Essential knowledge points of Chinese exam in senior two 1
1, Wang Haichao is a word to describe the bustling scene of Hangzhou in the Northern Song Dynasty. The first part of this poem describes the natural scenery and prosperity of Hangzhou. The next paragraph describes the quiet and peaceful life of Hangzhou people.
Ci is good at description. First of all, with the overall introduction of "the victory of the southeast, the capital of Qiantang since ancient times", the natural scenery and urban prosperity of Hangzhou are generally introduced. Then it is described from three aspects: "shape victory", "metropolis" and "prosperity": every household in "Liuhua Bridge" lives and works in peace and contentment, with a prosperous population; Outside the "cloud tree" and "dike sand", the waves beat on the shore, surging and spectacular; City streets, jewelry all over the world, ordinary people, covered with brocade, full of luxury scenes. At the end of the film (the next part begins with one sentence), we first describe the scene of the West Lake, where the lake is green and the Gui Xiang overflows, and then describe the happy scene where the Qiang flute is playing horizontally and Song Ling answers. People forget the joy of mountains and rivers and attract the joy of official banquets. It is not straightforward to describe all the way down, but it is very obvious to reduce skills.
This is a gift. The author, passing through Hangzhou, wanted to meet Sun He, the then Zhejiang-Jiangxi transshipment ambassador, and wrote this poem. On the one hand, Ci reflects the situation of the five dynasties' separatist regime after the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and indeed presents the prosperous scene after the Zhenzong and Renzong Dynasties recovered. However, the collection of pens also reveals the taste of whitewashing peace and prizing bureaucrats, which has the legacy of dry poetry in the Tang Dynasty.
2. Yulinling is a sentence describing the author's farewell to his lover in Changting. Ci mainly adopts the artistic technique of blending scenes.
First, write sadness with sad scenes. At the beginning of the poem, images such as "chilling cicada", "pavilion" and "shower" are used to contrast the cold and gloomy atmosphere when leaving.
Second, sentient beings are heartless. Without people, the ruthless ship is urging to set sail, and lovers have to cry at each other, "speechless."
Third, imagine the future to complain about sadness. The author used the word "missing" to lead pedestrians to disappear in the vast Chudi River after parting, looking at it from a distance, at a loss and feeling sad. "Its moments of beauty" was originally a happy scene, but the word "dummy" that followed suddenly wiped out the joy and plunged into endless sadness. Therefore, it is also "happy scenery writes sadness".
On the solution of these two words:
The tune of "Wang Haichao" first appeared in the Collection of Movements. This epigraph was created by Liu Yong, which probably means that Hangzhou is a tide-watching resort. One hundred and seven words, two tones, five levels of rhyme in the upper part, six levels of rhyme in the lower part, and one rhyme in the end.
"Yulinling" originated from the story of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty and Yang Guifei. After the mutiny, Yang Guifei died. After putting down the rebellion, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty returned to the north, and it rained all the way. The wind and rain blew the golden bells of Huang Luan, just as Ming Taizu Miscellanies wrote: "Ming Taizu was lucky in Shu, traveling southwest and entering the oblique valley first. It was a rainy day and he was on the plank road. The world mourned the noble lady, and chose her voice as the song "Yulinling" to express her hatred. " This is also the origin of the inscription "Yu Linling". Of course, there are many people sitting in the rainforest clock in later generations, and Liu Yong is both a representative.
Essential knowledge points of Chinese exam in senior two.
1. The eagle hits the sky, the fish are shallow, and all kinds of first frost are at home.
Pointing out the maze, inspiring words, the dirt in Wan Huhou that year. ("Qinyuanchun Changsha")
2. Life is easy to get old, but it is hard to get old. Today is Chongyang, and the yellow flowers in the battlefield are particularly fragrant. The annual autumn wind is not as strong as spring. Better than spring, just like Wan Li frost on the vast river. ("Picking Mulberry Seeds for Chongyang")
3. If the east wind doesn't come, catkins will not fly in March. Your heart is like a lonely town, like a bluestone street facing dusk. The sound is silent, the spring curtain in March has not been opened, and your heart is a closed small window sash. ("Zheng Chouyu's" mistakes ")
4. Among the layers of leaves, some white flowers are scattered, some bloom gracefully, and some bloom shyly; Like a pearl, like a star in the blue sky, like a beauty who just took a bath. The breeze blew, sending wisps of fragrance, like a faint song on a tall building in the distance.
Moonlight, like running water, pours quietly on this leaf and flower. A thin layer of blue mist floats in the lotus pond. Leaves and flowers seem to have been washed in milk; Like a dream in a sarong.
6. The moonlight in the pond is uneven; But light and shadow have a harmonious melody, such as a famous song played in the Vatican. (Zhu Ziqing's Moonlight on the Lotus Pond)
7. You know it is difficult to cross this country. How to use the dead Zheng to accompany the neighbors? Neighbors are thick, gentlemen are thin. If she thinks that the host and luggage are tired, you can do no harm.
