1. The full translation of the ancient text "The Old Man of the Han Dynasty"
During the Han Dynasty, there was an old man who had no son.
Although his family is very rich, he is simple and stingy by nature, and his food and clothing are poor. He gets up before dawn every day and doesn't go to bed until almost midnight. He manages his property carefully and is never satisfied with saving money, and he is reluctant to spend it.
If someone begged him and he couldn't refuse for a long time, he would go to the house to get ten cents, and then walk out, reducing the amount of money he was going to give away as he walked. When he walked out, there was only The next half is over. He closed his eyes distressedly and handed the money to the beggar.
After a while, he warned me again: "I gave you all the money at home. You must not tell others. Others will follow suit and come to ask me for money."
The old man died soon after. His land and house were confiscated by the government, and his money was turned over to the state.
2. The purpose of explaining the whereabouts of the property of the old people in the Han Dynasty is
The old people in the Han Dynasty
There were people in the Han Dynasty who were old and had no children. The family is rich, the nature is frugal and stingy, and he wears bad clothes and eats a vegetarian diet ①. It rises in the morning and rests in the night. It manages the industry and accumulates it without getting tired of it, but does not dare to use it for itself. Some people come to beg for money ③, and have no choice but to go inside to get money ④, and then leave the hall, losing money ⑤ as they go. Compared with the outside, the remaining half is inside, closing eyes to give to the beggars. Xunfu told him: "I have spent all my life to support you, 6, but be careful not to tell him what to do."
The old man died, the land and house had no official, 7 and the goods and wealth were filled with money. .
——According to "Laughing Forest" compiled by Lu Xun in "Ancient Novel Gou Shen"
Notes ① Bad food and clothing: poor food and clothing. ②Invading morning: when it is almost dawn. Intrusion: close. ③ Or person: There is someone. ④ Qian Shi: Ten copper coins. ⑤ Decrease as you go: Decrease downwards as you walk. ⑥Support: Subsidy. ⑦ No official: Confiscated by the government. ⑧ Internal money (tǎng lie): In the old days, it referred to the national treasury. Bian: gold and silk stored in the treasury.
Translation:
During the Han Dynasty, there was an old man who had no sons. The family is very rich, simple and stingy by nature, and has poor food and clothing. He gets up before dawn every day and doesn't go to bed until almost midnight. He manages his property carefully and is never satisfied with accumulating money, and he is reluctant to spend it. If someone begged him and he couldn't refuse, he would go inside the house to get ten cents, and then go out, reducing the amount of money he was going to give away as he walked. When he walked out, only half of it was left. He closed his eyes distressedly and handed the money to the beggar. He repeatedly warned me, "I gave you all my money. You must not tell anyone else. Others would follow suit and come to ask me for money." The old man died soon after. His land and house were confiscated by the government, and his money was turned over to the national treasury. 3. In "The Drunkard's Pavilion", the author was demoted to Chuzhou as the magistrate, and was nicknamed "The Drunkard's Pavilion". What was the author's real intention in writing this article?
"The Drunkard's Pavilion" was written in the sixth year of Emperor Renzong's reign in the Song Dynasty. The author Ouyang Xiu is from my country. He was a famous essayist and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. His articles described the deep and beautiful natural scenery in Chuzhou, the peaceful and tranquil life of the people in Chuzhou, especially the author's fun of traveling and feasting in the mountains and forests.
"The Drunkard's Pavilion" was written in the sixth year of Qingli reign of Emperor Renzong of the Song Dynasty (AD 1046), when Ouyang Xiu was appointed as the prefect of Chuzhou. Ouyang Xiu came to Chuzhou after being demoted in the fifth year of Qingli.
Before being demoted, he served as Taichang Chengzhi's admonishment court, Youzhengyan's Zhigao, and Hebei capital transfer envoy. The reason why he was demoted was because he always supported Han Qi, Fan Zhongyan, Fu Bi and others in participating in the Northern Song Dynasty reform movement that implemented the New Deal, and opposed the conservative Lu Yijian, Xia Song and others.
