Xiao Tong
There is no doubt that there is wine in Tao Yuanming's poems. I don't think it's the wine, but also the wine. His articles are not crowded, with brilliant words, obvious ups and downs, superior to others, and bright words, which are incomparable with Beijing. Cross the elemental wave, swim with it and go straight up. Language and current affairs can be imagined, and the theory of arms is broad and true. Never stop trying to be loyal, to live hard, not to be ashamed of hard work, not to be short of money, not to be a saint, to do evil, how can this be true!
(Xiao Tong's Preface to Tao Yuanming's Collection)
Note: ① Trace: the trace of the heart, the true situation of the heart. 2 ups and downs: the article is full of changes. He Jing: No one can surpass him. Beijing, big. ④ Benedict: firm. ⑤ Scaling: ups and downs. Pollution, decline. Dragon, get up.
10. Explain the meaning of the following words.
(1) ups and downs ()
(2) Don't be ashamed of farming ()
1 1. Xiao Tong spoke highly of Tao Yuanming's creation and personality. Do you agree with him? Please express your opinion from his poems, his articles or any other angle in combination with your reading accumulation.
Reference Answers for Reading Training of Preface to Tao Yuanming's Collection
10.① Important ② In person
1 1. It can be discussed from any angle of Tao Yuanming's poetry, prose or personality, but it must reflect the accumulation of reading on weekdays. The viewpoint can be the same as Xiao Tong's, or it can be unique, but it should be justified and not extreme.
Example of answer:
His poetic language is simple and profound, and he initiated the pastoral school. For example, the poem Drinking, named Drinking, actually expresses a quiet and indifferent attitude towards life. Among them, "picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and seeing Nanshan leisurely" is an intriguing sentence.
(2) The language is fluent and the theme is profound. Xanadu, an imaginary ideal society in the masterpiece Peach Blossom Garden, has a far-reaching influence on later literature. Among them, "Suddenly enlightened", "I don't know how to have a Korean" and "Nobody cares" have lasting charm.
(3) This person "doesn't care about poverty, doesn't learn from wealth", "doesn't admire honor and disgrace", doesn't bend his back for five buckets of rice, and is admirable in integrity and arrogance.
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2. Read the original text of Qian Zhuan in classical Chinese:
Tao Qian, who has a distinctive personality, is also the great-grandson of Fu Kan. Zu Mao, Wuchang satrap. Lately expensive, knowledgeable, intelligent and bold, Ren Zhen is complacent and your neighbor. After reading the Biography of Mr. May 6th, I said, "I don't know who Mr. Wu is or what his last name is. There are five willows next to the house because I think they are numbered. " Quiet, quiet, don't be greedy. Be good at reading, don't ask for answers, and forget to eat as soon as you know something. Sex is addicted to alcohol, but poverty cannot last forever. You won't know until you are old, or you can buy wine and get drunk. I'm drunk and retired. I'm generous. Ring block, the wind does not cover, short brown knot, ladybug empty, is also embarrassing. I often entertain myself with articles, show people with ambition, forget the gains and losses, and end up with it. "Its preface is like this, when people called it a record. know
Zhao Yan, who was poor in his hometown, began to offer wine to the country, which made him unbearable to be an official and turned himself in a few days later. The country is called a master's book, which is not enough. At one's own expense, it is sick. After returning to Zhenjun to join the army, Jianwei said to relatives and friends, "I want to sing a song. Do you think these three roads are worth it? " The deacon heard about it and thought it was ordered by Peng. In the county, Gong Tian told me to grow grain and said, "I am always drunk." My wife invited me to plant japonica rice. It is to plant 50 mu of rice and 50 mu of japonica rice. Simple and expensive, not personal. The county sent Du You to the county, and Li Bai was bound to see him. He sighed and said, "I can't bend over for five buckets of rice." Boxing is evil for the young people in the village! " In the second year of Yixi, he was led to the county and assigned to "return".
