The gate of the ancient town is open to the public, and Hu soldiers often stand near the sand pile. Explanation: The gate of the ancient town is open to the desert, and the soldiers of the Hu people often rely on the hills. Title of poem: "Three Poems from Liangzhou". Real name: Zhang Ji. Nicknames: Zhang Siye, Zhang Shuibu. Font size: Wenchang. Era: Tang Dynasty. Ethnic group: Han. Birthplace: Wujiang, Hezhou (now Hexian, Anhui). Date of birth: approximately 766. Time of death: about 830. Main works: "Old Songs of the Wild", "Chengdu Songs", "Autumn Thoughts", "Liangzhou Ci", "Yan of a Chaste Woman", etc. Main achievements: "Zhang Siye Collection". Belief: Taoism.
We provide you with a detailed introduction to "The Gate of the Ancient Town Bai Qi Kai" from the following aspects:
1. For the full text of "Three Liangzhou Ci Poems", click here to view " Details of "Three Poems from Liangzhou"
In the border town, the geese fly low in the dusk rain, and the asparagus is beginning to grow.
Countless bells are heard far away from Qi, and Bai Lian should be carried to Anxi.
The gate of the ancient town is open to the public, and Hu soldiers often stand near the sand pile.
The envoys patrolling the border should leave early, but if they want to inquire about safety, no envoys will come.
The water in Fenglin Pass flows eastward, and the white grass and yellow elm trees are in autumn for sixty years.
All the generals on the border received the Lord's favor, and no one found the way to Liangzhou.
2. Other poems by Zhang Ji
"Autumn Thoughts", "Yan of a Chaste Woman", "Old Wild Songs", "Liangzhou Ci", and "Chengdu Song". 3. Translation
In the border town, the geese are flying low in the dusk rain, and the asparagus is beginning to grow.
A flock of low-flying geese appeared in the border town in the evening, and the reeds were growing hard.
Countless bells are heard far away from Qi, and Bai Lian should be carried to Anxi.
A group of camels loaded with goods moved forward slowly to the sound of camel bells. The camel caravan going west should still be carrying silk to Anxi via this highway.
The gate of the ancient town is open to the public, and Hu soldiers often stand near the sand pile.
The gate of the ancient town is open to the desert, and the soldiers of the Hu people often rely on the hills.
The envoys patrolling the border should leave early, but if they want to inquire about safety, no envoys will come.
Envoys patrolling the border town should leave as early as possible. If they want to be safe, no envoys will arrive.
The water in Fenglin Pass flows eastward, and the white grass and yellow elm trees are in autumn for sixty years.
The river flowing through Fenglin Pass flows eastward, and white grass and yellow elm trees have been growing for sixty years.
All the generals on the border received the Lord's favor, and no one found the way to Liangzhou.
The soldiers in the border towns all accepted the Lord's grace and rewards, but no one knew how to recapture Liangzhou.
4. Notes
Qiu: Gobi, desert.
Bailian: white hot silk. This generally refers to silk.
Anxi: place name. Tangfang Town had the Governor of Anxi, and its administrative seat was Kuqa, Xinjiang. It also governed the four towns of Qiuci, Yanqi, Yutian and Shule. In the sixth year of Zhenyuan (790), it was captured by Tubo.
Sand pile: also called "sand_", sand mound, small sand dune.
Envoy: Messenger.
Fenglin Pass: It was located in Hezhou (the seat of government is now Linxia, ??Gansu) in Longyou Road in the Tang Dynasty. Located on the south bank of the Yellow River.
White grass: a grass that grows in the north. It looks like a weed but is thin and turns white when dried. It is a favorite food for cattle and sheep.
Huangyu: The name of the tree, with yellowish-brown bark. Both leaves and fruits are edible.
Sixty Autumn: Sixty years have passed since the Tubo occupation of Longyou to the time when the author wrote the poem.
Favor: a favor reward.
Liangzhou: A state belonging to Longyou Road in the Tang Dynasty, and its administrative seat is now Wuwei, Gansu Province. During the reigns of Daizong Baoying and Guangde, it fell into the hands of Tubo. Here, Liangzhou generally refers to the lost territory of Longyou.