Han and Fan had been demoted one after another before January of the fifth year of Qingli. By August of that year, Ouyang Xiu was charged with a crime involving a relative. , resigned from the imperial post and was demoted to Chuzhou. Ouyang Xiu implemented lenient politics and developed production in Chuzhou, which enabled the locals to live a peaceful and stable life, with abundant crops and intoxicating landscapes. This made Ouyang Xiu feel extremely happy.
However, the entire Northern Song Dynasty was politically dark at that time, and evildoers were in power. Some people who were aspiring to reform and strengthen themselves were attacked one after another. They saw that the country's long-standing shortcomings could not be eliminated, and the scene of decline was growing day by day. This again It couldn't help but make him feel heavy worries and pain. This was his mood when he wrote "The Drunkard's Pavilion", a mixture of sadness and joy.
These two aspects are blended together and reflected in his works. This article describes the beautiful environment and natural scenery of Zuiwengting Pavilion, outlines a picture of the governor and the people enjoying themselves, and expresses the author's political thoughts and attachment to the mountains and rivers to relieve the complex feelings of being hit.
The author’s praise of the beautiful landscapes of Chuzhou, his efforts and yearning for building an ideal society of peace, stability, and happiness with the people, especially the author’s euphemistic and implicit expression of depression, are very important to the Song Renzong era. The gloomy politics of the Communist Party of China are undoubtedly objectively exposed, and these are naturally shining with the light of thought. 4. Summary of each round of "Water Margin"
I can't fit it all in. Please read the previous 62 chapters here: ●In the 63rd chapter, Song Jiang's soldiers attacked the city gate of Beijing and won the battle to capture Liangshan Po. Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu were captured. The following is below. On death row, Liangshanbo heroes distributed dozens of headless posts. Liang Zhongshu did not dare to kill Lu Yuanwai and Shi Xiu, so he sent Suo Chao to Feihuyu Village, twenty-five miles away from the city, and waited for the people from Liangshanbo to fight with him.
Liangshan parked people and horses, fought against Suo Chao, and Daming Mansion was in danger. Cai Jing was shocked. Guan Sheng proposed a plan to encircle Wei and rescue Zhao, and advocated attacking Liangshanbo.
●Chapter 64: Hu Yanzhuo captured Guan Sheng on a moonlit night, Song Gong captured Suo Chao on a snowy day in the Ming Dynasty. Wu Yong saw through Guan Sheng's plan to surround Wei and rescue Zhao, and gradually withdrew his troops. Hua Rong and Lin Chong ambushed both sides of Feihu Valley and fought off the pursuers.
Song Jiang’s soldiers returned to Liangshan. Zhang Hengjie was captured at Guan Sheng's stronghold.
San Ruan and Zhang Shun rescued Zhang Heng, but Ruan Xiaoqi was captured in an ambush. Hu Yanzhuo pretended to surrender, but Guan Sheng was not suspicious. He stole the camp at night and Guan Sheng was captured.
In the Loyalty Hall, Song Jiang paid great attention to Guan Sheng. Guan Sheng wanted to die at first, but later he was moved by loyalty and joined the group, becoming a forward in the attack on Beijing. Wu Yong defeated Suo Chao in a battle, and Wu Yong deliberately lost the battle to Suo Chao, so that he happily entered the city.
Wu Yong dug a trap in the snow, leading Chaochao to pursue him, but was captured by an ambush. ●Chapter 65: The Heavenly King of Pagoda appeared in his dream and reported his grievances on the white strips of water. Liang Zhongshu could not hold on, so Song Jiang treated Suo Chao with courtesy, and Suo Chao returned to Liangshan.
Song Jiang fell ill, and Zhang Shun wanted to go to Jiankang Mansion to ask An Daoquan for treatment. On the Yangtze River, Zhang Wang threw him into the water and stole him. Zhang Shun bit off the rope, and with the help of Wang Dingliu, went to Jiankang Mansion, killed the fireworks, and forced An Daoquan to go up the mountain.
He threw Zhang Wang into the boat on the Yangtze River and persuaded Wang Dingliu to go to Liangshan. Dai Zong envoys Shenxing Dharma to take An Daoquan up the mountain and cure Song Jiang's illness.
Wu Yong wanted to capture Beijing in the Spring and Autumn Period and rescue Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu. ●Chapter 66: Shi Qian burned the Cuiyun Tower and Wu Yong outsmarted the Daming Mansion. Wu Yong wanted to ambush in the city of Beijing during the Lantern Festival, cooperate inside and outside, break the city and save people.
