To show the author's longing for a quiet life.
Innocent and free life and interesting childhood memories show the desire and pursuit of the ideal realm of life.
The novel "Social Drama" is not specially written for going to the theatre, but through the story narration before and after I went to the theatre with rural children, it praised the simple quality and intelligence of rural children and showed the author's thoughts and feelings of loving the working people.
"She" originally refers to the land god or the land temple. In Shaoxing, she is a domain name, and social drama is the "annual drama" she performs every year.
Social drama refers to the drama activities related to religion and customs carried out in social organizations. In Shaoxing, social day performances have a long history. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You's poem "Society Day" already had the title of "Peace is everywhere, and children are ecstatic in society day". In Qing Dynasty, social drama became the main performance form of Sanju.
The repertoire performed by Shaoxing Luantan Troupe can be roughly divided into temple fair drama, festival drama, ancestral temple drama, festive drama, commercial drama and peace drama.
Most areas in Shaoxing are dominated by temple fairs. Temple fair drama refers to the drama performed in various birthday sacrificial activities such as Guandi, Bao Gong, Wang Long, Vulcan, Yue Wucang, Huang Cheng and Land. Sacrificing the birthday of Shinto is a grand celebration in the village where the temple is located. Usually, a meeting will be held to greet the gods, stretching for miles or even dozens of miles, which will make the village community panic. At the same time, during the temple fair, there will be a rural market where department stores gather together. This is the so-called market. Performing to reward the gods is also an activity, which is also held during the temple fair. The department store is called the temple fair. Performing to reward the gods is also an integral part of sacrificial activities. At that time, villagers will invite their relatives from other places to prepare meals and entertainment theaters.
In fact, the performance of the temple fair is not only from February to May, but also throughout the year. The purpose of the performance is to seek happiness, ensure peace, pray for a bumper harvest and drive away the plague. This kind of temple fair is frequent. Li Ciming's Diary of Yuemaotang (published in Shaoxing Gazette) said: "The more good people are, the more they admire. From February to May, there is no virtual day in the contest, and sacrifices are not ghosts. Only (Ma Zhen) guards the merits. Although far away, it is still close to ancient times. "
In the suburbs of Shaoxing, there is the Jiangjialou Temple Fair in Xiguanmen on the sixth day of April, which is the most popular social drama of Shaoxing Luantan Troupe. On the outskirts of Shaoxing, there are the "Huanglao Lane" held by Jiang Jiahua in Xiguanmen on April 6th and the "Zhu (Maichen) Taishou Meeting" held in Chang 'anmen Foreign Language Camp Bridge on July 13th. These are the two largest and lively temple fairs, with dozens of troupe actors performing along the river and "Chengtou" from all over the country coming to see the play. The performance of the troupe is also particularly pleasing. In order to gain a good reputation, the theater price is high and there are many performance opportunities. Temple fair drama is the main part of social drama performed by Shaoxing Random Play Troupe, which is difficult to compile and remember.
Main characters: I (Brother Xun), Shuangxi, Guisheng, Afa, and Father June 1st.
The main plot: sail on a moonlit night, watch a play at the bow, and go home under the moon.
About the time of watching social drama
"Social Drama" wrote: "This is the custom in our town of Lu. Every married daughter will go back to her family for the summer if no one is in charge. At that time, although grandma was still in good health, her mother had already shared some housework, so she couldn't go home for many days in summer, and she had to take time to stay for a few days after sweeping the grave. At this time of the year, I am at my grandmother's house with my mother. " He also said that Zhao Zhuang wanted to act. "Now I think it's either the Spring Festival Evening or the social drama." Text annotation cloud: the spring competition is "a competition held in spring". Accordingly, it is generally believed that the time to watch social dramas is in spring. In fact, this is not accurate. The time to watch social drama should be in early summer. There are three reasons for this:
First, "Social Drama" said that I went to my grandmother's house "after sweeping the grave". So, when is the grave sweeping in Shaoxing, Zhejiang? According to "Yue Yan Customs Department", there are three times a year to offer the national tomb. First, "before Shangyuan, there were several children and grandchildren who used incense sticks to pay homage to the grave"; The second is "going to the grave, that is, sweeping the grave. Before and after Tomb-Sweeping Day, there were big ships and drums, and men and women's children and grandchildren went to the grave to help sacrifice Luo Bai, which was called "the city of going to the grave"; The third is "sending cold clothes, in the name of offering sacrifices to the tomb in October, only a few people." The author of Yue Proverbs, Zibian, is from Huangfuzhuang, Shaoxing. Lu Qingxuan, Lu Xun's grandfather, moved to Huangfuzhuang after winning the bid and rented a house in Fan Xiaofeng. His words are credible. According to Zhou Zuoren's memory, "the custom of the Zhou family's grave-sweeping sacrifice is that only men go to the grave and send cold clothes", while "Tomb-Sweeping Day's grave-sweeping will be much bigger, not only because women go together, but also because there are three ceremonies to be done and some old ostentation and extravagance." Comprehensive analysis of all these materials, there is no doubt that "social drama" in the grave, is to visit the grave in Tomb-Sweeping Day. According to Gu Tieqing's Jia Qinglu Volume III, the so-called Tomb-Sweeping Day does not only refer to the day of Tomb-Sweeping Day, but "the day before Qingming Zhixia". Then, of course, the "after sweeping the grave" mentioned in the novel should be in early summer.
