poets are: Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Shangyin, Lu You, etc. It occupies an important position in the history of China's poetry development and has made outstanding contributions to the study of history and culture.
Name of the work
"Modern Style" Poetry
region
China
Another name
Modern poetry or metrical poetry?
trait
There are strict restrictions on the number of sentences, words and even words and rhymes.
classify
Seven laws, five laws, seven unique, five unique.
quick
navigate by water/air
correlation analysis
concept
Modern poetry is also called "modern poetry". Poetic style name. The generic terms of metrical poems and quatrains formed in the Tang Dynasty are relative to classical poems. There are strict rules on the number of sentences, the number of words, and even the words and rhymes. The word "modern poetry" was very popular in China in the Ming Dynasty. For example, Dong Qichang's "Preface to Yuan Boying's Poems" in the Ming Dynasty said: "This autumn, Boying (Yuan Shu, son of Yuan Keli) sent a modern poem, which was a preface to Suiyang.
kind
Viewpoint 1: Modern poetry includes quatrains (five words and four sentences, seven words and four sentences), metrical poems (five words and eight sentences, seven words and eight sentences) and metrical poems (more than ten sentences), which are based on the meter of metrical poems. The meter of quatrains is half a poem. Parallelism is an extension of metrical poetry.
Viewpoint 2: Modern poetry includes quatrains (four quatrains for each quatrain, five quatrains abbreviated as five quatrains and seven quatrains abbreviated as seven quatrains). ), metrical poems (generally eight sentences each, five words are abbreviated as five laws, seven words are abbreviated as seven laws, and more than eight sentences are called long laws or excluded laws. )。
trait
The most basic meter includes: number of words, number of sentences, level tone, rhyme, antithesis (antithesis is not necessary for quatrains), and there are three main points:
1, each sentence should be flush, the two sentences connected together should be flush, and the sentences connected together should also be flush, that is, "the sentences are flush, they are relative when connected, and they are glued together";
2. Except for the first pair and the second pair, the couplets in the middle must be couplets;
Generally speaking, the rhyme must be synchronized with the rhyme of Pingyi.
relevant knowledge
Basic lattice
First of all, the five wonders
Type one
⊙ Flat and flat, flat and flat. (rhyming) flat, flat, flat. (rhymes)
Example poem: Wang Bo in the mountains
The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li's thoughts will return. It's a crisp autumn night, and yellow leaves are flying in the mountains.
Type 2
Flat, (rhyme) ⊙ flat. (Rhyme) Ping, Ping, Ping. (rhymes)
Type 3
⊙ Ping, Ping, Ping. (Rhyme) ⊙ Flat, ⊙ Flat. (rhymes)
Example poem: Wei Chengqing, returned to the south.
Wan Li people go south, and geese fly north in spring. I don't know when, but I must go back with you.
Type 4
⊙ is flat, (rhyme) flat. (Rhyme) ⊙ Flat, ⊙ Flat. (rhymes)
Example poem: Lu Lun, the next song.
In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow. Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone.
Second, the five laws
Type one
⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme). ⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme).
⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme). ⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme).
Poetry Example: Farewell to Friend Li Bai
There is a blue mountain range to the north of the city wall, and white water surrounds the lonely city. Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away.
Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic. With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.
Type 2
Ping ⊙ Ping (rhyme), Ping (rhyme). ⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme).
⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme). ⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme).
Example poems: Li Shangyin, Sun Yat-sen.
A person lives in seclusion, overlooking the city, spring is gone, summer is clear. The grass was drowned by the rain and finally got the love of God. The rain was sunny.
Another bookshelf was added back, and the small window was bright. Birds' nests have been dried, and their bodies are light again.
Type 3
⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme). ⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme).
⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme). ⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme).
Example poem: Looking at Du Fu in Spring
Chang' an fell, the country was broken, and only the mountains and rivers remained; Spring has come, and the sparsely populated Chang' an city is densely forested. Sad state, can not help but burst into tears, amazing birds, leaving sorrow and hate.
The war lasted for more than half a year, and letters from home were rare, with a hundred thousand gold. Twisting with melancholy, scratching my head and thinking, the more I scratch my white hair, I can hardly insert a hairpin.