Wu Yong also told Song Jiang that Taishi Cai in Tokyo was strongly advocating for peace. Lanterns are put off during the Lantern Festival in Beijing.
Liangshanpo Songjiang defended the village, and Wu Yong led eight groups of troops to garrison the city. Shi Qian set fire to Cuiyun Tower in Beijing, causing chaos in the city. Liang Zhongshu could not get out of the four city gates.
Then take the road away from the south gate. In the city, Chai Jin rescued Lu Junyi and Shi Xiu, and captured Li Gu and Jia.
●The 67th Chapter: Song Jiang Appreciates Horses and Infantry, Three Armies, Guan Sheng, Water and Fire, Second General Song Jiang wanted Lu Yuan to sit in the front seat, but Lu refused, and Wu Song and Li Kui were also unhappy. Wu Yong said: "After that, If you have merit, you will give up your position." Song Jiang agreed and rewarded the three armies.
The admonishment doctor Zhao Ding advocated recruiting peace, while Cai Jing advocated suppression and arrest. The emperor dismissed Zhao Ding's officials, and Cai Jing recommended Shan Ting Wang + Gui Wei Dingguo to suppress and capture Liangshan heroes.
With Song Jiang's permission, Guan Sheng, together with Xuan Zan and Hao Siwen, wanted to capture Shanting Wang + Gui (General Shengshui) and Wei Dingguo (General Shenhuo). Guan Sheng used a big sword to make King Shan Ting + Gui fall from his horse, and Shan Yuan surrendered.
Wei Dingguo used divine fire to defeat Guan Sheng, but the city was set on fire by Li Kui. He did not dare to return to the city and settled in Zhongling County. When Guan Sheng besieged the city, King Shanting + Gui and Guan Sheng said that Wei Dingguo had surrendered to Liangshan Po.
●Chapter 68 Song Gong attacked Lu Junyi in Zengtou City tomorrow night and captured Shi Wengong alive in Yubao Silan Liangshan, Zengtou City, with more than 200 good horses. Song Jiang wanted to fight with him and wanted to call Lu Junyi as the front man. The vanguard, after winning the battle, gave up his position, but Wu Yong did the opposite and only asked Lu Junyi to ambush in Pingchuan. Song Jiang and Zeng Jiajun faced each other five times, each with a victory or defeat.
Wu used his tactics to defeat Zeng's army and captured Shi Wengong alive. In the Zhongyi Hall, Shi Wengong was cut open and his heart was cut out, and he was sacrificed to Chao Gai.
Song Jiang asked Lu Junyi to take the throne, but Wu Yong and others disagreed. ●Chapter 69: Dongping Prefecture was trapped by Jiuwenlong by mistake. Song Gongmingyi released his two spear generals. Song Jiang and the leaders attacked Dongping Prefecture, and Lu Junyi and the leaders attacked Dongchang Prefecture.
Before Song Jiang arrived at Dongping Mansion, he first sent Yu Baosi and Wang Dingliu to write a letter of war to Dong Ping. Dong Ping called envoys, which angered Song Jiang and sent Shi Jin to meet with his old acquaintance Li Ruili. Li Ruilan's father sued Governor Cheng, and Shi Jin was sentenced to death row. Wu Yong came to use a plan and asked Song Jiang to attack Wenshang County. Song Jiang besieged the city. Dong Ping went to fight and was captured by the plan.
Dong Ping was at odds with Cheng and the governor due to his marriage, so he surrendered to Song Jiang, led troops into the city, and captured the daughter of the governor Cheng. ●Chapter 70: The heroes were beaten with arrows and rocks without feathers. Song Gongming abandoned his food to capture the heroes. Yuan Lu attacked Dongchang Prefecture, but was defeated by Zhang Qing, who had no feathers and arrows.
Song Jiang went to help the battle, but Zhang Qing hit fifteen generals with stones. Wu Yongjiao used grain carts and boats to make money, and Zhang Qing went out of the city to rob grain. Zhang Qing was captured by the navy leader when he went to grab grain on the boat in the water.
