There are three steps in our house, which are paved with three bluestones. The stone tablets were brought down from the mountain by my father many years ago, each weighing about 300 kilograms.
The stonemason smiled and carried it on his father's shoulder, saying that he could carry it home at one breath without charging for the stone. As a result, my father recited it three times at once, and he didn't feel that he spent too much effort.
It's just that many coming and going mountain roads have worn out his pair of hemp sandals, which is a pity for his father. The slate was laid in front of the house without being polished by a stonemason.
After years of wind and rain, people stepped on cows, and finally it was smooth, but it didn't smooth out a small depression as big as a coin. When there is water on the steps, there are many small bright spots when looking out from the hall.
If it clears up, when the cross current blows, the green slate will dry faster than the mud, and my father will clean it with a bamboo broom. The slate is green, spacious and cool, and people can't help sitting and lying down. Mother sat on the threshold and worked, and I was put on the bluestone board.
My mother said how good I was then. When I was so good, I knew to get down, grab the green slate with my fingers and draw a thin rustling sound, and I laughed. I opened my mouth and chewed a pile of saliva on the bluestone board, resulting in a mouthful of mud.
If I were bigger, I would stand on that bluestone threshold and jump on the steps. First, take a step, jump, jump, jump! Later, I jumped two steps, jump, jump! Later, I jumped three steps, jump! I felt bored jumping from top to bottom, so I turned my head and jumped from bottom to top, bang, bang, bang! Then I jumped to the second level, bang, bang! Then I jumped three levels, bang! I tried to jump on the threshold in one step, but I had a big fall.
Father patted me on the back of the head and said, this will hurt! Father is very tall, and he feels comfortable sitting on the steps. Father * * * sits on the top floor with his feet on the bottom floor.
His feet are wide, and there are many dry ditches with sand embedded in them. Father's feet can't be washed clean. He usually goes to the bathroom to wash them and drags a pair of wet sandals back.
Probably during the Spring Festival, my father washed his feet at home. That day, my mother was very happy and personally brought him a big basin of water.
The basin of water was steaming, and my father sat on the steps and washed patiently. Because of the sand, my father asked for a scrubber and a floor brush.
Later, my father's feet were finally washed, and finally the true colors of the feet were washed, but they were also yellow, the color of the soil. I poured him water. It was a basin of mud with a layer of sand at the bottom.
Father said that he washed his feet once and felt very light and fell to the ground. Stepping on the hardest bluestone board is like stepping on cotton. Our steps are very low! My father seems to be sighing at me and himself.
He said this sentence many times. In our hometown, there are always steps in front of our house, with different heights, from the second and third levels to more than ten levels.
My hometown is low-lying and the foundation of the house is high, so it is not easy to get into the water. In addition, it is said that the higher the steps, the higher the status of the owner.
Neighbors often joke together: your steps are high! The implication is that your family has status. My father is honest and kind, and he looks down on his eyes all his life. No one said he had status, and my father never thought he had status.
But he looked forward to building a new house with high steps day and night. Father's preparation is very long.
He picked up a brick from the ground today, maybe another tile tomorrow, and then stuffed a ticket into a black crock. Although these are trivial things, he does it very seriously.
So, in a year, he farmed for seven months, went up the mountain to cut wood for four months, picked pebbles on the foundation of the house for half a month, and spent the rest of the year knitting straw sandals. On a hot day, my father came back with a truckload of millet, covered in sweat, and sat on the doorstep without even wiping it.
He began to sharpen the knife. "Sharpen your knife" is a cigarette addiction.
When you are full of smoke, you can quickly "move the knife" and do it well. There is a peach tree beside the steps, and the steps are shaded by green trees.
Sitting in the shade of a tree, my father can see the high steps of other people's homes, and several willows are planted on the steps. Willow branches are always swaying, but they can't shake my father's focused eyes. At this time, a piece of dry smoke floated around my father's head.
Father sharpened the knife. When I was dusting, I rattled the copper lamp of my pipe on the bluestone board and ran to the ground quickly.
In winter, the late rice is harvested, and the flowers in spring are planted in the ground. Father wore straw sandals and went to the mountain to cut wood. He cuts wood and burns fire at home, and sells money for one yuan each.
