Leopold (1887 ~ 1948), an American ecologist, environmentalist and writer, is known as the father of American wildlife management. The representative work "Sha Xiang Yearbook" is a collection of essays and philosophical essays, which has a great influence on the environmental protection movement in the United States.
2. Characteristics of scientific papers
(1) scientific content: the scientific nature of scientific papers is very important. The content must be scientific, the quoted materials must be reliable and the data must be accurate.
(2) Vivid writing: Vivid writing is the main sign that scientific papers are different from general expository writing. How to make the writing of scientific papers vivid? One is good at narration and description, the other is good at interspersed anecdotes, and the third is good at using rhetoric.
(3) the popularity of language: the main purpose of scientific papers is to popularize scientific knowledge, so the language should be simple and easy to understand.
3. Understand the meaning of words
(1) Silence: Shut up.
(2) supercilious: everything is not in the eye, describing arrogance and looking down on everything. The article is a derogatory term, describing the appearance of geese who are aware of the danger on the ground and are very focused when flying high.
(3) hunting: hunting.
(4) withering: (vegetation) withers and withers; Decline.
4. Text structure: Part I (1-5): Describe the cheerful scene when the wild goose comes back as the messenger of spring. The second part (6- 10) describes the characteristics of geese in foraging, gregarious, gathering and singing. The third part (11-13) introduces the consistency of geese migration in all continents, as well as the benefits and natural beauty brought by geese.
5, problem induction
How to understand the first paragraph of the article? This paragraph begins with the title and leads to the full text. The author compares the swallow with the wild goose, and explains in poetic language that the wild goose is the real messenger of spring, bringing people information, hope and joy in spring.
(1) What rhetorical devices are mainly used in the second paragraph? What do you mean by goose? It mainly uses rhetorical devices such as personification and contrast. Give bishop finches, chipmunks and geese thoughts and behaviors; And compare the behavior of bishop finch, chipmunk and wild goose in judging seasons, which highlights the characteristics of wild goose in judging seasons very accurately.
(3) "Birds flying south in June 165438+ flying overhead in October." How to understand "neither humble nor supercilious"? This topic uses the method of understanding the meaning of key words. "Arrogance" originally refers to ignoring everything, arrogance and contempt. Here personification and derogatory terms are used to describe the concentration of geese flying high, because they know the danger on the ground and must go straight to their destination without saying a word.
(4) Combined with the context, talk about the role of geese flying south in the third paragraph. It is written in the content that when the geese fly south, they fly straight without saying a word, and find that the beach swamp will not stay, and compare the performance of the geese when they return below. Structurally, it paves the way for the following, and also forms a sharp contrast, so that readers can understand the different performances of geese.
(5) "As soon as we touch the water, the new guests will scream, as if the water they splash can shake off the fragile cattails in winter. Our goose is back. " How to understand the meaning of this sentence
The "guest" in the previous sentence refers to the wild goose. With anthropomorphic rhetoric, the return of the wild goose was written, which freed cattail and everything from the cold in winter, and the last sentence focused on the author's love for the wild goose.
(6) According to paragraph 6, what does the author mainly describe? What rhetorical devices are mainly used? Tell me about its beauty. This paper mainly describes the movement and singing characteristics of geese before and after foraging. Mainly using simile and personification rhetoric, the image of the wild goose is vivid and full, which makes people see its shape and smell its voice, which fully shows the author's love for the wild goose.
(7) How to understand the meaning of the sentence "monotonous numbers can further stimulate the sentimentality of bird lovers"? "Odd number" refers to six or multiples of six. According to these figures, the six-member goose is a family. Lonely geese are lonely because other members of the family are hunted. The author was originally sentimental about this inference, but now six years' research has confirmed this conclusion, which further aroused the author's sorrow and also represented the sorrow of bird lovers. Few people will be emotional because of monotonous numbers, but the monotonous numbers about geese contain rich meanings and cannot but make people emotional.
(8) In paragraph 9, why did you write the sounds of several animals before the geese sang? Writing the slight sound of snipe, owl and half-webbed snipe paves the way for writing the noisy sound of geese below, and also plays a role in contrast, highlighting the characteristics of geese singing.
(9) In paragraph 9, how does the author describe the singing of geese? How do you express the author's feelings? This topic adopts personification rhetoric expression effect analysis method. The author describes a magical animal world with anthropomorphic rhetoric, and describes the cries of geese as "arguing", "speaking" and "talking". The voice gradually becomes calm from intense, with a sense of hierarchy and picture, which makes the article more vivid and interesting. Expressed the author's love for geese.
(10) What is the meaning and function of the final sentence? This topic uses the meaning of sentences to understand the method of "three grasping and one linking" and the functional analysis method of sentence (paragraph) ending. At the end of the sentence, it is written that the call of geese is "a poem with wildness", which brings poetry to the whole continent. The author thinks that geese are very lovely animals and friends of human beings. Here, the author uses the rhetorical device of metaphor to vividly and implicitly write the author's love for geese and the warmth of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, which highlights the main idea of the article and makes people think deeply. Function: Summarize the full text and make the finishing point.
6. The theme of the text
This paper mainly introduces the singing, foraging, gregarious, flying and other activities of geese through anthropomorphic rhetoric, indicating that geese are friends of human beings, expressing the author's love for geese and calling on people to live in harmony with wild animals.