I knew these three realms of Wang Guowei when I was a normal student, and I was interested in Wang Guowei's "The Thorn on Earth" at that time. After reading this book, I feel that the world of words is so big and deep, and you will find yourself small and ignorant when you wander in it.
Wang Guowei has made great achievements in textual research, philosophy and literary criticism all his life. However, he is particularly proud of his skill in writing words. He once said, "Yu Yu is a poet. Although he has done less than a hundred things, since the Southern Song Dynasty, there has been nothing but one or two. " Wang Guowei just turned 30 when he said this. He only wrote a hundred words, and easily ignored almost all the poets in the past 800 years. Writing can be written to this extent, regardless of historical evaluation, even if he is crazy and confident.
This man was born in 1877 and died in 1927. At the age of 50, he jumped into Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace in Beijing and died without a roof. His life is a process of constantly asking questions about life. Some people say that he is a legacy of the Qing Dynasty, some people say that he is a martyr who cares about the country and the people, and others say that he just can't stand the long-term oppression of his mentor Luo Zhenyu and can't swallow his anger, so he drowned himself. Wang Guowei's dramatic death is very important to historians, but for those who write or paint, the words he left behind are more important than the end of his personal life.
Everyone's Ci Hua is China's most famous work in modern times, and it is also the representative work of Wang Guowei's literary criticism. Among the numerous ci poems in Qing Dynasty, Ren Yi's novel ideas and unique theories broke through the viewpoints of some schools of literature in Qing Dynasty, opened up a new path for the study of China's aesthetics and literary theory, and occupied an important position in the treasure house of China's academic thoughts. Although it is written for the discussion of Ci, it covers a wide range, not limited to Ci, "which can be read as Wang Jia's theory of art and technique" (Ten Theories on Xia Ci). It broke through the views of Zhejiang School and Changzhou School in Qing Dynasty and was original.
On the basis of discussing the gains and losses of poets' creation in past dynasties and combining the author's personal experience of artistic appreciation and creation, Mann put forward the theory of "realm", the center and essence of Wang Guowei's artistic theory. The theory of realm puts forward a view in Ci Hua on earth that the artistic conception of literary works is formed by the combination of the real life described in the works and the thoughts and feelings expressed, and it is the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, ideal and reality, emotion and reason. The so-called realm is not only the scenery, but also the joys and sorrows. It is one of the realms in people's minds and the realm of creation and realism. Here, the meaning of the realm is explained clearly first, and then the composition of the realm is elaborated in detail. "The realm created by great poets must conform to nature, and the realm written by great poets must be adjacent to ideals." "Although realistic, it is also an ideal home." In other words, the realm is the poet's portrayal of nature and the expression of ideal composition. A successful poem must be a close combination of ideal and reality. For example, the interpretation of "realm" in the book includes:
-the word is based on the realm. -the realm is self-contained and has its own famous sentences.
-With or without me. There is my realm, I see things, so everything is my color. Without me, we look at things in terms of things, and we don't know what is mine and what is physical.
-can describe the scenery and true feelings, called realm. Otherwise, it is called boundless. Man is a collection of sixty-four short comments by Wang Guowei, which is his experience in writing ci and a summary of his artistic view. Although the article is short, it is four or two thousand pounds, and the words are precious and powerful. With the formation of traditional words, anti-traditional concepts, terms and thinking logic, he naturally incorporated some new concepts and methods, and the theoretical problems he summed up had quite universal significance, that is, they had a great response among the readers of the old and new generations at that time and had a lofty position in the history of modern literary criticism in China.
The biggest difference between Man and traditional poetry is that he no longer only pays attention to the ethical world of man, but repeats the theme of parting lovesickness and humiliation; Instead, the individual self is thrown into the vast universe, popular and endless eternity, so that the self can face the doomed human tragedy, even split the personality displayed by itself, torture the soul and pursue the fate of rootless life. It is the infusion of Wang Guowei's life and spiritual life, which is different from "the tool of a gosling". Simulation works are the crystallization of the author's exploration and thinking on the basic life problems such as the universe and life, life and death. That's why I only love people. I like his All Scenery is Love. I appreciate his three realms and his spirit of unremitting exploration of life; I envy him more for his free and easy and the freedom of "with or without me".
