The school of pastoral poetry is a school of poetry in China in the Tang Dynasty. The main content is to reflect rural life and describe landscapes. Inherited and developed Tao Yuanming's pastoral poems and Xie Lingyun's and Xie's landscape poems. Representative figures are Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Chu Guangxi and Chang Jian in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and Wei and Liu Zongyuan in the middle Tang Dynasty. Their works mostly reflect leisurely thoughts and feelings, with elegant colors and deep artistic conception, and mostly adopt the form of five-character archaism and five-character rhythm.
When exploring natural beauty, they can not only describe the magnificent scenery in general, but also describe the dynamics of natural things in detail; On the observation of natural scenery, he has a unique understanding, and can skillfully capture various images suitable for expressing his life interest, forming a unique artistic conception, which promoted the development of landscape poetry after the Six Dynasties.
Among them, Wang Wei's achievements are high. He is a poet and a painter. He can apply painting to poetry. There are paintings in poetry and poems in painting. Besides Du Li, he also had a great influence on later generations.
1, Tao Yuanming
Tao Yuanming (about 365-427), with a cheerful personality, was named Mr. Wuliu, who was known as Mr. Jingjie in the world, and changed his name to Qian after entering Liu Song Dynasty. Poet, writer, lyricist and essayist at the end of Eastern Jin Dynasty and the beginning of Southern Song Dynasty. A native of Xunyang Chai Sang (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He worked as a small official for several years, then resigned and went home, and then lived in seclusion. Rural life is the main theme of Tao Yuanming's poems, and his related works include Drinking and Returning to the Garden.
Tao Yuanming has the largest number of pastoral poems and the highest achievements. This kind of poetry fully shows the poet's lofty interest in disdaining fame and fortune and his noble integrity in keeping his ambition; It fully shows the poet's extreme hatred and complete break with the dark officialdom; It fully shows the poet's love for simple pastoral life, his understanding of labor and his friendly feelings for working people. It fully shows the poet's pursuit and yearning for the ideal world.
As a scholar-bureaucrat, such thoughts, feelings and contents are unprecedented in the history of literature, especially in a society with strict gate system and concept.
Masterpiece:
Drinking (5)
Tao Yuanming
Building a house is human, and there are no horses and chariots.
Ask what you can do, your heart is far from self-prejudice.
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
The mountains are getting better and better, and the birds are back.
That makes sense. I forgot what I wanted to say.
Guiyuan Tianju (1)
Tao Yuanming
Few people do as the Romans do. Their nature is to love nature.
I sneaked into the official career network and have been away from the game for more than ten years.
Birds in cages are often attached to the forests of the past, and fish in ponds yearn for the abyss of the past.
I want to open up wasteland in Minamino and keep my humility to the fields.
The house is surrounded by about ten acres of land, thatched cottages.
Willow trees cover the eaves, and peach trees cover Li Lieman in front of the hospital.
The neighboring village of the neighboring village is faintly visible, and there is smoke in the village.
Several dogs barked in the alley, and the mulberry tree was barked by a rooster.
There is no dust and sundries in the yard, and the quiet room is comfortable and leisurely.
Trapped in a cage without freedom for a long time, I finally returned to the forest today.
2. Wang Wei
Wang Wei is a representative writer of the pastoral poetry school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He is versatile and proficient in painting, calligraphy and music. In his early years, Wang Wei aspired to fame and fortune, and wrote many poems with heroic style, open realm and lofty sentiments, most of which were poems with the theme of frontier ranger, such as Youth Travel, Old Man Travel, Dragon Head Song, Frontier Ambassador and so on. However, in the history of Tang poetry, it is the pastoral poetry that lays its position and best marks its artistic achievements. The main content of his poems is to reflect pastoral seclusion and describe natural landscape. For example, Farmer Weishui, Autumn Night in the Deep Mountain, Zhongnanshan, Bird's Singing Stream, Chai Lu, Zhuliguan, Wu Xinyi, etc. Or write about the quiet and leisurely life in the countryside, or write about the quiet and beautiful natural scenery.
