Second, grasp the key words (sentences) that reveal the author's thoughts and feelings in poetry. For example, Su Shi's Ding Fengbo? Don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest: "Don't listen to the beating of leaves in the forest, why not sing and walk slowly? Bamboo shoes are lighter than horses. Who is afraid?" "A raincoat hemp fiber, regardless of the wind and rain, still live my life. The coolness of spring breeze awakens my wine, and the cold begins to be cold, and the peak of the sun is the sun, but it is satisfied in time. Looking back at the bleak land, rain or shine. " This poem was written in the third year after being relegated to Huangzhou. Focus on outlook, keep things in mind, and talk about life philosophy from natural phenomena. The two sentences in the poem "Rain or shine for life" and "Rain or shine" are obviously the true reflection of the author's indifferent mood.
Third, pay attention to the author's life experience and dynasty. To truly understand a poem, we must know people and discuss the world. The same scenery, because of the poet's different experiences and moods, will contain completely different emotions. Frost leaves are red, some people praise "February flowers are red", others feel bitterly that "it always leaves people with tears". Therefore, when reading poems, we must pay attention to the poet's experience and situation, and pay attention to the national conditions and political affairs of the dynasty where the poet lives. Only by contacting these backgrounds can we accurately grasp the thoughts and feelings of poetry. Some poems will provide relevant annotations, while others have no annotations, which need to be recalled and refined from accumulated knowledge. For example, Wang Anshi's Plum Blossom: "A few plums in a corner, hanling alone. I know from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. " Wang Anshi was a reformer in China 1 1 century. During his tenure as prime minister, he advocated reform, but eventually failed because of the opposition of conservatives. Wang Anshi insisted on his own reform ideas and did not give in to conservatives. Knowing this background, we can know that Wang Anshi used plum blossom metaphor to show his attitude towards political reform. No matter what happens, plum blossoms will still bloom in the world when it is cold and there are no flowers.
Fourth, pay attention to the linguistic features of poetry. The language of poetry is different from that of prose. The language of poetry is the most concise. The same thing written in prose language will be a long sentence or a few words, while poetry only uses a few words. For example, if you write an essay, you will first explain what kind of tall building you climbed somewhere on a certain day, and then write a distant scene, and the poem is only five words. Poetry language is also full of leaps and bounds, leaving a lot of gaps between sentences, which requires readers to supplement and restore the scene of poetry through imagination. Jia Dao's See the Guest: "I asked your student, under a pine tree," he replied, "My teacher went to collect medicine." However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? "The three questions and three answers between the explorer and the boy should be written in at least six sentences, but the poet reduced them to four sentences and twenty crosses by answering questions. This leaves a gap between sentences, which needs our readers to imagine and supplement.
Fifth, pay attention to the images in the poem. Image is an artistic image depicted in poetry. Poetry uses images to express its meaning. As a poet, "climbing mountains is full of feelings, while watching the sea is full of feelings", so we should grasp the feelings contained in "mountains" and "water" with our hearts when interpreting poems. In classical poetry, some images appear repeatedly in the works of different poets in different times, and their meanings are stable. These common images should be grasped as common sense in reading poetry. Common images generally have conventional meanings. However, these common images sometimes have unconventional meanings in the poet's works. At the same time, poetry is more an image created by the poet improvisation, and its meaning is not conventional, so it needs to be grasped from specific works.
Pay attention to the last two sentences of this poem. This is a common way to write poetry and prose. Ancient poems often indicate the theme at the end of two paragraphs, so pay attention when reading. Du Fu has a quatrain: "The blue bird in the river is too white, and the blue flower in the mountain burns. See you again this spring, when is the year of returning home? " Looking at the first two sentences, I just wrote beautiful scenery with bright colors, and it is still difficult to determine how I feel. The last two sentences point out the poet's homesickness. Poets live in exile, year after year, homesick, I don't know when to return, how painful it is. As can be seen from these last two sentences, this poem uses the technique of happy scenery and sad writing.
7. Metaphors commonly used in poetry, especially metaphors and metonymies, are used without any trace. It should be noted that metaphor is different from simile in that there are no figurative words between them, but words such as "yes", "for", "when" and "Hua" are used to connect them. For example, in Peacock Flying Southeast, "The monarch is a rock and the concubine is a reed. Puwei line is like silk, but the rock does not move. It is a typical example to use "rock" and "Pu Wei" as metaphors to express a firm heart for love. Metonymy, without revealing the trace of metaphor at all, directly replaces ontology with metaphor, and neither ontology nor figurative words appear.