In the creative style, it is characterized by imaginative conception and ups and downs.
The basic characteristics of romantic literature;
1 Strong subjective color, preferring to express subjective thoughts and paying attention to expressing personal feelings and experiences. Attach importance to subjectivity, ignore objectivity and self-expression, and ignore objective imitation.
I like to describe and praise nature. (particularly prominent) The author likes to put the characters he understands in the pure and quiet nature, which sets off the ugliness of the real society and the beauty he understands.
3 Pay attention to medieval folk literature. Rich imagination, sincere feelings, free expression and simple and natural language.
Pay attention to artistic effect: exotic Qingdao sentiment, contrast, exaggeration and extraordinary characters.
The development of romantic literature;
German literature
Jena faction:
1 The earliest romantic literary school in Germany. Represented by the Schlegel brothers.
219th century, they first put forward the name of romanticism in the magazine founded by Jena, and systematically expounded their romantic literary thoughts: emphasizing imagination and emotion, emphasizing the absolute freedom of literary creation, and pursuing the mystery and symbol of religion.
Heidelberg Romantic School:
11In the 9th century, a group of writers founded Hermit Newspaper in Heidelberg, forming the Heidelberg School.
Achievements: collecting and sorting out German folk literature. The collection of folk songs "Children's Strange Horn" compiled by Anim and brentano, and the collection of children's and family's fairy tales compiled by Brothers Grimm are all important contributions to German national literature.
Main writers and works:
The works of Hoffman and Chamico are full of mysterious and grotesque colors.
Heine: Under the influence of romanticism, he began to embark on the road of creation.
The publication of On Romanticism ended the leading position of romanticism in German literature.
Early representative works: Silesia textile workers
Later masterpiece: Germany-A Fairy Tale in Winter (a lyric poem) expresses hatred and abhorrence of German feudal system and stagnant social reality.
English literature
Lake poet (first generation English romantic poet)
1 The earliest romantic writers in England were three poets of the Lake School: Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey.
They are far away from the city and live in seclusion in the lake area. They all like to praise nature and describe the patriarchal rural life in order to resist the capitalist urban civilization.
Wordsworth (the highest achievement of lake poets):
Lyric ballads? The preface is called the epoch-making declaration of British romanticism.
The cooperation between lyric songs and Coleridge.
Coleridge: I like to describe supernatural people and things. The masterpiece Ode to the Ancient Ship
The second generation of English romantic poets (Byron, Shelley);
Shelley (Engels called him a "genius prophet");
Queen Mabel: (long poem) Shelley's "prophecy" was first reflected.
Prometheus, the liberated "understanding society".
Natural Landscape Poetry: Lark and ode to the west wind: "If winter comes, can spring be far behind?"
Qi Ci Ode to a Nightingale (Ode): It is famous for its exquisiteness.
Scott: (famous for his historical novels) Ivanhoe, the masterpiece of "Waverly Novels"
Scott's death marked the end of English romanticism.
Jane? Austin: Pride and prejudice, Emma.
French literature
The publication of Hugo's Preface (Cromwell) sets the banner of romanticism and is a declaration of French romanticism.
/kloc-the pioneer of French romanticism in the 0 th and 9 th centuries;
Chateaubriand:
The true meaning of Christianity; Include two novellas:
Adala: It wrote a story that happened in the virgin forest of North America. This is the first romantic novel in France. Hero: Indian: Shaktas, daughter of tribal chief: Adala.
Rene: It's about the confession of an aristocratic youth.
Madame de stael:
Main works: delfina and Corina; Theoretical works Literature and On Germany
Lamartin: Poems, Meditations.
Miao Sai (known as Shakespeare of France);
Confessions of Century Children (autobiographical novel): Created the image of Akdaf, a patient with "century disease".
Dumas: The Count of Monte Cristo and three musketeers.
George? Sang:
Antia: A famous work.
The Grinders of Concevello and Angelburg: Novels with Utopian Socialist Tendency.
Magic swamp: an idyllic novel
Dumas: La Traviata exposes hypocritical social morality and family values through the love tragedy of prostitutes Margaret and Hammans.
Russian literature (19th century, Russia was a serfdom country ruled by the czar)
Praising freedom and yearning for democracy is the main theme of Russian romantic literature (anti-autocracy and striving for freedom).
Zhukovsky, the founder of Russian romantic poetry, is known as "the first lyric poet in the history of Russian literature".
The creation of Pushkin and Ryliyev (members of The Decemberists) formed the climax of Russian romantic literature.
Lermontov: (The basic theme of poetry: the desire for freedom)
The Devil represents the highest achievement of lermontov's romantic creation.
Contemporary Heroes: Masterpieces of Early Russian Novels: The protagonist Bi Qiao Lin is a typical "superfluous person" after onegin. The protagonist's self-analysis and diary form are known as "the first social psychological novel in Russia".
American literature
Irving (Father of American Literature): A Masterpiece of Experience Notes.
Cooper (known as "Walter of America? Scott "):
The sailor is known as "the first American maritime adventure novel"
The series of frontier novels include The Last mohicans, Grassland and Pathfinder.
Allen. Poe: a writer with aesthetic tendency in the history of American literature, known as "the originator of western modernism"
Mystery novels: Mao Mu street murder and stolen letters.
Horror novels: the collapse of old houses and black cats in Ascher
Emerson: Prose.
Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter (novel) The protagonist: Hester? Prynne, Reverend: Dimmesdale.
It shows the destruction of human nature by religion and exposes the hypocrisy of religion, which is called "psychological romance"
Whitman (the greatest romantic poet in America);
Leaves of Grass is the product of the peak of American romantic literature. Including:
The authors of Hearing American Singing, I Sing with Electric Body and Song of Me abandoned the traditional rhythm of poetry and created "free verse".
Literature of other countries:
Mis Kevic:/kloc-the greatest Polish poet in the 9th century. Masterpieces: Poetic drama "Sacrifice to Ancestors" and long poem "Mr. Zhong".
Petofi:/kloc-the greatest Hungarian poet in the 9th century. Masterpiece: Freedom and Love
Terminology explanation
Oriental narrative poems:
11813-1816 Byron completed a series of stories with the theme of oriental stories, which are called oriental narrative poems.
The protagonists in narrative poems are called "Byronic heroes", and these narrative poems are also called "rebel narrative poems".
Byronic hero:
1 Most of these heroes come from Byron's oriental narrative poems.
They are all enthusiastic, brave, strong-willed, proud and lonely. They are all worried about the sorrow of human beings, and they all struggle with their fate without hesitation, and finally they all end in failure and death.
The first book of poetry: idle time
Satire: English poet and Scottish critic
Manfred: It expresses Byron's philosophy of "world sorrow". Manfred, the hero, became the most "Byronic hero"
Mature image.
Cain (Poetic Drama): Based on the protagonist of the Bible, Cain is a representative of human youth who dares to doubt and think and has his own desires and demands.
Don. Juan: (an unfinished long satirical narrative poem or poetic novel): Through the protagonist Tang? The adventures of Huang, an "old friend", spread almost all over Europe, showing the vast social reality in Europe from 18 to 19 century.
The basic structure is composed of Tang? The composition of Juan's two trips.