Masterpiece:
An autumn night in the mountains
Wang Wei
The empty mountains are bathed in a new rain, and feel the early autumn at night.
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks.
The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe.
Spring spring might as well give it a rest, and the autumn sun can stay on the hills for a long time.
Zhong Nanshan
Wang Wei
The majestic Tian Yishan is close to Chang 'an, and the mountains continue to extend to the sea.
The white clouds merged behind, and the blue mist melted into the mountains and disappeared.
The central mountain peaks separate the southwest, and the valleys are also different.
Want to find a house to live in the mountains, is it convenient for the water guide to ask the woodcutter?
3. Liu Zongyuan
Liu Zongyuan (773-819) was born in Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi). He and Liu Yuxi entered the Jinshi in the same year and participated in Yongzhen Innovation together. After the failure, Yongzhou was demoted first, then Liuzhou was demoted. His experience is more unfortunate than Liu Yuxi's. Until the fourteenth year of Yuanhe, this derogatory fate did not leave him, but when Tang Xianzong recalled him at the request of Pei Du, he died at the age of 47. There is Liuhe East Collection.
Liu Zongyuan's pastoral poems are good at expressing the lonely and noble realm, entrusting profound spiritual pain, and are very artistic, such as "Xiju":
I have been troubled by official hats and robes for a long time, so I am glad to be an exile in this barbaric south.
I am now a neighbor of growers and harvesters, and I am a guest of the mountain forest.
Plow the fields and mow the grass, tie my fishing boat in the evening and break the quiet stream.
I walked back and forth, hardly meeting anyone, singing long poems and staring at the blue sky. (Xiju)
Another example is Jiang Xue:
There are no birds in the mountains,
A thousand roads without footprints.
A boat, a bamboo cloak,
An old man was fishing in the cold river snow.
The mountains and rivers covered with heavy snow in the poem are both extremely pure and chilling. A "unique" and a "unique" all show the coldness and loneliness of the environment. A lonely boat on the cold river not only symbolizes the lonely and noble soul of the author! This poem is a typical representative of Liu Zongyuan's landscape poetry style, with a lonely atmosphere and interest in Gao Zhuo.
4. Meng Haoran
Meng Haoran is a representative writer of the pastoral school in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and he is also the first poet who created a large number of pastoral poems in the Tang Dynasty. Most of his poems are landscape poems, or he writes about the scenery he saw in various places during his travels, or about the natural scenery of his hometown. Among them, lonely feelings are often mixed with frustration, and homesickness is integrated into the entertainment of the scenery. Such as Sleeping at Jiande, A Gift from Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang, Homesickness on the River, etc. His pastoral poems mainly show the elegant feelings of seclusion and leisure. Such as "Passing the Old Village" and "Wandering and Thinking Back to Wang Baiyun".
Masterpiece:
Guogurenzhuang
meng haoran
This old friend prepared a delicious meal and invited me to his hospitable farm.
Green Woods surround the village and green hills are located outside the city.
Open the window facing the valley vegetable garden and pass the glass to talk about crops.
Please come here to see chrysanthemums when the ninth festival comes.
5. Chu Guangxi
Chu Guangxi (about 706 ~ 763) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Runzhou (now Jintan, Jiangsu) is from Yanling. My ancestral home is Yanzhou (now Shandong). In the 14th year of Kaiyuan (726), he was a scholar, tied with Cui and Qi. Feng Yi was awarded county commandant, and transferred to county commanders such as Surabaya, Anyi and Xia. This official is not satisfied. He lives in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan. After coming out of the mountain, he became a blessing, and the world called Chu Taizu. Dynamic supervision suggestions. At the end of Tianbao, I was sent to john young.
Masterpiece:
Ye Tian Huang que hang
Gee, Noda Finch, I don't know if my body is very small.
Wandering in the deep wormwood, fighting for food and flying again.
When you are poor and old, there are more dates and fewer mulberry trees.
You can eat without dates and wear clothes without mulberries.
Depression leads to short positions and time regression.
If the ramp is not fast, then the bamboo field is not fat.
Bad water is bad for the heart.