Type 4
⊙仄仄is flat (rhyme), and flat is flat (rhyme). ⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme).
⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme). ⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme).
Example poem: Wang Wei of Zhong Nanshan
Its huge height is close to the city of heaven, from the mountain to the corner of the sea. The white clouds merged behind, and the blue mist melted into the mountains and disappeared.
The central mountain peaks separate the southwest, and the valleys are different. Want to find a house to live in the mountains, is it convenient for the water guide to ask the woodcutter?
Three or seven wonders
Type one
Stand up, the first sentence doesn't rhyme.
Ping, ping, ping. (rhyming) even and plain. (rhymes)
Example: The southern tour made Gong Dou prosperous.
I asked about the past sadly, but I saw the river flowing backwards. At dusk, the east wind and spring grass are green, and the partridge flies to Yuewangtai.
Type 2
Stand up and rhyme with the first sentence.
⊙ Ping ⊙ Ping, (rhyme) ⊙ Ping, Ping. (rhyming) even and plain. (rhymes)
Ex: Go to Wang Changling.
It is still the moon and border pass in Qin and Han dynasties, and the enemy has fought a protracted war. If Wei Qing, who attacked Longcheng, and Li Guang, the flying general, were alive today, the Huns would not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
Type 3
The first sentence doesn't rhyme.
⊙仄仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 仄 (Rhyme) ⊙ Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping. (rhymes)
Example poem: I thought of my brother Wang Wei in Shandong when I was on holiday in the mountains.
I am a lonely stranger in a strange land, and I miss my family more often during the holidays. When I think of my brothers' bodies climbing high, I will feel a little regret for not being able to reach me.
Type 4
Just a hint, the first sentence rhymes.
⊙仄仄仄仄, (rhyming) ⊙仄仄仄. (Rhyme) ⊙ Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping Ping. (rhymes)
Example poem: Join the army and go to Wang Changling.
There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and the broken loulan will not be returned!
Four or seven laws
Type one
⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
Example poem: Hakkas to Du Fu
The north and south of the thatched cottage are all springs, and the flock of gulls flew in. The old lady didn't sweep the flower path for the guests. Today, it's only for you. Chai Men hasn't opened it for you yet, but it will open it for you today.
Too far from the city, too far from good food, too thin family background, only old wine. Shall we call my old neighbor to join us, call him through the fence and empty the jar? .
Type 2
⊙⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
Example poem: Move to the left to Languan to show my nephew Xiang Hanyu.
A letter is typed in the sky, and eight thousand in Chaozhou Road in the evening. If you want to eliminate disasters for saints, you are willing to decline and cherish the old.
Where is the home of Yunheng Qinling? The heavy snow hindered the horse's progress. Knowing that you came all the way, you should have done it on purpose so that I could collect the bones by the river.
Type 3
⊙仄⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄 (rhyming). ⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
⊙仄⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄 (rhyming). ⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
Example poem: Ode to Du Fu, a historic site.
Zhuge Liang's name will remain in the world forever, and his portrait is lofty and respectable. In order to plan the strategy of the world, generations seem to be Luan Feng's Luan Feng.
Yi Yin and Lv Shang are neck and neck, and their command of military operations is calm, which makes Xiao He Cao Can far behind. The succession of the Han dynasty was due to luck. Although Zhuge Liang was difficult to revive, he was determined and devoted himself to the busy military.
Type 4
⊙仄flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme), ⊙仄flat (rhyme). ⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
⊙仄⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄 (rhyming). ⊙⊙仄⊙仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄仄.
Example Poetry: Climbing a Mountain (Author: Du Fu)
The wind is fast and high, the ape cries sadly, and the birds are circling in the white sand. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably.
Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged.
Note: ⊙ means OK [1]
Flat tone
First of all, distinguish the four tones and the flat tones of Chinese characters.
The ancients divided Chinese characters into four tones according to the level of pronunciation and the rapid rise and fall, while Qing included three tones: up, down and into. The ancient tone of entering tone has basically disappeared in Putonghua. There are many dialects in the south of modern China that still keep entering tone. For example, in the dialects of Shanghai and Guangdong, it is easy to distinguish the entering tone characters such as "Yi, Di" from the flat tone characters such as "Yi, Low". However, if you are a friend of the north, I'm afraid you need to learn and master it slowly.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Second, the characteristics of the alternation of flat and flat in regular poems.
