Three hundred children's Tang poems: dedicated to Du Fu in Chu Shi, Wei Ba.

Introduction of works

"To Wei" was written by Du Fu, and was selected into 300 Tang poems. This poem was written after the poet was demoted to join the army. The poem describes the scene of meeting a teenager's intimate friend, expressing the uncertainty of life, and meeting an old friend is particularly close? . However, after being together for a period of time, I feel that the world is slim and infinite. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。 The first four sentences of the poem are about reunion after a long separation. From parting to reunion, there are also intersections of sadness and joy. The fifth to eighth sentences, from birth to death. Reveals the reality of chaotic war and life-threatening. The sentence 14 from "how to know" to "how to make sense" is about the reunion with Wei Ba Chu Shi and the warm hospitality of his master and family. Express the poet's appreciation of the beauty of life and human feelings. The last two sentences will be very sad, low-key and intriguing. The whole poem is plain and true, with orderly levels.

original text

Give Chu Shi eight guards.

Author: Du Fu

It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening.

Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight.

Two men who were young not long ago now have gray temples.

It shocked us to find that half of our friends had died, which made us sad.

We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again.

You were unmarried when I left, but now these boys and girls are in a row.

They were very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip.

Then, when we talked for a while, they brought me wine and dishes.

Spring chives are cut in the night rain, and brown rice is cooked fresh in a special way.

My host announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups.

But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. .

The mountains will separate us tomorrow. Who can say for sure after tomorrow? .

Precautions:

(1) Chu Shi is a hermit, and eight is Chu Shi's ranking.

(2) Shen (shēn) quotient, two-star name. The allusion comes from Zuo Yue, a.d.: "There were two sons in the past, and Bo was called Bo, and the season was very heavy. Living in the vast forest, they can't compete with each other. Find a war to conquer every day. The Empress did not hide and moved to Shangqiu. Chen was the main cause and Shang was the cause, so Chen was the Shang star. I moved to summer, and I was the main participant. Tang people are the cause of serving the Xia and Shang Dynasties. " ShangXing lives in the east (5 am to 7 am) and Shen Xing lives in the west (5 pm to 7 pm), so they never meet, so they think it's better than that. Moving like this means moving like this.

③ Pale and gray.

(4) Asking about old friends and relatives, half dead.

5] Seeing the sigh of an old friend makes people feel warm inside.

[6] OK (háng)。 Rows, lots of children.

⑺ The word "father's insistence" appears in the Book of Rites Quli: "See father's insistence." It means father's friend. Peng is a borrowing word to pick up, and picking up a friend is a close friend.

No, it's not finished.

Levies "children" means "driving a few". Luo, list the food and wine.

⑽, read out the sound. Huang Liang, or yellow rice. The newly cooked rice is just cooked fresh rice.

⑾ Lord, master, that is, Wei Ba. Weighing means. Cao Zhi said, "The Lord called it Chitose."

⑿ Tired, one after another.

Intention for a long time, the friendship of old friends is deep.

[14] Mountain refers to Huashan Mountain in Xiyue. We are going to break up tomorrow.

⒂ The world, including society and individuals. Two boundless, that is to say, after breaking up tomorrow, we don't know each other's fate. Meeting is extremely difficult, just to see the joy of meeting at night. At this time, the chaos has not yet been determined, so Du Fu has this feeling. According to the last two sentences, this poem was written on the night of drinking.

Rhyme translation:

It is really rare for close friends to meet each other in the world, just like a rising star, a rising star.

What day is it tonight, and I am so lucky to tell you the truth?

Youth and maturity are really short. I don't think you and I are gray.

Asking about old friends has long been a ghost, and I heard you exclaim that the heat flow in your chest echoed.

I didn't expect to have a chance to visit again after twenty years' absence.

You weren't married when you shook hands, but today is a trip to see the children.

They respected their father's best friend and enthusiastically asked me where I came from.

Before three or two questions are answered, you invite them to a family dinner.

Spring leeks cut on rainy nights are tender and long, just cooked and mixed with rice.

You said it was rare to meet each other, and you drank ten cups in a row as soon as you raised your glass.

It's rare for me to get drunk after drinking more than a dozen glasses of wine. Thank you for your kindness to your old friend.

In the Ming dynasty, you and I were blocked by mountains, and human feelings and things were so slim!

Comments:

Notes on the title or background of a book.

