(1) Poetry is written with images.
Think in images when writing poems. Thinking in images first means that when you go deep into life, you should feel life in images, experience life in images, observe life and analyze life.
Thinking in images should be good at capturing images on the basis of image feelings. Ai Qing pointed out: "The activity of thinking in images is to fix everything that is difficult to capture and everything that is erratic, and present it clearly to readers, as clear as a seal on paper. So he said, "People who write poems often look for images to express an idea. "Can capture the image of the novel, also have the material to write poetry.
Capturing images depends on inspiration. Mayakovski gave an example of capturing the image: he returned to Moscow from saratov in about 19 13. In order to show the woman on the same journey that he has no evil thoughts about her at all, the poet said, "I am not a person, but a cloud in pants." After saying this, he immediately thought that he could write it into a poem-but he was worried that oral uploading would be abused in vain.
He is very anxious. For almost half an hour, the poet asked the girl a lot of questions, and he didn't breathe a sigh of relief until he believed his words flew out of the girl's other ear. Two years later, he used Clouds in Pants as the title of a long poem.
(B) Poetry is an expression of imagination.
Shelley: "Generally speaking, poetry can be interpreted as an expression of imagination." Breslet: "Poetry is the language of imagination and passion." Ai Qing said, "Without imagination, there is no poem". "The most important talent of a poet is to use imagination." The imagination of a poet is different from that of a scientist.
Poetry is a kind of knowledge, which is limited in the rhythm of literature, but extremely free in other aspects, which is related to imagination. Imagination, because it is not bound by material laws, can combine things that are naturally separated at will, and can also separate things that are combined. This leads to illegal spouses and divorce. Poetry distorts everything it touches.
In his fairy tale creation, Andersen wrote: A young man who loves to write poems was distressed because he couldn't write good poems, so he went to a witch. The witch put on her glasses and receiver. He heard the potato singing the history of his family, the wild plum tree telling stories, and one story after another kept spinning in the crowd. What I'm saying here is that to be a poet, it is not enough to have ordinary people's hearing, but also to wear the poet's deformed glasses and headphones.
Therefore, when writing poetry, we should not only accurately observe the characteristics of life, but also have the courage to change these characteristics. Due to deformation, the image of poetry is often symbolic, such as Cang Kejia's "Old Horse":
You have to let the cart fill it up. You don't know your life at the moment.
Anyway, it didn't say a word, just swallowed its tears.
The pressure on the back buckled into the meat, and a whip shadow floated in front of me.
It hangs its head heavily! It looked up at the front.
What is written here is not only a poor old horse, but also the indomitable spirit of northern farmers in the 1930s. "Old horse" is a symbolic image.
(C) the creation of poetic images
Creating an image means "looking for the objective counterpart of an idea". There are many specific methods, such as: turning virtual into real; The transformation between people and things; Transformation between things; Internal and external transformation; Size transformation; Far and near transformation; Less and less; Part and whole transformation; The transformation between history and reality; Reality and future transformation, etc.
What needs to be emphasized is that both the poet's image and the scenery's image in the poem are for expressing emotion, artistic conception and interest. In this poem, emotion is more important than image. Without lyricism, it is necessary to construct images at will, which can only damage poetry.
Second, cleverly conceive the poem.
(A) the inspiration of poetry
Conception is the most important stage in the process of poetry creation. What caused the pregnancy? The short answer is: the impulse to create-the explosion of inspiration.
Ai Qing said: "The so-called inspiration is nothing more than the poet's new excitement about things, his sudden excitement and the flash of his fleeting mind. The so-called inspiration is the most pleasant encounter between the poet's subjective world and the objective world. "
For a poem, inspiration is the reason; For the objective world, inspiration is the fruit. Get inspiration from the objective world and start writing from inspiration. This is how poets write poems. After the "inspiration" broke out, the creation entered the concrete conception.
(B) the concept of poetry
Poetic conception is very important. As for the content of poetic conception, Hegel pointed out in Aesthetics: "First of all, we can immediately exclude purely external and natural things, at least to a relative extent, about the content suitable for poetic conception.
The unique object or theme of poetry is not the sun, forests, mountains and rivers or the external forms of human blood, pulse and muscle, but the spiritual purport. Although poetry also appeals to perceptual observation and vividly depicts it, even in this respect, poetry is still a spiritual activity, which only plays the role of providing inner observation.
What is the way poetry is conceived? The conception of poetry is inner experience. Hegel said: "Since poetry can express all spiritual connotations most profoundly, we should ask the poet to have the deepest and richest inner experience of the subject matter he expresses."
A poet must understand human life from both internal and external aspects, absorb the vast world and its diversity into himself, sympathize with them, experience them deeply and make them profound and clear. Therefore, although poets write poems, not every poem is written by themselves.
However, every poem is written by yourself-that is, through your own heart. Following this method of conception, when writing lyric poetry, because the real source of lyric is the inner life of the creative subject (the poet himself), the poet should only express simple feelings and feelings, and not describe the specific external situation from the appearance and form. "
Extended data
Poetry creation requires vivid images, beautiful artistic conception, profound ideological content, highly concise and concentrated sentences, strong generality, beautiful and vivid images, clear rhythm, highly concentrated reflection of social life, condensed the author's strong thoughts and feelings, imaginative language, concise and vivid, and distinct sense of rhythm. As a literary genre, poetry is mainly lyrical, narrative or reasoning, with rich imagination, and it is also the oldest and most basic literary form in the world.
There are many ways to express poetry. The traditional way of expression that was first popular in China and has been used to this day is "Fu, Bi and Xing". "Preface to Mao Poetry" said: "Therefore, poetry has six meanings: one is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is pride, the fifth is elegance and the sixth is fu."
In the meantime, there is a quatrain called: "Three lights, the sun, the moon and the stars, and four poems are elegant." In the six meanings, "style, elegance and praise" refers to the types of poems in the Book of Songs, and "Fu, Bi and Xing" are the expressions in poems.
Fu: It is a way to express things directly. Zhu, a scholar in the Song Dynasty, said in the Notes on Poems: "The giver must tell the truth." For example, Ge Tan and Slug in The Book of Songs used this technique.
Bobby: It's a figurative way to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. Liu Xie said in "Wen Xin Diao Long Bi Xing": "And what is Bi Ye? Cover things with attachments and threaten to cut them off. " Zhu said, "If you compare, you can compare this thing with another." For example, books in The Book of Songs, such as Cats and Storytelling, are written in this way.
Xing: It's a way to make things interesting, that is, to use the beginning of things to describe things and express thoughts and feelings. In the Tang Dynasty, Confucius said in "Mao Shi Zheng Yi": "Those who get the Tao are happy. Take the metaphor as an example. Those who quote plants, birds and beasts in poetry and prose are happy. " Zhu pointed out more clearly: "If you are interested, you should say something else first to arouse the words you are reciting." For example, Guan Ju in The Book of Songs is the expression of "Xing".
These three methods of expression have been handed down all the time, and they are often used comprehensively and complement each other, which has a great influence on poetry creation in past dynasties.
There are many forms of expression of poetry, which are constantly developing and creating since ancient times, and their application is also flexible, exaggerated, repetitive, overlapping, jumping and so on. It's hard to describe. However, all methods are inseparable from imagination. Rich imagination is not only a major feature of poetry, but also the most important form of expression of poetry.
In poetry, there is also an important technique of expression, which is symbol. Symbol simply means "symbolic meaning", but in modern poetry, symbol is the direct image of the soul and should be paid attention to. From a modern point of view, there are three main ways to create images in poetry:
reference data
Poetry Creation _ Baidu Encyclopedia