Secondly, judging from the natural scenery described by social drama, it was also early summer. "Mung bean wheat field" and "Podocarpus in full bloom", the broad bean known as "Podocarpus" is a wintering plant in eastern Zhejiang, which will not bear fruit until Tomb-Sweeping Day, and will not be harvested until summer. When you can peel and cook, of course, it is in early summer. In addition, the novel also writes that the local rich families who watch social dramas "mostly come down to the stage to eat cakes, fruits and melon seeds", and fruits can only be found in summer.
Thirdly, Zhou Zuoren clearly wrote in "Characters in Lu Xun's Novels: Local Opera": "This article (referring to" social drama "-the author's note) said:' At that time, I didn't think why they performed every year. Now I think it is either a spring competition or a social drama.' This is a description of the topic, but in fact this kind of acting is probably in summer. "
According to the above reasons, the time to watch social drama should be in early summer, not in spring.
First, the overall grasp
The full text of "Social Opera" has two parts. The text is excerpted from the second half, which describes the author's past experience of watching social operas as a child and shows his memories and nostalgia for his childhood.
Childhood is a happy and wonderful experience for many people. When I recall the past as an adult, I have a romantic feeling about the people and things at that time. The author of this paper has created a group of simple and lovely images of rural children, such as Double Happiness, A Fa and Gui Sheng. These friends are smart and lively, bold and cautious, warm and friendly. "I" can't see the play, "they all sigh and express sympathy"; When sailing, "the little one will sit in the cabin with me and the big one will gather at the stern" just in case; Guisheng bought soybean milk in the theater and politely scooped water for "me"; On the way home, Afa suggested "stealing" his own beans on the grounds that "ours are much bigger". These are the outstanding manifestations of their innocence and childlike innocence.
Double happiness is the cleverest of his friends. Like his friends' little leaders, his personality is also the most prominent: cautious and smart. When "I" can't see the play and "I want to cry", Shuangxi can immediately come up with a "good idea" and give the reason that "my grandmother and my mother believe"; I was disappointed that the steel-toed old man didn't do somersaults at night. Shuangxi comforted "me" with "who wants to show his skills in vain", showing kindness and thoughtfulness like a big brother; He can make up his mind. When Lao Dan sang endlessly, everyone was tired of going home. It was he who proposed to go home. On the way back, everyone stole Afa's beans. After the double happiness, they advised everyone to "steal more, if Afa's mother knows, she will cry and scold", which shows that he is very considerate of others.
The scenery description in this paper is very distinctive. Using freehand brushwork, the author describes the pictures of sailing on a moonlit night, watching a play at the bow and returning home at midnight from the aspects of color, smell and sound, which is full of water town characteristics. The color is like the green of beans and wheat, the light black of distant mountains, the bright moonlight, the red of fishing lights and the white of ships. Smells such as the "fragrance" of beans, wheat and aquatic plants; The sound is like the "gurgling" sound of a ship, the laughter of children, and the "swaying and melodious" sound of a flute. It is written simply, cleanly and vividly. The author also uses various metaphors, personification and other techniques, such as expressing the speed of the ship and setting off the distant mountains. "The light black undulating mountains, like the passionate iron beast ridges, all run far to the stern"; The direct description of the ship, "the ship is like a big white fish carrying a group of children in the waves", turns static into dynamic, and enhances the effect of scenery description.