I understand what a level tone is, and now I begin to explain the level tone of metrical poems. Some metrical books list what is "flat and even", which makes beginners dizzy at first sight. To put it bluntly, it is the principle of flat and even alternation. How to alternate? Please listen to me slowly.
Generally speaking, in a seven-character sentence, there must be a gap between the flat lines of the second, fourth and sixth words (for example, the second word is flat, the fourth word is flat, and the sixth word is flat, and vice versa). )
In addition to the first two characters, the five characters in the near body are equivalent to seven characters in the near body, and the alternation of seven characters and five characters is also very clear.
Remember to stick to the meter again:
1, yes, the antithesis sentence (that is, the last sentence) and its sentence (that is, the last sentence) of each couplet must be opposite on the level tone. If the 246 words in the first sentence are flat, such as "Gushan Temple is north of Jiating West", then the 246 words in the second sentence must be flat, such as "the water level is flat and the cloud foot is low".
2, sticky, we are used to dividing eight rhyming sentences into four.
To sum up, the key to mastering the various forms of flat and level forms of modern poetry is to determine the flat and level form of the first sentence. But the first sentence is easy to determine, so the flat format of modern poetry is not mysterious and easy to master. The key is to make use of the characteristics of modern poetry's alternation of flat and flat, and adhere to the meter. In the past, some people thought it was a lie to recite, or they didn't matter. In fact, as long as you master the rules mentioned above, you will know all the standards of modern poetry, so you won't forget and make mistakes.
It is wrong to say in general that "one, three and five don't matter, and two, four and six are distinct". This question is a bit complicated. Let's talk in another space.
First, remember that in any case, it can be flat and informal, and it can only be the first word of every sentence in the seven-character modern poem.
rhyme
Qieyun, written by Lu in Sui Dynasty, classifies words with the same rhyme and tone, and words of the same kind can rhyme, that is, one rhyme part has 206 rhymes. In the Tang Dynasty, it was stipulated that near rhyme could be used together. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Liu Yuan, a Pingshui person, combined rhyme, which was reduced to 107, and later generations to 65438+.
The rhyme position (rhyme foot) of modern poetry is fixed, and 2468 sentences and 24 quatrains must rhyme (whether the quatrains rhyme or not); The ending must rhyme, generally flat (rhyming poems are too few, omitted). This is the basic rhyme.
Lu you
The rhyme of modern poetry is very strict. Except for the first sentence, adjacent rhymes are generally not allowed, and even narrow rhymes with few words cannot rhyme.
If contemporary people want to use new rhymes, they can input them in Putonghua. It's best not to read some new rhyme books that put "emotion and likeness" together.
contrast
biographical notes
Generally speaking, antithesis refers to a couplet in modern poetry (in fact, antithesis developed from modern poetry). The antithesis can be divided into two types: strict work, height and width of the building to the heartbeat. Generally speaking, there is not much absolute right between merit and tolerance, and the antithesis of regular poems is mostly half-effective and half-wide sentences, such as "blush" and "heartbeat". Both "face" and "heart" are body parts, which can be regarded as work, but "red" and "jump" are adjectives and verbs, which are at best lenient, so such a pair is a half-hearted pair.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Ancient Chinese has no part of speech. So duality mainly depends on meaning and structure. Some beginners always like to look at the part of speech of antithesis. When they find that a part of speech is wrong, they immediately call it wrong. This is ridiculous. In spring, silkworms will weave until they die, and every night, candles will dry the wick. What part of speech is "death"? What part of speech is "ash"?
Contradictory subdivision
If the antithesis is subdivided, there are work pairs, borrowing pairs, slapping faces and running water.
Workers' pairs, parts of speech and sentence patterns are all opposite. It is the most basic form of antithesis in orthographic poetry, which has been introduced above!
Borrowing power means borrowing sound and meaning.
For example, in the first couplet "Three Villages in the Western Hills are white, and the long bridge in the South Lake shines", the words "white" and "green" in Du Fu's Seven Laws "Wang Ye" are not a pair, but the words "green" and "green" are homophonic, but "alone but long" are ancient units of length, and eight feet are the same. In this sense, "ordinary" contains the concept of number. Of course, this does not involve changing poetry. The former borrows "sound" and the latter borrows "meaning", both of which are borrowed.