Finally, I want to end my reading by quoting other people's comments on "Thorns on the Earth". Wang Guowei's Ci Hua on Earth has taken a solid step on the road of the exchange and integration of Chinese and western literary ideas. It is regarded as an epoch-making work in the history of China's poetry and ci-poetry, because of its novel viewpoint, incisive argument and self-contained system. Therefore, naturally attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad.
Selected Readings of "Human Thorn" Model essay 2 "Human Thorn" is a very famous literary theory criticism work in modern times, which embodies Wang Guowei's literary aesthetics and makes China's classical literary aesthetics a milestone in history. He inherited the traditional form of China's literary criticism, but only a few words, and brilliant words were written by him with a brainwave. So this book retains the authenticity of this passage to a great extent. This book is divided into two parts. The first part is the manuscript of Wang Guowei's "Human Thorns". The second part is the appendix. After reading Wang Guowei's Words on Earth, I suddenly feel that the world of words is so big and so deep that you will find yourself small and ignorant when you wander around it.
At first, I came into contact with Wang Guowei's three incisive conclusions: if I want to become a great scholar today, I must go through three lessons: "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the tall building alone to see the world." (Yan's The Recent Flowers is also the first category. "The belt is getting wider and wider, and I don't regret it. I am thin for Iraq. " (Ouyang Yongshu's The Recent Flowers is also the second category. "Looking for him in the crowd, I saw the man in the dim light." (Xin Youan's "Jade Case") The third category is also. I didn't know it was written by him at that time, but I admired the people who summarized the three realms, so I had the idea of eager to read this book. At that time, this book was included in the bibliography recommended by the teacher for studying China's classical literature. Because of my shallow experience, I found it difficult to read and obscure, so I glanced at it in a hurry. But after more than ten years, I have accumulated rich life experience. I read too many books, and suddenly I want to see him again. After rereading, my admiration for this genius increased sharply. His exposition of the realm of ci is indeed extremely incisive and wonderful, which can be called unprecedented and unprecedented. He led the pulse of a generation of literary criticism, instructing people how to appreciate beauty and how to taste, feel and get the edification of beauty in ci. How to appreciate a sentence? For example, he put forward a song "No Man's Land": "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan" and "The cold wave starts, and Bai Niao falls leisurely". There is my realm: "Tears ask flowers without words, and red flies over the swing." "It's like a lonely pavilion in spring and a cuckoo falling in the sunset." He put forward these two important concepts in order to lead the author and readers to a higher level.
There is another point in "Words on Earth" that hit my heart and made me feel deeply. It was put forward in Yuefu poems and midnight songs: "There are only three things people use to drown their sorrows: wine, poetry and death. There are so many things that people come to enjoy, how can they find time to compare words and search for hearts? " That really hit the nail on the head. Emotion is the inner realm of people. Only when they have mountains and valleys in their hearts can they write profound works. The first essence of literary works is seeking truth, and no skill can cover up the perfunctory truth. This is why you can write good works after suffering.
When I read the first edition, I was only impressed by Wang Guowei's comments. A few lines below the text were silent, and there were a lot of poets, poets and critics-completely messy words, "flowers are not flowers, fog is not fog." The so-called words can only be seen from a distance on the water side. Read it a few times more, and you will find that the book is scattered in form but not in spirit. Sure enough, "everyone's works will be emotionally refreshing, and words will blurt out without exquisite costumes." If what you see is true and what you know is deep, you will form a family of your own, with a famous saying, "Charm is not as good as realm. For example, Wang Wei said that "the desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen", and Wang Guowei called it "these realms can be described as eternal quatrains".