8. Fu Jin, what do you hate? If you want to seal the east and seal the west, how can you get it if you don't lack Qin? Kan Qin benefits Jin, only you figure it out.
9. Because of manpower, it is ruthless; Lost, I don't know; Chaos is easy to rectify, not by force. ("Zuo Zhuan, Candle Ring, Qin Shi")
10. Today, the land is thousands of miles away and there are 120 cities. The ladies-in-waiting are all around the king, and the courtiers are not afraid of the king. They all want the king within the four borders. From this perspective, the cover of the king is very embarrassing!
1 1. A group of officials who can stab me in the face are rewarded; There will be a reward for those who write and exhort me; Those who can slander the city courtyard and hear my ears are rewarded.
12. At the beginning of the stage, the ministers remonstrated and the door was crowded; After a few months, from time to time; Years later, although I wanted to talk, I couldn't get in.
13. Yan, Zhao, Han and Wei are all Qi people. This is the imperial court, and there is no need to use war to defeat the enemy. ("Warring States Policy Zou Ji satirizes Wang Qike to teach")
14. Will the descendants of the master be unkind? Respect without reactive power, thick without effort, and heavy equipment. ("Touch the Dragon and Tell the Queen Zhao")
15. if it is not against the farming season, the five grains can't beat food. If you don't count, neither fish nor turtle can be eaten. Axe gold gets into the mountain in time, and mywood can't be used. (Mencius "I am in the country")
16. Therefore, the wood is straight, the gold is sharp, and the gentleman learns to save himself, so he knows what is clear and not wrong. (Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning")
17. Think all day, it is better to learn in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking.
18. A fake horse is not good enough, but a thousand miles away; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.
19. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach thousands of miles, and you can't accumulate small streams, you can't become a river.
20. One leap, not ten steps, ten drivers, thank you; Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved. (Xunzi's "Encouraging Learning")
Essential knowledge points of Chinese exam in senior two 3.
1, Guan Hanqing, Ji Zhai, was born in the late Jin Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, and was a dramatist in the Yuan Dynasty. The representative works of the natural color school include Yuan (full name Yuan), Saving the Wind and Dust, Wangjiang Pavilion, Single Knife Meeting, Moon Worship Pavilion and so on.
2. The four masters of Yuan Qu and their respective masterpieces are Guan Hanqing's Dou Eyuan and Bai Pu's Yuan Qu.
Ma Zhiyuan's The Great Wall, Wu Tongyu, Autumn in the Palace of Han Dynasty and Zheng Guangzu's Ghost Story. The representative writer of the literary school is Wang Shifu, whose masterpiece is The West Chamber. In addition, Ji's
Orphan of Zhao is China's Yuan Zaju which has a far-reaching influence in the West.
3. Yuan Qu includes two styles: Sanqu and Zaju, among which Sanqu includes Xiao Ling and He He.
Number of groups. Yuan Zaju is generally composed of 60% discount, and some Yuan Zaju have wedges besides 60% discount. Is this a prelude or not?
The role of transition. The stage performance of zaju consists of three parts: singing, reasoning and dialogue. The role consists of three categories: end, Dan and Jing.
4. Cao Yu, formerly known as Wan Jiabao, is a modern and contemporary playwright. Before liberation, he wrote Thunderstorm and Sunrise.
Yuan Ye, Metamorphosis and Peking Man, among which Thunderstorm marks the beginning of the maturity of China's dramatic art.
5. william shakespeare (1564— 16 16) was an outstanding dramatist and poet in the English Renaissance. Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth are called "four tragedies", which represent the pinnacle of Shakespeare's art. Ben Jonson once commented on Shakespeare: He belongs not to one era, but to all centuries.
6. Liu Yong, formerly known as Sanbian, was a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because it ranks seventh in the world, it is called Liu Qi, also known as Liuwasteland. His ci collection is called Music Collection, and there are more than 200 poems handed down. "Where there is well water to drink, you can sing Liu Ci" (Ye Mengde's Summer Tale).
7, Su Shi, Zi Zizhan,No. Dongpo layman, and Su Xun, Su Zhe also called "three Su", poetry and
Huang Tingjian is equally famous, collectively known as "Su Huang". In terms of ci, the scope of expression of ci has been expanded, which is the first in the Song Dynasty. The style of ci is similar to that of Xin Qiji, and they are collectively called "Su Xin". Su Shi's prose is also excellent, and he is one of the "eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
8. Xin Qiji, whose real name is You 'an, was a great patriotic poet Jia Xuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. As a representative of the uninhibited school, Su Shi is the author of Jia Ji's Short Sentences.
9. Li Qingzhao, named Yi An Jushi, was a poetess at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. She is a representative of graceful and restrained school.
Yu Shuci. Life experience can be divided into two periods: before and after the Song Dynasty moved south.
10, a kind of word and poem. Also known as long and short sentences, lyrics and poems. It began in the Tang Dynasty, took shape in the Five Dynasties and flourished in the Song Dynasty. Ci originated from the folk, and later literati wrote new words according to the rhythm of music score, called "Ci" or "Yin". According to the length and scale, words can be roughly divided into Xiao Ling (within 58 words), Middle Tone (59 to 90 words) and Long Tone (above 9 1 word, with the longest word reaching 240 words). According to the creative style, it can be roughly divided into graceful and unrestrained.
