Author: anonymous
Keywords: Yuanqu
Column keywords: 300 yuan songs
Type: Sanqu
Year: Yuan
Speech order of "main palace"
a certain person
Huang Chen's eternal Chang 'an Road ①, Mangshan Tomb ②, the west wind crossing the Wujiang River ③, and the trees ④ in the sunset.
The old man has no brother, the old man has no brother, and the hero is full of sorrow.
[Notes]
1 Chang 'an Road: Chang 'an Road refers to going to Beijing for an official position. In this sentence, Chang 'an Road, which many people rushed to run in ancient times, is now only a piece of yellow dust.
(2) Mangshan Mountain: North Mangshan Mountain, in the northeast of Luoyang, Henan Province, is the graveyard of ancient princes and nobles.
(3) this sentence secretly write xiang yu commit suicide in wujiang river. One leaf: refers to a boat.
(4) This sentence uses Lu Sheng's story of meeting a Taoist Lu Weng in Handan Store, in which he enjoyed all the splendor in his dream and was embarrassed when he woke up, which is a metaphor for wealth and impermanence.
[Appreciation]
This is a nostalgic song that laments life. The first four sentences are couplets, which respectively list four images of Chang 'an Road, Mangshan Tomb, Wujiangdu and Handan Tree, and are matched with such decorative phrases as "Yellow Dust", "Broken Monument", "West Wind" and "Sunset", which make these four images cast a gloomy and grim color. In the past, those literati who rushed for fame and fortune, arrogant and extravagant dignitaries, and all-powerful heroes have all turned into smoke and dust, leaving a sad legacy! The contradiction between limited life and infinite time and space is a fact that no one can change. This led to the author's sigh: "Heroes are sad!" I am deeply touched and thought-provoking.
[Main Palace] Anonymous statement
When the boat crosses the stream path, the water in front of it is as clear as jade. Castle peak blocks the red dust road and white clouds are everywhere. I said I couldn't find my brother with you, I couldn't find my brother, and I found out that the farmer lived next to Nautilus Island.
This song was written by a scholar. The last sentence is written by Bai Ben [Parrot Song], "Nong's Parrot Island lives nearby" ("Bird Garden" is an episode), and it seems to be written by "illiterate fisherman" (Bai Ben Song). According to Yuan Feng Zizhen's Preface to the Parrot Song, Bai Qu was quite famous at that time. "There is a show of the Imperial Garden, and ... I hate people who can't continue this song", so Feng Zizhen boasted more than 100 Bai Qu, which shows the great influence of Bai Qu. As soon as Baiben's song came out, it was originally named "Black Lacquer Crossbow", but it was renamed "Parrot Song" because its first sentence had "Parrot Island". Parrot Island changed from the original specific place name to the name of the fisherman's residence. Therefore, the "Nong" in this song "Nong lives near Nautilus Island" is probably a "fisherman". The artistic conception of this song is also directly influenced by the white song.