Wang Guowei also pointed out that the realm is divided into ideal and reality, as well as the realm with and without me. "There is a creative environment and a writing environment, which is divided into ideals and reality. However, it is difficult to distinguish the two. Because the environment created by great poets is more natural, the environment written will be adjacent to reality. " Just like Feng Yansi's "Drunken Flowers", the words "A tall tree catches the nest, a crescent moon catches the cold grass" are elegant and elegant, and what can impress others is always the sublimation of truth, not pure fiction and realism, which is the essence of beauty.
"The great cause of ancient and modern times, the university asked this, without three worlds. Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I climbed the building alone and looked at the horizon. The second realm,' I will never regret the widening of my belt, I will be haggard for Iraq'. Looking for him in the crowd, suddenly looking back, the man was there, and the lights were dim. This third realm is also. "
Wang Guowei's so-called three realms, the first is the confusion and pain before entering the door, and the second is the persistence and patience when knocking at the door. The third is the joy and relief of getting home and understanding the true meaning. Wang Guowei's words are incisive. If the princes of Yan and Europe were still alive, I would have to admire Wang's talent and wisdom.
However, how many people can taste these three realms? Some people stop sighing before they go upstairs, let alone suddenly look back.
So is academic knowledge, and so is life goal? In order to find and pursue the goal of life, we must first be confused, then struggle, then reflect, finally reach the goal, and then pursue the next one. The goal of life is not unique, but no matter how much, the successful journey of life is intertwined with contradictions, persistence and joy. In Wang Lao's words: give yourself a position. We are now in the stage of searching up and down, or "don't use hidden dragons" I hope that one day, we will ride the wind and waves, and there will be no clouds in Wan Li.
Model essay 4 "He" is a pair of opposing aesthetic concepts put forward by Wang Guowei in "Ren Jian".
Separation refers to the materialization of feelings, scenery, words, artistic conception and realm in the process of poetry creation. Some joints are not suitable and round, which causes separation for readers. On the contrary, poetry creation is perfect, poetic, vivid and meaningful, which is true for a poet and for specific poems or techniques.
This is in line with Mr. Wang Guowei's famous theory of three realms of reading. Mr. Wang Guowei said: "Great career and university inquirers in ancient and modern times must go through three realms:' Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon'. So is this first place. My belt is getting wider, and I am haggard because of Iraq, and I don't regret it. So is this second environment. Looking for him in the crowd, suddenly looking back, the man was in the dim light. So is this third place. "
Mr. Wang Guowei believes that realm is the highest realm of writing, and the core criterion for judging writing is realm.
To tell the truth, I know nothing about words. However, I quite agree with Mr. Wang Guowei that education should be the same, not by skill, but by sincerity.
I have always believed that being a teacher, especially a head teacher, is mainly about interacting with students. I have always told my parents that it would be great if you could communicate with your children normally without obstacles. I'll handle the rest. The problem now is how to communicate with students normally under the pressure of study.
As a result, various communication technologies have emerged. Like pretending. A teacher said this when introducing the experience of roll call. What should I do if I call the roll on the first day of school and find a student whose name I don't know? Just skip, click, and then ask, which classmate hasn't arrived yet? In fact, there is no need at all, and there is no need for teachers to pretend to be superior. They should put down the dignity of teachers. You should look at the roster before class. If you don't know, look it up in the dictionary. This is really a mistake. It's okay to admit it on the spot.
Other teachers like to coax students. To put it mildly, it is encouragement. Now the head teacher seldom scolds students, let alone hits them. The reason is simple: I am afraid of an accident. Not afraid of hurting children, but afraid of students reporting my accident. Obviously, this is not a sign of sincerity, nor is it taught from the perspective of students' growth.
