He is the king of the gods in ancient Greek mythology, the head of the twelve gods of Olympus, and the supreme god who rules all things in the universe. People often call him "the father of gods and mankind" and "the king of gods", and he is the greatest god in Greek mythology. In Roman mythology, the god corresponding to Zeus is Jupiter, who is regarded as the patron saint of Sagittarius.
2. Hera
It is the goddess of marriage and fertility in ancient Greek mythology, one of the twelve gods of Olympus, and the third generation queen. Cronus and Rhea's daughter, the second generation God King, the ruler who shared power with Zeus, Zeus's sister and seventh wife.
Her name means "lady", "hostess" and "noble woman" in ancient Greek. Hera is called "Hera in Golden Shoes" in the book "Divine Spectrum" by the ancient Greek poet hesiod.
In Homer's epic, she is called "Hera with White Arms", "Hera with Golden Throne" and "Queen with Bull's Eyes", describing Hera, the queen sitting on the throne of Huang Jinbao. She is extremely beautiful, with bright eyes, insight into everything, white arms like lilies, and a beautiful curly hair sticking out from under the crown, showing a dignified and serene expression.
3. Poseidon
It is the sea god in ancient Greek mythology and one of the twelve main gods of Olympus. At the same time, he is also the god in charge of horses. It is said that he gave man his first horse. His mount is a golden chariot driven by a white horse. He is the brother of Zeus and the brother of Hades.
4. Hell
He is the king of the underworld in ancient Greek mythology and the god in charge of the plague. He once infected the city-states of Thebes with a deadly plague, and the plague didn't stop until two young girls, Medea and Monipei, voluntarily sacrificed. In some versions, it is one of the twelve gods of Olympus.
He is the eldest son of Cronus and Rhea, the second generation gods, and the eldest brother of Poseidon and Zeus. His spouses are Zeus, the king of gods, and Persephone, the prison angel of Demeter, the goddess of agriculture.
5. Athena (goddess of wisdom and skill)
It is the goddess of wisdom in ancient Greek mythology and one of the twelve gods of Olympus. She is also the goddess of art and spinning technology. The Tantric Prayer Song called her "the founder of art", and she taught textile, gardening, pottery making, animal husbandry and other skills. Painting, sculpture, music and other arts.
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Mythical narration plays an important role in almost all Greek literature.
However, The Library written by the pseudo-Apollo is the only collection of Greek myths preserved in ancient Greece.
This book contains a lot of original materials about Greek mythology (such as the genealogy of the gods), mainly heroic mythology, and is an important document for modern scholars to study ancient Greek mythology.
In ancient times, this work was considered to be the work of Apollo dolores who lived in Athens from 180 BC to 120 BC, but now it has been proved that this work is an anonymous work or a work of the same name. Actually, it was written in the 2nd century A.D., so it is customary to call the author of this book "pseudo-Apollo dolores".
The earliest references are two of Homer's epics: Iliad and Odyssey.
Other epics in this field have been included in the epic cycle, but these works have been lost, leaving only sporadic fragments and interpretations.
A group of epics that either praise the gods or praise their deeds is called "Homer's Epic", but in fact it has nothing to do with Homer. They are actually hymns handed down from the early days, called lyric poems.
Hesiod, a poet in Homer's basic period, recorded the early Greek myths about the formation of the world, the origin of gods, titans and giants, as well as the detailed myths about genealogy, folklore and the history of human diseases in his book "Divine Spectrum".
Hesiod's work Time systematically recorded the knowledge of agricultural production at that time, and showed a peaceful and beautiful rural life scene. It includes descriptions of Prometheus, Pandora and five eras. These poems give advice and a complete picture of the best way to live in that dangerous period.
Lyrics are often based on myths, but their descriptions often deviate from the facts and add more authors' fantasies. Famous lyric poets in ancient Greece include Pindar, Baike Riddles, Simonides Of Ceos, and pastoral poets Toth and Pion. Their works all contain a lot of mythological elements.
In addition, myth is also the central theme of classical Athenian drama. The tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides are mostly based on the heroes in the mythical era and the Trojan War.
Many famous tragic stories (such as Agamemnon and his children, Oedipus, Jason and Medea) are used as the themes of classical tragedies. Aristophanes's works Birds and Frogs also take myths as their themes.
Historians Herodotus and Dior Dorus, as well as geographers Pausanias and Strappo have all traveled to Greece. They all recorded the stories they heard along the way. Their records confirm the myths and legends in different regions, and there are a large number of unknown versions.
Herodotus, in particular, studied many traditions and discovered many historical or mythical roots of Greece and the East. He also tried to reconcile these origins and integrate different cultural concepts.
Hellenistic civilization and ancient Roman poetry are more literary and artistic. Nevertheless, it still contains many important details that are not found in other works.
These works mainly include: the works and annotations of Roman poets Ovid (Chronology), Statius, Gaius, seneca and Virgil, Servius;
Modern Greek poets: the works of Nunus, Antoninus Leiber laris and Shen Yulun Smyrnaus;
Poets in Hellenistic Period: the works of Apollonius, Calimarcos, Pseudo-Eratosthenes and Badiini;
The works of ancient Greek and Roman novelists Epilias, Petronius, Lorianus and Heliodorus.
Roman writers, such as the pseudo Hyacinus, think that fiction and astronomy are the two most important outlines of myth. The imagination of Philo Stratos senior and Philo Stratos junior and the description of Caliste Stratos are the other two sources of myth.
Finally, Arnobius and some Byzantine Greek writers perfected the details of the myth according to the early Greek works that can't be verified now. The preserved books of these myths include Hesychius's Suda dictionary and the monographs of John Taize and Osta Hughes.
Christianity teaches by quoting Greek mythology:? ν παντ? μ? θ? κα? τ? Δαιδ? λου μ? σο? /enpantimuth not i kai to dai alou musos ("Every myth has the filth of Daedalus").
Sourdis, who is knowledgeable, thinks that the image of Daedalus accords with Pacifi's "evil interest" in Poseidon's Call the Bull: "Because the origins and faults of these demons are all blamed on Daedalus, and he is hated by them, he becomes the protagonist of the proverb."
Most ancient Greek myths or legends come from ancient Greek literature, including Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and hesiod (Hesiod/? σ? οδο? ) works and time and divine spectrum, classic works such as Homer's ode under the pretext of ancient style, plays by Aeschylus, Sophocles and euripides.
Greek mythology originated from the ancient Aegean civilization, which is slightly similar to the Shang and Zhou civilizations in China. They are the ancestors of western civilization, with excellent nature and extraordinary imagination.
In that primitive era, they felt mysterious and difficult to understand natural phenomena and human life and death, so they constantly fantasized and meditated. In their imagination, everything in the universe has life. However, after the Dorians invaded the Aegean civilization, they had to explore the living space because of the overpopulation of the Greek peninsula.
At this time, they worshipped heroes and produced many national hero stories intertwined with people and gods. The stories of people, gods and things created by these people have been collectively called "Greek mythology" by historians after being tempered by time, and the twelfth century BC to the seventh and eighth centuries BC are called "mythological times".
Fairy tales were originally passed down from mouth to mouth, and it was not until the seventh century BC that the great poet Homer recorded them in the form of epic poems.
Baidu Encyclopedia _ Greek mythology