Wu Yong sent people to break into Dongchang Mansion again. Zhang Qing was moved by Song Jiang's loyalty and was willing to surrender.
He also recommended veterinarian Huang Furui to go up the mountain. ●Chapter 71: Zhongyi Hall Shi Jie receives astronomical information. The heroes of Liangshan Bo sit in a row. They make sacrifices at the Zhongyi Hall for seven days, three times a day, praying to God and asking for retribution.
The Stone Jie Heavenly Book serves as a guide for Heaven, with both loyalty and righteousness; one hundred and eight people line up their seats and swear an oath to the Heavenly Alliance. Song Jiang drunkenly composed poems at the Chrysanthemum Party in the hope of recruiting him.
Wu Song and Li Kui made a big noise at the Chrysanthemum Party and opposed the recruitment. Song Jiang wanted to kill Li Kui, but everyone tried to dissuade him and imprisoned him. Song Jiang sobered up and mourned Li Kui, and persuaded Wu Song and Lu Zhishen to recruit him. Song Dong wants to go to Tokyo privately to watch the lanterns.
●Chapter 72: Chai Jin sends a hairpin into the forbidden garden. Li Kui makes a Lantern Festival festival in Tokyo. Song Jiang and Chai Jin pretend to be idle officials. Together with Dai Zong, Li Kui and Yan Qing, they come to Master Li’s house and give him money. Li Kui was dissatisfied with drinking and scolded him.
Song Jiang wanted Li Shishi to start playing for the emperor, but Li Shishi didn't understand. At this time, the emperor came, and Song Jiang and the other three people discussed to issue a letter of recruitment and amnesty. Before the negotiation was completed, Li Kui used the throne to knock down Taiwei Yang and burned Li Shishi's house.
Song Jiang and others left the city first, and Wu Yong sent someone to pick them up. Li Kui and Yan Qing are still in the city.
●Chapter 73: Black Tornado Qiao catches ghosts and Liangshan Bo both sacrifices his head. Li Kui catches ghosts for Grand Duke Di and kills Grand Duke Di’s daughter and his adulterer Wang Xiaoer. Liu Taigong said that his eighteen-year-old daughter had been snatched away by Song Jiang. Li Kui went to Zhongyi Hall, pulled the apricot-yellow flag, and bet with Song Jiang.
After verification that it was not Song Jiang, Li Kui went to Niutoushan to kill the bandits, rescued Liu Nu, and returned to the mountain to plead guilty. ●Chapter 74: Yan Qing beats Optimus Prime with his wits, Li Kuishou and Zhang Qiao sit in the office. Yan Qing goes to Tai'an Prefecture to sumo wrestle with Optimus Prime Ren Yuan, making the doves spin, and drags Ren Yuan down to the stage.
The disciples who lived in the original area made a fuss, and Li Kui got angry and fought. Lu Junyi and others took Yan Qing back to the mountain, but Li Kui was missing, so he sent someone to look for him. Li Kui went to the Shouzhang County government office and pretended to be a county magistrate to judge the case. He let those who beat people go and shackled those who were beaten.
He went to school again to scare away teachers and make students cry. He was dragged back by Mu Hong.
After listening to Cui Jing's announcement, the emperor sent Lieutenant Chen Zongshan to Liangshan to recruit troops to resist the Liao soldiers. ●Chapter 75: The living Yama overturns the boat and steals the royal wine. The black whirlwind scolds the drunkard. 5. Information about the Romance of the Three Kingdoms
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is the first chapter-length novel in ancient China and a classic of historical romance novels.
The novel describes the contradictions and struggles between the three political and military groups of Wei, Shu and Wu headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in the 3rd century AD. In the broad social and historical background, it shows the sharp, complex and distinctive political and military conflicts of that era, which had a profound impact on later generations in terms of political and military strategies.
With vivid language, grand scenes and distinctive personality, this book has created the images of many immortal historical figures such as Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and so on. Its outstanding literary achievements have actually made its influence profound. to all aspects of Chinese literature, art and social life. Before the complete book "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" appeared, all kinds of Chinese novels were generally short in length, and some even only had a few dozen words.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is China’s first full-length novel. We must pay attention to how Chinese novels develop from short stories to full-length novels. It turns out that storytelling was popular in the Song Dynasty, and storytelling became a profession. Storytellers liked to use stories of ancient figures as themes to stage stories. The numerous characters and events in Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" were the best material for stage stories.