In the first year of Gan Yuan, Tang Suzong (758), Du Fu was demoted as the secretariat of Huazhou to join the army for helping to save the government. In winter, I returned to Luoyang, the eastern capital, and visited Luhun Village, my former residence. In March of the second year of Gan Yuan (759), the division of Jiujie was defeated by Yecheng, and Du Fu returned to Huazhou from Luoyang via Tongguan, passing by Fengxian County, and visited Wei Ba Chu Shi, a friend who lived in the countryside as a teenager. We met overnight and said goodbye in a hurry. Soon, we wrote this emotional work and presented it to Wei Ba Chu Shi, expressing our sigh over the separation and vicissitudes of life.

Wei Ba, surnamed Wei, ranked eighth; Life is unknown. Gao Shi has "Seeing Wei in the Eight Snows" and "A Study on Lu Shaofu's Eight Questions of Tongwei". I wonder if it's the same person. Chu Shi, a reclusive official or a scholar with no official and no weight?

Sentence solution

It is almost as difficult for friends to meet each other as the stars in the morning and evening. Tonight is a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight.

Life is impermanent, and it is really rare to meet, just like those two stars who come and go. What date is it tonight? I'm lucky to tell you the truth. Old friends who haven't seen each other for many years often get a lot of life insights, not to mention people who have been separated for a long time. When the poet met Wei Ba again, it was the third year of An Shi Rebellion. Although the two capitals have been recovered, the rebels are still rampant and the situation is turbulent. The first two poems not only express strong feelings about life, but also show the reality of that era. "Move", often. Participating companies and business centers are the names of constellations, and the distance between them is about 180 degrees. One star rises, another star sinks in the west, and when it comes out, it will never meet again. "* * * This lamp is candlelight", and * * * stays in this lamp.

Two men who were young not long ago now have gray temples. It shocked us to find that half of our friends had died, which made us sad.

How long can youth and maturity last? Unconsciously, you and I are both gray. Asking about old friends, most of them have been possessed; Hearing you exclaim for this, the heat flow in my chest echoes. After a long separation, the most obvious thing is the change of the other person's posture and appearance. After exchanging pleasantries and looking at each other, ask each other in detail, then ask old friends and recall old things. When we learned that many old friends were dead, our feelings for each other naturally increased a lot. In retrospect, how can this reunion after the robbery not be gratifying? These four sentences describe people's mood of "it is not easy to be difficult" in the war years, and reveal the social reality after the great separation, which has a strong flavor of the times.

We didn't expect that it would be twenty years before I could come to see you again. You were still unmarried when I left. But now these boys and girls are in a row.

I didn't expect to have a chance to visit again after twenty years' absence. You weren't married when we shook hands, but when I saw you today, my children had already left. Old friends meet again and talk about the past and the present. Although things have changed a lot, my memory still stays twenty years ago. At that time, old friends were not married, and now they are full of children. The poet can't help feeling that the years are rushing, the years are the oldest, and the world is like a dream. This is also how ordinary people feel about life in this situation. "Walking" describes many children. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。

They were very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. Then, when we talked for a while, our daughter drank wine.

They respected their father's best friend and enthusiastically asked me where I came from. Before three or two questions and answers were finished, the children had already set the wine slurry. This passage is taken from Tao Qian's Preface to the Peach Blossom Garden: "Yellow hair hangs over your head and enjoys yourself. The fisherman was frightened and asked what he said. When he answered, he invited him home and set up wine to kill chickens for food. " "Manzhai Poetry" commented that if other poets talked about "they asked me where I had been during my trip", there would definitely be several sentences below to elaborate; And Lao Du went on to say here, "Before the question and answer is finished, they will show me the wine and vegetables." It's really a weather of blocking the Yellow River. Happy, comfortable, happy. "Father", father's friend. "Wine pulp" refers to wine and vegetables.

In spring, leeks are in the night rain, and brown rice is cooked fresh in a special way. My host announced that it was a festival, and he urged me to drink ten cups.

The spring leeks cut on rainy nights are tender and long, and the freshly cooked boxwood mixed rice is delicious. The host said that it was rare to have this opportunity to meet, and he drank ten cups in a row as soon as he raised his glass. Although it was a hastily prepared thin banquet, it was a delicious spring leek cut in the rain, showing the host's hospitality. Although they are all home-cooked dishes, they have a warm and warm family atmosphere. The host raised his glass again and again, and the guests spared no effort to get drunk, to the rare gathering and to the mellow friendship. "between", blending, mixing. Huang Liang, Huang Xiaomi. "Shang", a glass of wine.

But what kind of ten glasses of wine can make me so drunk, because your love is always in my heart. . The mountains will separate us tomorrow. Who can say for sure after tomorrow? .