1 1, Hanshu is the first biographical history book in China. Zhang Hengchuan is selected from Ye Fan's Book of the Later Han Dynasty.
The first four histories refer to Historical Records, History of Han Dynasty, History of the Three Kingdoms and History of the Later Han Dynasty.
Montaigne, a French thinker and essayist in the European Renaissance, wrote Essays. /kloc-Pascal, a French mathematician, physicist and thinker in the 0/7th century, famously said that man is a thinking reed.
Essential knowledge points of Chinese exam in senior two 4
First of all, sentence patterns
1. Basic sentence patterns According to the usage or mood of sentences, sentences can be divided into declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, imperative sentences and exclamatory sentences. A sentence that explains one thing and expresses a declarative tone is called a declarative sentence. A sentence that asks a question and expresses a questioning mood is called a question. What China people are asked or expected to do or not to do is an imperative sentence to express the imperative mood.
First, the basic sentence patterns
According to the usage or mood of the sentence, the sentence can be divided into declarative sentence, interrogative sentence, imperative sentence and exclamatory sentence.
A sentence that explains one thing and expresses a declarative tone is called a declarative sentence.
A sentence that asks a question and expresses a questioning mood is called a question.
What China people are asked or expected to do or not to do is an imperative sentence to express the imperative mood.
Sentences that express exclamatory mood are called exclamatory sentences. -Chinese knowledge: high school Chinese sentence patterns
Second, sentence transformation
1. Rewriting of declarative sentence and bei (ba) sentence: Changing declarative sentence into bei sentence means transferring the word in the sentence to the beginning of the sentence, and another word "bei" into bei sentence. Changing a declarative sentence into a ba sentence means moving the action object in the sentence before the action word, and adding "ba" becomes a ba sentence. When changing sentence patterns, we must keep the meaning of the original sentence.
2. Rewriting declarative sentences and rhetorical questions: declarative sentences refer to sentences that illustrate opinions and state facts. A rhetorical question refers to a sentence that expresses a certain meaning in the form of a question. To change a rhetorical question into a declarative sentence, we need to change the words expressing affirmation or negation into negative or affirmative words, then change the question mark in the original sentence into a period, and remove the modal auxiliary words of "don't …" and "how …". Similarly, declarative sentences can be rewritten as rhetorical questions. First, change the words expressing affirmation or negation in the sentence into words expressing negation or affirmation, and then change the period in the original sentence into a question mark. In order to strengthen the tone, the general trash can should be added with mood auxiliary words such as "don't" and "how".
3. Rewrite the positive name into a negative sentence: express a positive meaning, or use a negative sentence, such as "Everyone abides by classroom discipline." It can be rewritten as "there is no one who does not lay the classroom discipline." The affirmative tone of the rewritten sentence is stronger than that of the original sentence. Pay attention when rewriting: double negation means further affirmation, so we must use two words to express negation, that is, "negation+negation = affirmation". If only one negative word is used, the meaning of the sentence is completely opposite.
4. Rewriting of direct quotation and indirect quotation: When we are writing or writing, sometimes we need to directly quote other people's conversations and sometimes we need to report them. For example, the rain shook his head and said, "I don't see anything in the house." This is a direct narrative sentence. If you want to change it into a transitive sentence, you can change it to "it's raining, shake your head and say you don't see anything in the room." When rewriting, we should pay attention to three points: first, change the person, change the personal pronoun indicating "who" to "he" or "they" as compulsory punctuation, change the colon to comma, remove the double quotation marks and adjust the words appropriately to make the sentence smooth.
5. Rewriting of causal sentences: causal sentences are written according to the causal relationship of things. It has two forms: one is causality, and the other is causality. In causal sentences, there can be one or several reasons, but the result can only be one. When rewriting, you can use related words, omit one of them, or even don't use them. But the original intention must remain the same.
6. change the word order in the name: for example, "the pagoda is more magnificent at night." It can be rewritten as "In the night, Baota shan is more majestic." Baota shan's two sentences are magnificent. In the Night plays a decorative role as an incidental component. Although the sentence pattern has changed, the function is still the same.
Methods and skills of choosing sentence patterns: the choice of sentence patterns for examination questions is generally multiple-choice questions. Generally speaking, it is investigated from the perspectives of consistent statement object, order and reference, and temporal and spatial coherence. In addition, there are consistent sentence patterns and styles.
Second, five ways to make sentences with related words
Sentences using related words are usually complicated. When students use related words, they often make mistakes of one kind or another.
First, related words, as words connecting clauses and expressing relationships, always express abstract relationships and can be used as concrete formal symbols of some compound sentences.
Second, related words are complex in nature.
Third, it's easy to find one or two words that you must bring when you speak. Although they have different meanings, when you connect them, they will make people feel comfortable.
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