Some sporadic fragments of the Three Kingdoms story have been circulated among the people. In addition, the storytellers have collected materials for a long time, and the content has become richer and richer, and the characters have become more and more full-fledged. Finally, many independent stories have been gradually combined and grown. A great work. These isolated stories were passed down orally in society for a long time, and finally were processed and compiled into a book, becoming China's first novel. This is an amazing collective creation.
It is different in form from a novel written by a single author, which deserves our attention. This kind of novel originated from an outstanding author, and later there were also the novel "Journey to the West" about gods and demons and another historical novel "Water Margin".
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is believed to have a certain inspiration for later novels. The origin of historical literature, the literary value of this masterpiece itself, and its impact on later generations are all worthy of our in-depth discussion.
1. The ideological tendency of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: supporting Liu and opposing Cao 1. The expression of the ideology of supporting Liu and opposing Cao in the work; 2. The formation of the ideology of supporting Liu and opposing Cao: four formed in the long-term spread process , Luo Guanzhong inherited it and incorporated it into his work, and Mao Zonggang strengthened it when he revised it; 3. The connotation of supporting Liu and opposing Cao: reflects people's ideals of virtue and benevolent government and their willingness to oppose tyranny; it is a reflection of national thought; It is a reflection of orthodox thinking. 2. The image of Liu Bei and Cao Cao.
1. Cao Cao: treacherous, cruel, hypocritical; talented and far-sighted; - this is a complex image. Luo Guanzhong wrote both the short and long aspects without affecting his tendency. 2. Liu Bei: He is an idealized image of a human king, but at the same time he has a hypocritical side unique to representatives of the ruling class.
3. Description of war. Three major battles: the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the Battle of Yiling. Similarities: They all pitted the weak against the strong, both used fire skills, and the weakest always won in the end.
Different characteristics: The two sides of the struggle have different characteristics and face different situations, so they are never the same when written. Learning content 1. The origin of history-telling literature The speaking skills were very developed in the Song Dynasty.
Talking performances are not limited to goulan tile houses, and performances are also performed in village temples. According to "Tokyo Menghua Lu", Huo Siqiu, a famous artist in Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, was famous for "telling three points", which means telling the story of the Three Kingdoms, while Yin Changmai was famous for telling the history of the Five Dynasties. Both of them were famous for telling the story of the Three Kingdoms. A good historian.
Regardless of whether the speaker is an expert or not, all speakers need speech notes. At that time, there was a "book club" dedicated to writing speeches.
In order to write stories, people in the book club must have profound literary and artistic accomplishments and extensive historical knowledge. The speaker's manuscript may evolve into a longer and longer novel through continuous polishing, additions and deletions.
Naideweng of the Song Dynasty recorded four schools of speech in his "Capital Record: Washe Zhongji": There are four schools of speech: One is novels, which are called silver characters, such as smoke powder, ghosts, and legends. When talking about public cases, they are all about fighting swords and sticks, and getting rich and prosperous.
Talking about iron cavalry, talking about soldiers and horses and golden drums. To expound sutras is to speak about Buddhist scriptures.
To say "please", it means that the guest and host participate in Zen and enlightenment. Talking about history books, talking about the history, literature and biographies of previous dynasties, the rise and fall of wars.
What I fear the most is novelists, who can tell stories from generation to generation in an instant. The fourth one is "Telling about history books, telling about the historical records and biographies of previous dynasties, and the rise and fall of wars."
The story of the Three Kingdoms should fall into this category. The novel "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" can be said to directly or indirectly collect the stories of the Three Kingdoms circulated in the Tang and Song Dynasties, especially the lecture materials of the "Stories of One Dynasty and One Generation" told by the novelist. It has been added and revised numerous times.
Although the Quanxiang Pinghua Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms mentioned below is a product of the Yuan Dynasty, its ancestor may come from the manuscripts of speakers in the Song Dynasty. How does speaking material become a story novel? Probably the speaker originally passed it on by word of mouth, not text, but it is easy to forget when it is passed down by word of mouth. The more embellishments are added to the story, the more complicated the content is and the harder it is to remember. The only way is to record it in words to avoid missing it when telling.