Father cuts a load and a half a day and gets one yuan and fifty cents. I didn't know how far the mountain was at that time. All I know is that my father set out when the rooster crowed three times and didn't come back until dusk approached the door. He leaned the firewood against the wall, sat on the steps very wearily, took off his worn sandals and leaned against the door wall.
One winter, broken straw sandals were piled on the steps. That's how my father prepared for most of his life.
The crock of the corner ticket was full several times, and pebbles piled up as high as hills in the open space at the door. He finally felt that he could build a house, so he chose a day to break ground.
Father was very excited in those days when he built the house. During the day, he works with invited craftsmen. In the evening, he moved bricks, carried mud and planed materials alone until midnight.
After sleeping for three or four hours, he got up again to arrange his work for the next day. I'm afraid my father will collapse one day.
However, my father was full of energy, always with a smile on his face, and walked from one end to the other in the house, handing a cigarette and a cup of tea. Finally, the last tile on the roof was covered.
Then began to build steps. My father got up before dawn that morning, and I listened to my father's footsteps softly ringing into the yard.
When I got up, my father had stepped on the yellow mud at the door of the new house. Yellow mud is used to build joints. This sticky yellow mud is mixed with lime water and soybean milk water, so the brick joint can't be drilled in.
It is already late autumn, the dew is heavy and the fog is heavy, and my father is floating in the fog. My father's hair is like a drizzle, and every fine hair is struggling to pick one or even a few small drops of water, falling with the rhythm of my father stepping on the yellow mud.
If it is broken, it will roll to the forehead, and the forehead will soon be covered with dew as big as soybeans. By the time the plasterer and two helpers came, my father had stepped on the bed full of yellow mud.
The yellow mud is mixed with lime and soybean milk, which is like corn, red with white, and there are some on it.
2. How to break through the five steps of classical Chinese in college entrance examination? How to break through the five steps of classical Chinese in college entrance examination? How to get twice the result with half the effort? This is a problem that puzzles many senior three students.
Based on past experience, the author puts forward the following suggestions. The first step of combing the review of ancient Chinese prose system with branching method is to establish a framework diagram of ancient Chinese prose knowledge in your mind.
The first layer is the three backbones of words, words and sentences. Secondary words can be divided into function words and content words, and sentences can be divided into four special sentence patterns: inverted sentences, judgmental sentences, passive sentences and ellipsis sentences.
The content words in the third layer can be divided into four categories: ancient and modern different meanings, disyllabic words, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech, and inverted sentences can be divided into four categories: subject-predicate inversion, prepositional object, attributive postposition and prepositional structure postposition. On the fourth level, flexible use of parts of speech can be divided into three categories: noun as adverbial, part-of-speech conversion, causative and conative, while prepositional objects can be divided into three categories: negative sentences, interrogative sentences and "zhi" and "Shi" as markers.
Through such combing, we should be able to construct a clear map of ancient knowledge of China, which will facilitate us to break through one by one and make steady progress in review. It has been checked by many experts to test the existing level of the real college entrance examination paper with full real questions, and it is difficult to match the practice paper with clear direction, moderate difficulty and general training value.
By paying attention to the classical Chinese part of the examination papers over the years, we can clearly see the changing trend of the examination (for example, when the information screening and integration questions appear in the classical Chinese examination, when to summarize the contents and opinions, etc.). ), but also gradually see their own weak links (mainly content words or sentence patterns, etc. The spring exam is often the forerunner of the autumn exam. Although the topic is slightly less difficult, its orientation is worthy of attention.
In addition, the national volume and other provincial and municipal college entrance examination papers have high reference value and are excellent materials for testing self-level. Rereading classic texts with new eyes In recent years, Shanghai has used three sets of high school Chinese textbooks at the same time. Their ancient prose is different, but the textbooks they choose are basically classics, and their humanistic background and language art are worthy of our repeated taste.
Language learning places special emphasis on deepening, broadening and beautifying the sense of language. Repeated reading is the only way to improve the level of ancient Chinese.
With a certain number of intensive reading articles as the basis, you should have a well-thought-out plan to read the ancient texts that are difficult for the college entrance examination. At the same time, the questions of the college entrance examination of ancient Chinese have basically chosen the sentences in classical Chinese.
If you are familiar with the classic texts, you will have a feeling of deja vu when you do the questions, and you will not panic easily. Strengthen your own strength with excellent sentences. The so-called excellent sentences refer to sentences with relatively concentrated knowledge of Chinese in classic texts.