I seldom get drunk after drinking more than a dozen cups, because I appreciate the affection of my old friends. You and I are going to break up again, just like across the mountain, human feelings and things are so slim! It's hard to meet again after such a long separation, and we will be separated tomorrow, and then it will be difficult, unspeakable sadness and sadness. Before the cloud "life", this is called "world"; In a word, it is to express the feeling that life is not easy to get together and leave. His heart is depressed and his feelings are desolate, so although this poem is simple and true, it has a deep moving charm. "Meaning" is the affection of an old friend.

Comments and explanations

This poem describes the rare reunion scene with a young bosom friend in a realistic way, and shows the unique feeling of being indifferent in troubled times. Its description is full of human feelings, as if it were right in front of us. It expresses sincere and profound feelings through specific and delicate narration. Emotion rises and falls with the meeting between the host and the host, and the scene is vivid and picturesque. This is unique in Du Fu's poems. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Du Yi of Wang Siyuan commented on this poem, "The letter is handwritten, the meaning is exhausted, the ethereal and smooth, and the music is wonderful." In the Qing Dynasty, Pu Yin Long's Reading Interpretation thought that this poem was "full of ancient interest, and the young grave was out of step." All the way is narrative, true feelings, true scenery, and nowhere else. "

The whole poem is better than words, simple and true. Its characteristics are: although the sentence turns, the levels are orderly. Detailed Notes on Du Fu's Poems in the autumn of Qing Dynasty said: "The first narrative is the feeling of gathering and parting in the past and present. Say goodbye to all ages. Finally, I felt the deep affection (hospitality) of Chu Shi, so I said goodbye. " Specifically, the first four sentences are the first layer, describing reunion after a long separation. From parting to meeting, there are joys and sorrows. The following ten sentences in "Young Powerful" are the second level, starting from the separation of life and death, revealing the reality of fighting separation, and human life is at stake; Rewrite the reunion with Wei Ba Chu Shi. The following ten sentences in Q&A are the third level, which describe the hospitality of the host and his family, and express the poet's treasure of the beauty of life and human feelings. The last two sentences, written about the sadness of reunion, are the climax of the whole article. The pen is like a gentleman, stirring people's hearts, but it is low and subtle and intriguing.

Comments:

This poem was written by Du Fu on his way back to Huazhou from Luoyang in the spring of the second year of Su Zonggan Yuan (759). Wei Ba Chu Shi, whose name and life story can't be verified. Chu Shi refers to a hermit.

The first four sentences say that life is like people participating in Shangxing, and they cannot meet each other. When is the evening? Let's talk together in this candlelight. These words, from parting to meeting, are also the intersection of sadness and joy, bringing a strong sense of life into the poem. When the poet reunited with Wei Ba, the Anshi Rebellion had lasted for more than three years. Although the two capitals have been recovered, the rebels are still rampant and the situation is turbulent. The poet's lament hides his feelings about this chaotic era.

Reunion after a long separation, changes in each other's appearance, naturally the most likely to attract attention. Both of them were very young when they left, and now they are all dusty. The sentence "Two men who were young not long ago now have gray temples" comes from the sentence "When can I become", which expresses regret and fear for the rapid changes in the world and life. Then ask each other about the whereabouts of relatives and friends, half of whom are no longer alive. They couldn't help exclaiming and feeling restless. Supposedly, Du Fu was only 48 years old this year. Why did half his relatives die? If the beginning "it is almost as difficult for friends to meet" has vaguely revealed the breath of the times, then half of the deaths of such relatives and friends have more strongly hinted at a big war. After the sentence "How do you know" followed by "Tonight is a rare thing, this candle", the poet deliberately used rhetorical questions, which included the feeling that each other could unexpectedly live to this day. Among them, there is neither liberation of survival nor deep pain.

The first ten sentences are mainly lyric. Then turn to narrative, which has nothing to do with human feelings everywhere. With the passage of twenty years, this time, there was a scene of children walking in rows. Of course, there are also people who suddenly sigh that dusk has arrived. The next four sentences, "Yi Ran", describe the manners, kindness and loveliness of children in Wei Ba. When a poet writes leisurely, he always reveals a sincere and touching feeling. After "They asked me where I went on the trip" here, you can write some scenes of bumpy roads, but the poet only uses the word "then, when we talked for a while" lightly, which shows the beauty of his cutting. Then he wrote about the hospitality of Chu Shi: the dish is spring leek cut in the rain at night, and the rice is delicious rice mixed with yellow rice. This is naturally a home-cooked dish, reflecting the simple friendship between old friends. The following four sentences of "Title Name" describe the situation that the host and guest drink freely. When old friends meet again, they accidentally drink, but they drink ten glasses of wine in a row. This is a sign that the host is not calm inside. The master is still like this, and Du Fu's excitement is of course self-evident. "Just like I have always loved you in my heart?" Summarize the past and present feelings, and always focus on it. In this way, the attachment to "tonight" will naturally cause the sigh of leaving tomorrow. The last two sentences respond to the beginning, "it is difficult for friends to meet each other like the stars in the morning and evening", implying the difference between tomorrow and the past: the difference between the past and the present is that they are fortunate to resume the meeting; Tomorrow's departure, what year will it be? The low back is profound and graceful, which is intriguing.