Translation:
Tao Qian (Tao Yuanming), with a distinctive personality, is the great-grandson of Fu Taokan. Grandfather Tao Mao, a former satrap of Wuchang. As a teenager, he was noble-minded, knowledgeable, good at making a fuss, free and easy, complacent about his true colors, and highly valued by his neighbors in the village. I once wrote a biography of Mr. Wu to describe myself: "Mr. Wu doesn't know who it is or his name." There are five willows beside the house, and he takes this as his number. " Be quiet, talk less, be vain and practical. I like reading, but I don't go into details. Once I feel something about the contents of the book, I am so happy that I forget to eat. Ben drinks, but because his family is poor, he has never been able to drink. Relatives and friends all know this, and sometimes they buy wine to invite him over. If he goes to drink, he will definitely finish it. The purpose is to get drunk. Go back when you are drunk, and don't restrain your emotions at all. The walls of the house are empty, so you can't keep out the sun and rain. Old clothes are worn out, and rice containers are often empty, so you don't care. Often write articles to entertain yourself, you can show your ambition, regardless of gains and losses, so as to end your life. "His preface is like this. The world says it is the time to record. (Is there something missing? )
Zhao Yan appointed him as a national wine sacrifice because his relatives were old and poor. He didn't wait to endure the official position, and went home by himself in a few days. The country hired him as the master book, but he didn't go, so he cultivated his own land to support himself, so he got a thin disease.
He joined the army as a town army and Jianwei, and said to his relatives and friends, "I want to be a civil servant to earn some money to support my family." The person in charge of these things heard about it and appointed him as Peng's manager. In the county, Gong Tian ordered all the crops to be planted (for wine making), saying, "As long as it can keep me drunk." My wife and children insist on planting japonica rice. So he ordered 50 mu of rice and 50 mu of japonica rice. Always love yourself simply, and don't flatter Mr. The county sent Du You to his county, and the subordinates said they would wear formal clothes to see Du You. Tao Qian sighed and said, "I can't bend down (lose my dignity) for five buckets of rice (these salaries) and work carefully for the country's little people!" After two years in Yixi, he returned his seal and left pengze county, so he wrote The Return of the Native.
3. Reading and understanding of the answers in Lesson 22 of Biography of Mr. Wu Liu, Zhejiang Education Edition. The original text of the second ancient prose, Xu Wei, is a famous scholar. Xue was a gifted scholar when he was at school, and he had the ambition to serve his country. However, he tried several times. Zhong Chenghu Gongzong heard about it and went to be a guest. Every time he sees the length. The leader of literary talent is proud of his subordinates, and the two negotiators, Liu Zhenchang and Yun, will get Bailuyuan, which belongs to the leader of literary talent, as a watch. On the table, Yong Ling is very happy. Surprisingly, all the tricks came from him. Literary and artistic leaders are conceited and curious, talk about soldiers and don't care about the world. However, it is uniform. Since the literary leader lost his ambition, he was set free. I can't see the vast desert. All the mountains I saw ran to the sea, clouds rose in the sand, trees sang in the rain, and most of the valleys were filled with people, fish and birds, all of which were expressed in poetry. There is an indelible anger in his chest, and the hero has lost his way and can't support his feet. Therefore, it is a poem, like laughter and anger, like singing in water, like being unearthed, like a widow crying at night. The spirit of being strict with the law, not touching imitation and hurting talents, not talking and hurting people, Han and Zeng are elegant and out of step with the times. At that time, the so-called masters of Sao altar were all despised and enslaved, so they couldn't be named Yue, which was sad! He likes to write books, and his brushwork is bold and unrestrained, like his poems. He is full of vigor and charm, and Ouyang Gong said that "the demon is a young woman, and the old age has its own residual state". Sometimes, the rest are flowers and birds, all of which are excellent works. He killed his successor with suspicion and went to prison to talk about his death. Zhang Taishiyuan tried to solve it, but came to a conclusion. In his later years, he was angry and benefited a lot from his disguise. I'm not dead. The poems of Zhou and his