Some teachers like to cheat. Obviously, students can't go to college, but they also lie to students that they can go to one, and they swear. Appropriate encouragement is needed, but if there is no deception in principle, it is unnecessary. In this way, it is better to let students be down-to-earth, slow and steady, step by step, and it is best to go to college. If you can't go to college, you should also consider the future, whether to go to a junior college, repeat your studies, or take another road. Will not delay students because of an illusory university.
Some people say that education is difficult because it is difficult for teachers to influence the results; And I said education is very simple, because teachers can participate in the whole process and enjoy it. Mr. Tao Xingzhi said: Ten thousand teachers in Qian Qian teach people to seek truth, and ten thousand students in Qian Qian learn to be human. We communicate with students with a sincere heart. We don't take, don't pay, don't dream, don't take, let nature take its course. How can education not be simple?
Fan Wenxuan's comment on Shi Shuo Xin Yu 5 Wang Guowei described three realms of life in Shi Shuo Xin Yu: the first one is "the west wind withered the green trees last night, and I went up to the tall building alone and looked at the horizon"; The second kind of "the belt is getting wider and wider without regret, which makes people haggard for Iraq"; The third kind of "looking for him in the crowd, suddenly looking back, that person is in the dim light." Later generations attributed it to three realms: knowledge, action and achievement.
Wang Guowei's theory of three realms is highly respected, and some people follow the division of "three realms": knowledge, goodness and joy; Feng Zhikai believes that "material, spirit and soul" are the three realms of life; Some people think that the three realms of life are nothing more than self, family and society; Others said to know, to be yourself, to be a man; Some people think that ideals, careers and love; Others figuratively compare it as: "Seeing mountains is mountains, and seeing water is water; Seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water; See mountains or mountains, see water or water. " Wait, there are so many forests and so many beautiful things.
The long course of life is a complicated and changeable process, and different people have different views. It can be said that different people have different opinions.
"Seeing mountains is mountains, and seeing water is water." This realm is aimed at children. When they first met the world, they were pure and flawless. Everything is novel. What they see is themselves. You tell him this is a mountain, and he knows it. Tell him it's water and he'll know. A short story can illustrate this point: a group of adults are having a quiz, and the host says "6" and "9" don't turn around, so he has a question: "6+9=?" Everyone is thinking that quiz questions will never be as simple as words. As a result, no one dared to answer immediately, but thought hard. Suddenly, a 6-year-old girl insisted that it was equal to 15, and people gave her strange eyes. It was not until the host announced that the baby's answer was correct that people looked back and blamed themselves for being too complicated and missed the opportunity to answer first. Here is a simple truth, you don't have to be too deliberate.
"Looking at the mountain is not a mountain, and looking at the water is not water." This realm is aimed at middle-aged people. With the increase of age and social experience, people's thoughts have become more and more complicated. Especially in a materialistic society, people cheat and distrust each other. Compared with childhood, people's world outlook, outlook on life and values have undergone profound changes. They no longer believe everything in front of them easily, but use their brains to understand the world. I find that there are more and more problems in this world, and I feel that the society is not so simple and the reality is not so beautiful. Often black and white are reversed, right and wrong are confused, and it is unreasonable to travel all over the world and it is difficult to move. Good people are not rewarded, and evil people live for a thousand years. At this stage, people are angry, unfair, worried, suspicious, alert and complicated. People don't want to believe anything easily. At this time, the mountains people see are no longer mountains in a simple sense, and water is no longer water in a simple sense. It's called sighing at the mountain, so that there are many stories that satirize the present from the ancient times, refer to mulberry as a curse and refer to deer as a horse. Some people stand on this mountain and see that mountain is higher; Immersed in this water, I think the water is clearer, it is difficult to fill the valley, and I am never satisfied.