As the written records continue to be organized, the length becomes larger and larger. There are two small issues worth thinking about here: first, the original draft may be relatively simple and rough, and the later revised and revised version may be more complicated, but the opposite is true for the abridged version; second, once the first draft is written and circulated, it will be published by different authors. Artists or writers polish their interpretations, and the same story may later appear in many different versions.
Here are one or two examples. There are three volumes of "Zhizhi Xinkan Quanxiang Pinghua Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms", which were published by the Yu family in Jian'an (in today's northern Fujian) during the Zhizhi period of Yingzong of the Yuan Dynasty (1321-1323). The capital of each volume is engraved with "Zhizhi Xinkan Quanxiang Pinghua Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms" ", generally referred to as "Three Kingdoms Zhipinghua", the original author's name has been lost, and academic circles believe that it is the basis for the speeches of historians in the Yuan Dynasty.
This book is now in the Cabinet Library in Tokyo, Japan. It has 138 pages. Each page has two columns, and the left and right pages are combined. There is a picture on the top and text on the bottom. The speaker holds this book, looks at the pictures and reads the words, and can foam at the mouth and make random remarks.
This is not necessarily the speaker's first draft, but it is an earlier version of the draft, which shows its simpler and rougher characteristics. Another example is "Three-point Story", also titled "Stories of the Three Kingdoms", pictured above and below, three volumes, no author is mentioned, and it also belongs to the Jian'an Bookshop.
Although the first lines of the first and middle volumes are inscribed with "The first and third chapters of the complete new journal of the Zhiyuan Dynasty" and "The third chapter of the complete three-part story of the new journal of the Zhiyuan Dynasty". 6. Who wrote The Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Summary of Luo Guanzhong’s life and representative works, anecdotal evaluation of Chuezi 1. Chuezi: Late Yuan Dynasty.
The war was in chaos. *** and wailing echoed throughout the suffering Middle-earth.
An intellectual nicknamed "Huhai Sanren" wandered around Dongyuan (Shandong), Hangzhou, Luling (Jiangxi) and other places. He worshiped "the Tao travels in time and helps the people" Zhao Kai became his teacher. He made friends with many talking artists and dramatists. He went to Shandong to collect the stories of Water Margin heroes that were circulated among the people. He listened to the songs and tears of the people and compiled novels based on folk tales and operas. Among them, the most praised by later generations is "Three Chronicles", which is set in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. Romance".
Return to the first page 2. Life summary: Luo Guanzhong, also known as Luo Ben, was born in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty. In the middle of the Yuan Dynasty, as the trauma of the war to destroy the Song Dynasty gradually subsided, the economic and cultural focus of society began to shift from the north to the south.
Hangzhou, the ancient capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, not only became a prosperous city with a dense population and developed commerce, but also became an important center for the development of drama performances and "speaking" art. Therefore, many northern intellectuals and "calligraphers", such as Guan Hanqing, Zheng Guangzu, etc., migrated to the Hangzhou area.
As a novelist and playwright, Luo Guanzhong must have been affected by this social trend and became one of this kind of writers who migrated south. Luo Guanzhong was nicknamed "Huhai Sanren". This title implies the meaning of wandering around the world.
Around 1345 to 1355 AD, he came to Hangzhou. Many talking artists tell stories here, and some dramatists also work here.
Luo Guanzhong makes friends with like-minded people. Coupled with his great love for folk literature, he naturally didn't want to leave when he got here.
It was at this time that Luo Guanzhong met Shi Naian, who was living in Hangzhou at the time but was about 20 years older than him. Luo Guanzhong's place of origin is also said to be "Dongyuan native". This is because he lived in "Dongyuan" (today's Shandong Province) for a period of time after wandering out of Jin Dynasty.
He came here because he was attracted by the stories of Liang Shanbo and Song Jiang which were very popular in society at that time. He went there to investigate and learn about the local customs and customs, and collected materials about the stories of the Water Margin heroes that were circulated among the people.
This was an important reason why he later participated in the compilation and creation of "Water Margin". Stories about "Qian Shenggu" and "Beizhou Prince" were also widely circulated in society at that time.