later years are wonderful, and they are all collected at home. Those who overstepped their official positions in those years were recorded in their notes, and they have not arrived yet. I saw Xu Wenchang Collection and Bian Que. However, the length of the article died angrily because of dissatisfaction with time. Shi Gongri: Mr. Wang is so curious that he is crazy ... When he goes on stage, people are happy, that is, people know that there are gentlemen, but celibacy is not expensive. The rise of Mr. Wang's poetry swept away the dirty habits of modern times and reached a conclusion. What's wrong with it? Mekson wrote a book saying: "Wen Chang is an old friend, illness is strange to people, and people are strange to poetry." I said that Wen Chang is strange, nothing is strange, and nothing is not strange. Sad husband! The famous translator Xu Wei was born in Yinshan. When Xue was an official in Zhejiang, he was shocked by his talent and regarded him as a national. But he was ill-fated and failed to pass the exam many times. Upon hearing this, Zhong Cheng made a show of Hu Gongzong and hired him as his chief of staff. Every time Wen Chang sees Gong Hu, he always wears a plaid robe and a black scarf, and he is free and unrestrained. On the southeast coast of Weizhen, his soldiers always walk slowly sideways in front of him, kneel down to answer, and dare not look up. However, Wen Chang's attitude towards Gong Hu is so arrogant that argumentative people compare him to the first-rate figures of Liu Zhenchang and Du Shaoling. When Gong Hu was hunting white deer, he thought it was auspicious, so he entrusted Wen Chang to congratulate him. After playing the table, Emperor Sejong was very satisfied. Gong Hu is more interested in revisiting Chang. What a surprise! We often hit the nail on the head when we talk about the strategy of using troops. He thinks that nothing in the world has entered his eyes, but he always has no chance to do anything. Because Wen Chang suffered setbacks and was not valued by power, he was a degenerate, drinking wantonly and indulging in landscapes. He has been to Shandong (Qilu) and Hebei (Zhao Yan) and enjoyed the Great Wall. The sound of wind and rain, the shape of strange trees, even deep and desolate valleys and bustling cities, as well as strange people, strange fish and rare birds, all the unprecedented amazing natural and human landscapes are integrated into his poems. His chest has always been filled with strong injustice and the sadness that heroes are useless. Therefore, his poems sometimes curse, sometimes laugh, and sometimes thunder rushes like a mountain torrent in the canyon. Full of energy. His poems are sometimes as piercing as a widow's cry in the middle of the night, and sometimes as helpless as a traveler leaving the cold. Although the style of his poems is sometimes humble, he is ingenious, full of atmosphere and superhuman spirit. Poetry as vulgar as a woman who treats others with color is hard to compare with. Xu Wenchang has a profound insight into the way of writing. His articles are calm and rigorous, and don't stick to the rules. Don't indulge in discussion, so as not to hurt the rigorous logic of the article. What a first-class writer Han Yu and Ceng Gong are. Xu Wenchang's interest is elegant, and he doesn't keep pace with the times. He angrily attacked the so-called literary leaders at that time, so his words were not taken seriously, and his fame was limited to his hometown of Zhejiang, which was really sad! Wen Chang likes calligraphy, and his pen is as unrestrained as his poems. In the bold and heroic, he added a charming gesture. Ouyang Gong's so-called beauty is dying, and there is another charm, which can be used to describe Wen Chang's calligraphy. Wen Chang uses poetry, literature and calligraphy to cultivate self-cultivation. He also paints flowers and birds, which are detached and affectionate. Later, Wen Chang was imprisoned and sentenced to death on suspicion of manslaughter of his stepwife. Fang was released from prison. In his later years, Xu Wenchang hated the world more and more, so he deliberately acted more wild. When dignitaries visit him, he often refuses to see him. He often takes money to the hotel and invites servants to drink with him. He once beheaded with an axe, his face was covered with blood and his skull was broken. He rubbed it with his hand and the broken bones clicked. He also used a sharp awl to get in. But he's not dead. Zhou Wang claimed that Wen Chang's poems became more and more strange in his later years, and there was no printed version. All the poems were hidden at home. In the same year in Zhejiang Imperial Examination, they were entrusted to copy Wen Chang's poems, but they have not got them yet.