Frequent translation of classical Chinese sentences can improve your language sensitivity and help you quickly find the test sites in classical Chinese sentences in the examination room, thus completing the translation with high quality. Here are ten common classic Chinese sentences: ■ Internal self-deficiency, external resentment.
("The Book of Exhortation") (Famous articles, envoys, behind-the-scenes intermediary-object structure) ■ Why don't you move away from the enemy? ("On Accumulation and Sparse Storage") (Make it move, make it name, preposition object, ellipsis) ■ The world gathers and echoes, and the crops are abundant and the scenery follows. (On Qin) (Vacation, Three Masterpieces) ■ I went to kiss Wei and serve the monarch. I admire the noble benevolence and righteousness of the monarch.
(Biography of Lianlin) (Judgment sentence, fixed structure, different meanings in ancient and modern times) ■ Husband's misfortune is often accumulated in ignorance, while wisdom and courage are trapped in drowning. ("Biography of Lingguan") (form name, passive sentence, word structure) ■ If it comes out, it will be blamed.
(You Bao Chan) (Three important notional words, the structure of words) ■ Stones are loud and everywhere. ("Shi Zhongshan Ji") (attributive postposition, judgment sentence, word structure, ancient and modern different meanings) ■ The path of deception, camping in the grass, riding with the north for a long time.
(Biography of Nan Man in Historical Records) (Motivation, three masterpieces, interface and object structure are behind) ■ There are five people who think that they were arrested by Duke Zhou of Liao, and those who dared died. ("Five Tombstones") (Judgment sentence, the word "zhi" is independent, passive and word-structured) ■ Gong looks at it and presents it as a volume, that is, the surface comes first.
("Zuo Anecdote") (Three Omissions, Masterpiece) Improving the efficiency of review with integration method It is an efficient review method to integrate classical Chinese that has been read from multiple angles on the premise that time is limited and it is impossible to read a lot. Through careful combing, various ancient anthologies can be compiled.
According to the age, you can compile the pre-Qin anthology and the Tang and Song anthologies. According to the author, you can edit Su San's selected readings and works. According to the genre, you can compile Selected Letters and Selected Travels. According to different themes, we can compile Selected Works of War and Selected Works of Officialdom. According to the style, the Twenty-four Classics can be compiled; According to the knowledge of classical Chinese, Zuo's Anecdotes can focus on training ellipsis sentences, and his wife's books can focus on training the word "zhi" to take independence and so on. After such repeated reading, the training value of an ancient prose will be fully reflected.
I believe that after these five steps, your ancient Chinese level will make a qualitative leap.
3. The role of ancient steps in China:
(1) Stairs are the main connection between houses and courtyards.
(2) Ladders can shorten the distance between two points in the landscape and avoid the pain of detours.
(3) The stairs can make people feel higher and higher step by step. Although it takes a lot of effort, its fun can be compensated.
(4) Stairs can create a three-dimensional effect on the ground of the garden, and reduce the unevenness of the ground, which is helpful to beautify the garden layout and make the garden have a broad feeling.
(5) show your identity and status! In ancient times, like the emperor, you had a special step called Imperial Road. Others cannot take the emperor's special steps. In other words, ministers also have the way of ministers, and the people also have the way of the people. You can't make a mistake, that is to say, ordinary people can't take the official road, and officials can't take the official road of the emperor!
4. Ancient prose advocating nature reflects the world with a corner of the steps:
Taoism advocates nature, emphasizes inaction and freedom, and opposes all kinds of behaviors imposed on nature by people. The ideal music of Taoism should be the realm of "big music" and "extreme without music". To some extent, Taoism is against music. In essence, they mainly oppose the metaphysical level of art and emphasize the realm of artistic metaphysics. Zhuangzi further divided music into three categories: nature sounds, earth sounds and human voices. It is believed that only "nature" is the highest realm of music, and it is also music that advocates nature and opposes artificial carving. This deeply influenced the later Qin people's thoughts, such as Bai Juyi, Tao Yuanming, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi. There is a piano on Tao Yuanming's piano desk all the year round, which has neither strings nor emblem. Whenever he is drunk and in high spirits, he always presses a song on the piano. Later, Li Bai wrote in a poem: "The big sound is self-made, but the stringed piano is played." It is not difficult for us to understand the infiltration and integration of Taoism into Qin Le.