The poet visited his old friend during the turbulent journey in the 1960s. The reunion of old friends who have been separated for 20 years has undergone great changes, and it is particularly unusual to meet for a short time. As a result, the light in front of us has become a beautiful corner that survived in a chaotic environment; That night, it became the only moment in troubled times with a peaceful and quiet atmosphere; Among them, the beauty of human feelings is more brilliant than the disturbed war. "Tonight is a rare event, * * * this candle", pushed far away by the war, seems like a peaceful life before Shangbeizi, and seems to catch my eye at once. It is conceivable that candlelight is harmonious, emitting the fragrance of yellow pipes and spring leeks, and catching up with old friends is worth cherishing and cherishing for poets who have suffered from troubled times. The poet's description of tonight's events just reveals the beauty of life and the preciousness of human feelings, and makes readers feel how it is in line with people's feelings and wishes to end this war.

This poem is simple and true, with orderly levels. Poets only write with their own feelings and have a strong atmosphere. Different from most of Du Fu's ancient poems characterized by depression and frustration, it is closer to the simple ancient poems of Han and Wei Dynasties and the creation of Tao Yuanming. However, its emotional connotation is richer and more complicated than that of Han and Wei ancient poems, and it has the unique emotional waves of Du Fu's poems, such as overlapping waves, which spread inside the works. In Qing Dynasty, Zhang Shuo was "a vivid scene and a wonderful disappointment" (quoted from Yang Lun's Du Shi Jing Quan), which was a profound insight into inner anguish and frustration. When friends who write poems meet, they begin with the lament that "it is almost as difficult for friends to meet", so when they turn to "tonight is followed by a rare event, and this lamp is candlelight", it is particularly wonderful. However, we don't express our joy because we met, but follow "two young men not long ago" to "shock us and burn our hearts with grief", and our feelings tend to be depressed. In the middle part of the poem, the hospitality of the banquet diluted the sadness of the world and brought happiness to the poet. However, the words to persuade wine are "my host declares it a festival", which brings the feeling of leaving chaos. The poem begins with "It's almost as difficult for friends to meet" and begins with "After tomorrow-who can say for sure?" This is boundless, putting the warmth of a night on the desolate emotional tone. These are all manifestations of the inner gloom of poetry. If we compare this poem with Meng Haoran's Crossing the Old People's Village, we can find that both of them also show the simple and profound friendship of the old people, but because of the different atmosphere of the times, the poet's feelings and writing style are very different. Meng Haoran's mood is calm and cheerful, and even his writing style is faint. Du Fu, on the other hand, is both sad and happy, with deep emotional waves in his heart. Therefore, it is reflected in the fact that although his writing is natural and simple, it is still extremely depressed.

comment

Recently, I read Du Fu's poem "Eight Guards for Chu Shi", and I really admire the author's writing style and characteristics. Therefore, I wrote the following short article to enjoy the masterpieces of poets and saints with you.

First of all, I think Du Fu's poems are from the heart, and he is definitely not moaning and writing poems for the sake of writing poems. Although this poem is 120 words, it depicts a moving picture of a friend's party in extremely concise language, revealing the author's true feelings of cherishing friendship and his desire for future reunion. It fully shows that this masterpiece of Du Fu really comes from a deep feeling of life. It comes from life, but it is higher than life. The little things that happen in life are sublimated in the form of poetry.

Secondly, I appreciate the author's skill in describing things. The characters mentioned in the poem are vivid and vivid, and the process of development is clear at a glance. For example, the 65,438+00-word "Tonight is a rare event, * * * This candle light" shows the heartfelt sigh of friends gathered under a lamp. Another example is "it shocked us to find that half of our friends have died, which made our hearts burn with sadness". It also shows the author's emotion when he learned that most of his friends had died.