"Modern Style" Poetry
Running water pair means that the relationship between two opposing sentences is not antagonistic, but the same meaning is continuous, just like running water is inseparable, but it is still relative in part of speech and structure. For example, "But you broadened your horizons by going up a flight of stairs for 300 miles" and "Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, come up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" It's a typical flow. Yeah. Note: running water pairs often appear in the tail connection.
The above introduces the basic meter of modern poetry, and the attitude towards meter should be: admit meter, master meter, and break through meter for ideological content when necessary. Only in this way can poetry serve me and become the master of poetry.
Generally speaking, the couplets and necklaces of metrical poems must be antithetical sentences, and the arrangement of rhymes must be antithetical sentences except the first and second couplets. In metrical poems, especially in the five laws, sometimes antithesis is not opposite, which belongs to the unique style of metrical poems and should not be advocated. But there are also couplets, such as Du Fu's "Spring Watch" and "A leopard cannot change its spots". There are also couplets, such as Du Fu's poems. There are also all opposites, such as Du Fu's "Ascending the Mountain" (apes whimper in the high wind). The quatrains do not require antithesis originally, but there are also antitheses, such as Du Fu's Eight Arrays (The Three Kingdoms are divided, which has been bound by his greatness, and the Eight Faces Fortress is built on his fame) and all antitheses, such as Du Fu's quatrains (Two orioles sing green willows).
Du Fu's poems are the most skillful, so it is suggested that poets start with Du Fu's poems. If the antithesis of modern poetry is used well, it can make poetry colorful. However, excessive pursuit of the neatness of confrontation will inevitably bind the mind, which should be treated correctly and not neglected.
Loneliness and helplessness
Gu Ping aims at two kinds of rhyming sentences, namely, seven-character "flat and even" and five-character "flat and even". If you change the third word of the above seven-character sentence and the first word of the five-character sentence into a hyphen, you will be lonely. Loneliness is the word "life" of loneliness. Because after the change, in addition to the word "rhyme" in these two sentences, there is only one flat word, called "Gu Ping". There are only two sentences that can make you feel lonely.
The rhyming sentence pattern of five-character "Yi Yi Ping" is doomed to have only one flat sound word except rhyme, and it is not committed by someone, so it is not in the category of committing loneliness.
Loneliness is the taboo of modern poetry, and it can't be violated unless it is absolutely necessary. In order to avoid loneliness, the third word of the seven-character sentence and the first word of the five-character sentence in the above two sentences must be flat. If we need to use the word "silence" in the actual process of writing poetry, we need to "save" in order to avoid loneliness, which is generally called loneliness. The so-called loneliness is hard to save, which means that when you have to be lonely, you can remedy it with awkward sentences that do not conform to the law of leveling, so as to avoid loneliness. The specific way is to change the fifth word of the seven-character sentence and the third word of the five-character sentence into a flat voice, which becomes an awkward sentence, but avoids loneliness.
Lipper
Besides loneliness, there are two common forms of ineffectiveness of metrical poetry. One kind of sentence is called abnormal sentence, that is, the fifth word and the sixth word in the flat even sentence are interchanged to make it (flat even). If it is five words, just remove the first two words, and the method of saving the world is the same as seven words.
In addition, there is a common difficulty in preservation (the famous example is "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, with many terraced fields in the misty rain" (eighty in ancient times). Five words are used in the same way as seven words. The famous example is "wildfire never completely devours them, but they grow taller in the spring breeze."
Sometimes, this rescue method can be used together with the loneliness mentioned above, because in the sentence pattern of (ping, ping, ping, ping), if the fifth word is changed to a flat voice, then the ping and ping of the third word will not matter. Hehe, so this fifth word is really a treasure. As long as you use a flat voice, you can pronounce five or six words of the sentence and the third word of the sentence at will.
Shen Yue
In addition, there is a particularly awkward body, that is, three tails. That is to say, in the sentence pattern of (Ping-even), the third word is changed to Ping-even sound, which becomes (Ping-even). This embarrassing style can't be saved, but it can be seen more in the poems of the Tang Dynasty, such as Lao Du's "Next to the vicissitudes of life, the rock breaks like his sorrow".