"Look at the mountain or the mountain, the water or the water." This is for those who have experienced most of their lives or too many events. I have experienced all kinds of events, met all kinds of people or things, and have a feeling of being in the sea and returning to nature. Perhaps you have experienced too much, and your realm is also high. You will no longer worry about meaningless things or things that are harmless or impossible to achieve. Let the world of mortals roll, and I will be cool and bright. In the face of worldly things, laugh it off. At this time, people look at the mountains and see the mountains. Water is water. They know better, they know better, they look at things with a normal heart, and they understand that if they look at things from the perspective of chess players and theater goers, maybe things will be much simpler. As Su Shi said, "I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but toward which corner of the mountain." Wang Guowei said, "The crowd looked for her for thousands of Baidu, and suddenly looking back, that person was in the dim light"! Everyone wants to reach the highest realm of life, that is, the third realm. Appreciating other mountains is a dwarf in the world. A sense of victory after overcoming oneself and exceeding the limit. But in the process of self-refining and self-realization, many excellent qualities are indispensable.
In the long years, we are all passers-by, and all the stories have no results. As a result, we have to walk calmly, without hesitation, hesitation and loss. We should develop to the third realm, which is the highest realm of mankind. "No shame, look at the flowers before the court; I don't want to stay, I want the clouds in the sky to roll. " People come from troubles and persistence, and should go where there is no trouble and persistence. In fact, optimism is not necessarily a good thing. "Life is like a play", "Play is like life", "Life is like chess" and "Chess is like life" just shows that people want to watch plays and chess. Maybe others are right, but we are not wrong. A lot of things are irreversible, and no matter how great things are, they will eventually become clouds. After all the madness, it always ends in peace. What can we do except calm down? The only thing we can do is to face everything calmly and cherish everything calmly. Only in this way can we better face the ups and downs of life, see through autumn clouds and dreams, and accept the impermanence of the world. Just like the realm of life in Xu Zhimo's Farewell to Cambridge: "I left quietly, just as I came quietly, waving my sleeves and not taking away a cloud."
The Story of the World is selected as model essay 6. The Story of the World is full of words and very interesting to read. The talent and wisdom of the author, Mr. Wang Guowei, are amazing.
The great cause of ancient and modern times and the questioner of the university must go through three realms. "Last night, the west wind withered trees, and I went to the tall building alone to look at the horizon." This is the first place. "Clothes are getting wider and wider, and I am thin for Iraq. I don't regret it." This is also the second situation. "The crowd looked for him for thousands of Baidu, and when I turned around, I saw that man was in a dim light", which was also the third place.
This language is unique, incisive, appropriate and high. Otherwise, it's not as good as Mr. Wang's talent. Thinking about yourself, not to mention the dim lights, is the first realm, and you can't go to a tall building alone. It was just yesterday's west wind. There is no way to seek and I am not in the mood.
Everyone's work, its love will be refreshing, its scenery will be bright, and its words will blurt out without delicate makeup.
Beginners' poetry and occasional graffiti works are also the proud works of Yan Yan. However, today, it is difficult to be elegant. It is extremely contemptible to talk about love, have unlimited scenery, be feminine and artificial, and pursue luxury at the expense of nature. This is what Mr. Wang said.
Mr. Wang also said that the poet's words can be divided into excellent and vulgar (this is not the original). The word "advocating the virtuous" is to entertain people, although flattering and amiable; The words of the common people are to show off their talents, and they are always arrogant and unable to get close. Look at me, vulgar child, arrogant and unpopular, ugly.
Words should not be replaced.
However, I am short of ink because of repeated losses. The former young Anwar was invisible, traceless, eager to go and eager to try. Filling in a poem by Jiang Chengzi has the effect of being a good teacher and friend, which makes people laugh at the fact that their family is well-off.
Mr. Wang is the most pushing realm. Yue: the word takes the realm as the top. If you have a realm, you will be unique and have your own famous sentences. This is beyond my power. The realm can be divided into creative realm and writing realm, and it can also be divided into two parts: me and me. I don't want to go into details here. If you are interested in returning to the original work, you will benefit a lot from your accomplishments in poetry.
Sometimes I don't write lyrics, but I have no brains. I really can't bear to surprise Mr. Hu's dream at the bottom of the lake