Second, the problem research
1. Why does the author say that Pingqiao Village is my paradise?
The country with simple folk customs is indeed a happy and free paradise for a child who grew up in a feudal family and was bound by various rules. As a guest, the author "gets preferential treatment here" and catches shrimp as usual, and my friends take good care of me. This kind of love and care is vividly shown in the section of "watching social dramas". Here, "I" can avoid reading those old and useless classics, and there are not so many rules to follow. Even if I hit the squire, no one in the village would come up with the word "guilty"
2. What kind of image is Father June 1st?
The father-in-law of June 1 day is an image of a simple villager. On June 1, my father-in-law only blamed the children for stealing his beans, saying that they "didn't want to pick them well, and they broke a lot." When he heard that picking beans was for a treat, he immediately said "of course". He is not a stingy person. Later, he personally delivered beans, which shows his warm and hospitable personality. "I" praised him and "I am grateful", which reflected his honest and kind nature as a farmer. As for his boasting that "I have studied" and "I will definitely win the first prize in the future", it is just like his boasting that a child is smart today and will definitely be admitted to a good university in the future. There are also views that although Father June 1st is a good man, he has the limitations of farmers. His admiration for "I" shows that he was deeply influenced by feudal ethics, which was inevitable at that time.
3. Why, in my feeling, the drama I saw that night was the best in my life, and the beans I ate that night were the best in my life?
From the full text, the key to why I miss the drama and beans I watched that night lies not only in watching the drama and eating beans, but in the whole process of watching the drama and eating beans with the children in Pingqiao Village. I miss not only good plays and beans, but also the simple, sincere, harmonious and intimate interpersonal relationship in Pingqiao Village.
Practice note
1. At the end of the article, it says, "Really, until now, I really haven't eaten good beans like that night, and I won't watch the drama like that night any more." How to understand this ending? Have you ever had such an experience in your life?
This question is intended to let students know the thoughts and feelings expressed by the author in the article.
In fact, the play that night made people yawn and swear, and it was really common to eat beans that night the next day. The so-called "good beans is like that night" and "Drama is like that night" represent the author's fond memories of his innocent, free and interesting childhood, full of romantic ideals, and show his desire and pursuit for the ideal realm of life.
Second, sailing on a summer night and returning home on a moonlit night are wonderful descriptions of the scenery. When you set sail on a summer night to set off my urgent mood, what did you see, hear and feel? What's the difference between going home on a moonlit night and going to the theatre?
The purpose of this question is to let students know the writing characteristics of this article.
What you can see: the moonlight is hazy in this steam. The light black rolling mountains, like the iron ridges of animals, ran far to the stern. ..... gradually vaguely see Zhao Zhuang, ... there are still some ignition, ...
What do I hear: I seem to hear the song floating ... the sound is probably the flute, dancing and melodious. ...
I returned to China the following month and wrote an interesting story about all my friends "stealing" Podocarpus. I was in a hurry when I went, always thinking that the ship was slow. At this time, my friends and I are in a very happy mood.
Try to find the following words and answer the questions in brackets.
1. My heavy heart suddenly relaxed, and my body seems unable to express it in words.
(What kind of mood does "relaxation" and "stretching" express "me")
2. The faint black rolling hills, like warm iron ridges, all ran to the stern.
Why does the mountain say "enthusiastic"? )
3. Looking back at the stage under the light, just like the first time, it is as ethereal as a castle in the fairy mountain, covering Xia Hong.
("Looking Back" shows the feeling of "I", and what does "Mask" show)
Unexpectedly, my father-in-law was so grateful on June 1. He gave a thumbs-up and proudly said. ...
(Why should Father June 1st be "grateful" when someone steals beans? )
1. "Relaxation" and "stretching" are in sharp contrast to the previous article, showing the joy and lightness of "I".
2. Write mountains with the verb "enthusiasm" to bring still life to life. The meaning of this word is different from now. The author creatively endowed the word with new meaning.
The word "looking back" expresses the feeling of "I". The "mask" vividly expresses the fantastic scene on the stage and echoes the coming time.
4. Because I, a student in the city, praised his beans. It shows the simple and honest character of my father-in-law on June 1.