But the structure of this song is very different from that of the white song. First of all, it uses many confusing words to describe a seemingly uninhabited and noisy paradise. "When the boat crosses the stream path, the water in front is as clear as jade", an unknown stream, with clear and transparent water flowing quietly; Rowing across the shore and walking along a winding path, a small house is leisurely visible. There is a faint infatuation here. Where is the room? The poet is ignorant, he only describes the quiet, elegant and beautiful external environment of the hut; Where is it? The poet didn't know that it was an idyllic wilderness where no one crossed the boat (Xixi Chuzhou by Wei)? Or a suburban flower village with a small bridge and flowing water (Wang Anshi's poem)? It is difficult for readers to know the details. In the next two sentences, the poet leads the reader into a more fascinating realm: "Green hills block the road of red dust, and white clouds are everywhere." Castle peak and white clouds are quiet and ethereal, which reminds people of Jia Dao's young answer in "Don't meet a hermit". "But how can I tell which corner of the mountain is separated by such clouds? "People are looking forward to it, and there is no sense of disappointment. The poet seems to know that the reader will feel this way, so he repeats the chorus with two sentences that are quite triumphant, but not without ridicule and ridicule, and then pushes the reader to a state of extreme confusion and trance, which makes you have to sigh the secular world, which is beyond the reach of the mysterious heaven, but you can't imagine it. If the whole song ends here, it can be called "misty poetry", and the smell of "outside the image" can make people think a lot. However, after "surpassing the elephant", ancient poetry must be "in the ring", and the sentence "There was a Nong family living on the edge of Nautilus Island" is the eyes of the whole song to reveal its "ring". The owner of the hut, who had been hiding in the song, suddenly came out, and the fairy world, the "fisherman" residence, also. There is a saying that "the realm is exhausted": the extremely clear world composed of green mountains and white clouds, flowing water in front of the door and canoe paths is not only a fairyland outside the "world of mortals", but also a real landscape in reality. It is a sacred place in the fisherman's mind and the "materialization" of the hermit's ideal spiritual world.
The image of "fisherman" in China's ancient literary works can hardly be called a real fisherman. Since the Fisherman of Songs of the South gave birth to a fisherman who "woke up all over the world and drunk the world alone" and did not fight against the secular world, his "children and grandchildren" actually became a symbol of personality and spirit that did not seek fame and fortune. Ode to the Fisherman has become a unique branch of ancient "hermit" songs. A hermit poem by Wang Wei can be regarded as its core theme: "Always be young and look back at the white clouds. God is superior to things, whether it is a name or an official. " The ballad "Fisherman" was loved by scholars of all ages, especially in the Yuan Dynasty, in order to see its elegance. Frustrated people express their dissatisfaction or disappointment with reality through twists and turns, at the same time, they melt their inner world into the spirit of "fisherman", forget the troubles of real life in the spiritual purification of "detachment and refinement" and seek psychological balance. Bai Ben's parrot song was famous for a while, except for silencing and eliminating rhyme with "fish model". Isn't it the most fundamental reason that the traditional motif "Fisherman" has the unique charm of "spiritual beauty" in the minds of literati? And this song is not afraid to have a good work first, but to create it again. Isn't this a charm call?
However, if this song didn't have its own artistic charm, I'm afraid it would have been forgotten long ago. In the songs of "Fisherman" in the past dynasties, many people captured the image of lofty green mountains and white clouds and free and easy canoeing and flowing water. The white song is like this, and so is this song. However, the white song begins with "a farmer lives near Yingzhou and is an illiterate fisherman", which makes people suddenly enter the established spiritual realm of the traditional fisherman. Combined with images, it visualizes the spiritual world it expresses, and the conclusion of "I wronged God in the past and even arranged my position" echoes it from a distance, making the whole song quite lively and unrestrained. This song first blurs the cycle, first creates its surroundings, which makes people unpredictable and produces a strong sense of inquiry. At the end of the sentence, the famous Nautilus Island was quoted as "Fisherman", and the significance of the whole song was pointed out, which made people think deeply and chewed the whole song. It has both implicit interest and clear and fluent style. Although it is roughly the same as the image taken by Bai Qu, it has a unique structure. Look closely, this song "Crossing the Boat by the Stream" and the white song "Boating in the Waves"; The images in the sentences of "Castle Peak Broken the Road of Red Dust" and the white song "I feel mountains everywhere when I come" are the same, but according to the meaning and artistic conception of their songs, they are not interchangeable, rather than adding and subtracting their words. So although influenced and enlightened by Bai Qu, it was his own creation. In addition, the author chose the rhyme of Daodaoling. Except Chu and Zhu are the original rhymes of Baiqu, Du, Yu and Lu are all familiar rhymes, which not only inherit the characteristics of "dangerous rhyme" of Baiqu, but also have their own ingenuity. Probably, this song is not the first one, but also belongs to Anonymous.