Therefore, Luo Guanzhong collected and organized this story in this area, and even wrote "The Story of Three Chasing the Demons". Around 1360~1363 AD, Luo Guanzhong, who "aspired to be king", came to visit Zhang Shicheng, who was revolting and seeking hegemony.
However, Zhang Shicheng did not value intellectuals and did not listen to their opinions. In September of the 23rd year of Zhizheng (1363 AD), Liu Liang, Lu Yuan and others left one after another. Soon, Luo Guanzhong also left Zhang Shicheng and went north again. In the 26th year of Zhizheng, Luo Guanzhong returned Arrive in Hangzhou.
"The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was written after that year. At this time, he was already in his fifties, had a relatively mature view of history and life, and was fully qualified to create "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
By the third year of Hongwu, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty (AD 137O), Luo Guanzhong had written twelve volumes, and the subsequent volumes were written four years after Hongwu. While Luo Maizhong was writing "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Shi Naian moved from Suzhou to Xinghua and died in the third year of Hongwu.
In order to commemorate his mentor Shi Naian, Luo Guanzhong decided to process and supplement Shi's "Water Margin" after completing "The Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms". The book was written between the fourth and tenth years of Hongwu.
While processing and supplementing "Water Margin", Luo Guanzhong continued to create a series of historical novels. After Luo Guanzhong finished creating these works, he was already in his sixties.
In order to publish these works, he came to Fujian from Hangzhou around the 13th year of Hongwu, because Jianyang in Fujian was one of the centers of the publishing industry at that time. However, this purpose of Luo Guanzhong failed to be realized.
Around 1385 to 1388 AD, Luo Guanzhong lived at the age of seventy and died in Luling, the hometown of Wen Tianxiang, the national hero of the Song Dynasty. Return to the first page 3. Representative works: "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Luo Guanzhong based on long-term folk legends, scripts created by folk artists, operas, "Water Margin" written by Chen Shou and official historical materials written by Pei Songzhi, and added his It was only with his own talents, knowledge and experience that he wrote the "Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms" which had great influence.
After "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" was written, it has been added, deleted, and edited many times by later generations. The most popular one now is the version revised by Mao Zonggang during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The historical story told in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the beginning of the Yellow Turban Uprising in 1844, to the unification of China by the Sima family in 280.
In describing the historical story of nearly a hundred years, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" not only reveals the brutal suppression of peasant uprisings by the feudal land class, but also exposes the various political, military and diplomatic conflicts between them. Fierce struggle. At the same time, it also reflects the various sufferings and hardships suffered by the people at that time and their desire to oppose division and demand reunification.
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" describes the struggles of various feudal ruling groups. The whole book runs through a central idea of ??supporting Shu and opposing Wei, respecting Liu and demoting Cao. It is believed that Shu Han was orthodox and Cao Wei was usurper.
Under the guidance of this kind of thinking, the structure and length of Chen Shou's "Three Kingdoms" are completely reversed. In the "Three Kingdoms", Wei Zhi has the most records, with thirty volumes, and Shu Zhi has the least, with only fifteen volumes.
Among the 120 chapters of "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", the stories told in 104 chapters all involve the Shu Han. In terms of the difference between good and bad characters, Shu Han has more good people and fewer bad people.
In Cao and Wei, there were many people and few good people. In terms of attitudes towards people from all sides, Shu and Han were mainly praised, while Cao was mainly criticized. Therefore, in Luo Guanzhong's writing, Liu Bei was a good emperor who was "lenient to the people".
He treated the people as "no offense at all, and all the people were influenced by it." The common people sang his praises: "New Yemu, Uncle Liu, the people have been prosperous since arriving here.
" When he marched into Xichuan (ie Sichuan), he was welcomed and supported by the people all the way. This is the author's idealized "saint king" and "bright master".
And Cao Cao was a cunning and cruel official. His philosophy of life is "I would rather teach me to betray the people of the world than teach the people of the world to betray me." "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" provides a lot of war experience and various military scientific knowledge. The description of the war, It's very outstanding. When writing about the Battle of Guandu, I first introduce the comparison of the strengths of the two armies.
Yuan Shao’s troops have plenty of food.