Third, I cherish the author as much as gold, and I am impressed by the careful scrutiny and mastery of the text. Du Fu is a poet. For example, "when I left, you were still unmarried, but now these boys and girls are lined up." Very kind to their father's old friends. They asked me where I went during the trip. " A few sentences describe the long-term change of time, the development of the world, and the image dynamics of friends and children. This shows that the author has really put a lot of effort into writing articles. It is said that every time Du Fu writes a good poem, he often asks the opinions of the old peasant woman many times to decide whether to revise it. This cannot but show that the author has a rigorous attitude from beginning to end in order to write a good poem. For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。

In addition, the author expounded profound truth and philosophy in plain language, which I think is commendable. Unlike some poets, he just wants the splendor and rhetoric of his poems, and he looks like grandstanding. It is true that the article should pay attention to color, but it should be based on expressing ideas. As long as you explain your intention, rhyme easily and achieve the good effect of educating people from generation to generation, it is a good poem. This is a good motto! Du Fu's "A glimpse of the top of the mountain shows that other mountains are dwarfed." "All he can see is the smile of his new love, but the cry of his old love is unheard of" and other beautiful sentences are widely circulated and adopted by modern people, which just illustrates this truth. Poetry is neither long nor gorgeous. As long as it is circulated by the world for a long time and has a long life, it will achieve the author's expected purpose.

In a word, Du Fu's poems are closely related to his writing style and characteristics. His writing style and characteristics are also concerned by modern people. I hope today's people can inherit and carry forward the writing style of "Poetic Sage" and provide more and better poems for the world. Give full play to the positive role of poetry in the construction of two civilizations!

Brief introduction of the author

Du Fu (7 12-770), with beautiful words, was named Ye Lao of Shaoling, alias: Ye Lao of Ling Du, Buyi nationality of Ling Du, Han nationality, originally from Xiangyang, Xiangzhou (now Xiangyang, Hubei), and generally thought to have been born in Gongxian (now Gongyi, Henan). A great realistic poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Representative works include Three Officials (Xin 'an Official, Shi Haoguan, Tongguan Official) and Three Farewells (Newly Married, Resigned, Homeless). Du Zhisun, a poet in the early Tang Dynasty. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. He is concerned about the country and the people and has a noble personality. He wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, and his poetic skills were exquisite, so he was called "poet saint" by later gods.

Du Fu was a great realistic poet and world cultural celebrity in Tang Dynasty. Experienced the process from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Du Fu and Li Bai are called "Du Li". In order to distinguish them from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li", and Du Fu is often called "Old Du". Du Fu and Du Mu are distant relatives, both descendants of Du Yu, the general who destroyed Sun Wu in Jin Dynasty (Du Fu was Du Yu's twentieth grandson). Du Fu's middle-aged poems are called "the history of poetry" because of his gloomy poetic style and feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Although Du Fu was not known to the world at that time, his works had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature through the research of later generations. About 65,438+0,500 of his poems have been preserved, and his collection is Du Gongbu. His influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "epics". For more appreciation of Tang poetry, please pay attention to Guo Xuexi's 300 Tang poems in Gutang. com。

Du Fu's poems are good at classical style and rhythmic poetry, and have various styles. He accurately summed up his work style with the words "depressed and frustrated", mainly focusing on depression. Du Fu lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty, and his poems mostly involved social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings. His poems reflect the social contradictions and people's sufferings at that time, so they are called "the history of poetry". Du Fu is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu wrote more than 1500 poems in his life, many of which are famous works that have been handed down from generation to generation, such as Three Officials, Three Farewells and Du Gongbu Collection. Among them, the "three officials" are Shi Haoguan, Xin 'an official and Tongguan official, and the "three farewell" are newly married, homeless and resigned. Du Fu's poems were the most widely circulated in the Tang Dynasty, and he was one of the most outstanding poets in the Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on later generations.

Jin Shengtan, a literary critic in the early Qing Dynasty, called Du Fu's poems, Qu Yuan's Lisao, Zhuang Zhou's Zhuangzi, Sima Qian's Historical Records, Shi Naian's Water Margin and Wang Shifu's The West Chamber "the Book of Six Talents". In contemporary times, Du Fu's loyalty to the country and concern for the people are reinterpreted as nationalism and socialism, and he himself is appreciated by modern researchers for using the "people's language".

Du Fu is famous not only in China, but also overseas. 148 1 year, South Korea translated Du Fu's poems into Korean, which is called Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems and Proverbs. His influence on Japanese literature was relatively late. Until17th century, his reputation in Japan was the same as that in China. Du Fu's influence on Matsuo Bashō is particularly profound. Du Fu is also the favorite writer of American writer Kenneth Rexroth.

Contrast between English and Chinese

To Wei Ba Chu Shi.

Du Fu