It is better to use it as little as possible today.
Note: 246-word rhyming sentences must be clear. Except for the isolated words mentioned above, all the examples of being rescued by rhyming are rhyming sentences. Modern poetry [j ? n t ǐ sh:]
Modern poetry, also known as modern poetry and metrical poetry, is a genre that pays attention to metrical, antithesis and rhyme in Chinese poetry. In order to distinguish it from classical poetry, it has the name of modern style. Refers to another poetry genre formed after the early Tang Dynasty.
Modern poetry has strict requirements on the number, number of words and rhyme of sentences, and pays attention to levels and levels. Famous representative poets are: Li Bai, Du Fu, Li Shangyin, Lu You, etc. It occupies an important position in the history of China's poetry development and has made outstanding contributions to the study of history and culture.
Name of the work
"Modern Style" Poetry
region
China
Another name
Modern poetry or metrical poetry?
trait
There are strict restrictions on the number of sentences, words and even words and rhymes.
classify
Seven laws, five laws, seven unique, five unique.
quick
navigate by water/air
correlation analysis
concept
Modern poetry is also called "modern poetry". Poetic style name. The generic terms of metrical poems and quatrains formed in the Tang Dynasty are relative to classical poems. There are strict rules on the number of sentences, the number of words, and even the words and rhymes. The word "modern poetry" was very popular in China in the Ming Dynasty. For example, Dong Qichang's "Preface to Yuan Boying's Poems" in the Ming Dynasty said: "This autumn, Boying (Yuan Shu, son of Yuan Keli) sent a modern poem, which was a preface to Suiyang.
kind
Viewpoint 1: Modern poetry includes quatrains (five words and four sentences, seven words and four sentences), metrical poems (five words and eight sentences, seven words and eight sentences) and metrical poems (more than ten sentences), which are based on the meter of metrical poems. The meter of quatrains is half a poem. Parallelism is an extension of metrical poetry.
Viewpoint 2: Modern poetry includes quatrains (four quatrains for each quatrain, five quatrains abbreviated as five quatrains and seven quatrains abbreviated as seven quatrains). ), metrical poems (generally eight sentences each, five words are abbreviated as five laws, seven words are abbreviated as seven laws, and more than eight sentences are called long laws or excluded laws. )。
trait
The most basic meter includes: number of words, number of sentences, level tone, rhyme, antithesis (antithesis is not necessary for quatrains), and there are three main points:
1, each sentence should be flush, the two sentences connected together should be flush, and the sentences connected together should also be flush, that is, "the sentences are flush, they are relative when connected, and they are glued together";
2. Except for the first pair and the second pair, the couplets in the middle must be couplets;
Generally speaking, the rhyme must be synchronized with the rhyme of Pingyi.
relevant knowledge
Basic lattice
First of all, the five wonders
Type one
⊙ Flat and flat, flat and flat. (rhyming) flat, flat, flat. (rhymes)
Example poem: Wang Bo in the mountains
The sorrow of the Yangtze River has stagnated, and Wan Li's thoughts will return. It's a crisp autumn night, and yellow leaves are flying in the mountains.
Type 2
Flat, (rhyme) ⊙ flat. (Rhyme) Ping, Ping, Ping. (rhymes)
Type 3
⊙ Ping, Ping, Ping. (Rhyme) ⊙ Flat, ⊙ Flat. (rhymes)
Example poem: Wei Chengqing, returned to the south.
Wan Li people go south, and geese fly north in spring. I don't know when, but I must go back with you.
Type 4
⊙ is flat, (rhyme) flat. (Rhyme) ⊙ Flat, ⊙ Flat. (rhymes)
Example poem: Lu Lun, the next song.
In the dark forest, the grass was suddenly blown by the wind, and the wind was rustling. The general thought that the beast was coming and immediately pulled out the arrow. Dawn went to look for the arrow, which had gone deep into the edge of the stone.
Second, the five laws
Type one
⊙⊙仄仄, ⊙仄仄flat (rhyme). ⊙仄仄 flat, flat ⊙仄flat (rhyme).
⊙ Ping⊙ш