5. Appreciation
"Liangzhou Ci" is the name of a Yuefu poem. It was originally a song from the Liangzhou area. Poets in the Tang Dynasty often used this tune to write poems to describe the scenery of the northwest frontier. and war. After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tubo people took advantage of the situation and mobilized their troops to herd horses eastward, occupying dozens of states and towns including Liangzhou in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty (today's area east of Yongchang and west of Tianzhu, Gansu). From the late eighth century to the middle of the ninth century, More than half a century. Witnessing this reality, the poet was filled with emotion and wrote "Three Poems on Liangzhou", which reproduced the bleak scene of the border town from three aspects: the desolation of the border town, the intrusion of the frontier fortress, and the corruption of the frontier generals, and expressed the poet's feelings about border affairs. of deep concern.
One:
The first poem describes the desolation and desolation of the border town. The first two sentences describe the scene seen from above. "The wild geese fly low in the dusk rain in the border town." Looking up at the sky above the border town, it is shrouded in rain, and a group of wild geese fly low. Why did the poet not write about the clear sky in the border town, but chose the gloomy and dim rainy scene? Because at this time the poet had no intention of admiring the scenery of the border fortress, but only used the scenery to express his feelings, and used the sad scene to hint at the uneasy life of the people in the border town under the intrusion of Hu soldiers. In order to enhance the sad atmosphere, the author placed the scene of flying geese in the dusk rain in a specific season. The gloom and desolation of the border town, if it is frosty autumn and cold winter, it is the natural phenology; but this time is neither frosty autumn nor cold winter, but a spring when all things are prosperous. "Asparagus is just beginning to grow and is beginning to grow together." Looking down at the wilderness of the border town, the reeds are sprouting like bamboo shoots breaking through the soil, competing to grow. This sentence has already pointed out that the cold air has dissipated. In mid-spring when the wind is warm and the sun is warm, the border town is still desolate and desolate with continuous rain. It is easy to remind people of the desolation of the four seasons in those years. These two sentences describe the scene with great characteristics. Viewed from above, it shows the gloominess of the border town in a vast space; the dusk rain and asparagus, reflected from above and below, clearly set off the sad scenery in the beautiful season, and have a strong artistic appeal.
The last two sentences are narrative.
Under this sad scene, there must be many tragedies in the border town, and it is impossible for the quatrains to provide a multi-level narrative. The poet seizes the most typical event that happened on the "Silk Road": "Countless bells are far away across the moraine, responding to Tuo Bailian arrived in Anxi. "The "Qi" in this sentence refers to the desert; "Anxi" is an important town in the northwest of the Tang Dynasty, which was occupied by Tubo at this time. Looking at the wilderness of the border town, there are few human traces, and only a string of camel bells can be heard disappearing into the distant desert. This "distant" bell evokes the author's distant thoughts: the prosperous "Silk Road" in the past, in this warm In the spring, there should be an endless stream of caravans carrying silk, passing through Xi'an and heading to the Western Regions; however, now that Anxi has been occupied, the Silk Road is blocked, and countless white silk silks are no longer transported to the Western Regions for trade. , used to mean something profound. How the poet hopes to regain the border town and restore its former prosperity! The clear stroke of "Yingtuo" effectively expresses the poet's strong desire, thus clarifying the theme of this poem.
This quatrain depicts scenes and narrates, intertwining far and near, interweaving virtuality and reality, giving readers rich associations. The first and second sentences describe the close-up scene that can be seen, and use the desolate and bleak atmosphere to strongly hint at the chaos, anxiety, tension and terror of the border town. The "distant past" of Yingtuo Anxi was written about Yingtuo's "remote thoughts", using fiction to bring out reality. On the Silk Road, plunder replaced trade, and depression replaced prosperity. Although this was out of the poet's distant imagination, it has deeply rooted in his mind. It deeply penetrates into the artistic space of readers' imagination.
Third:
Bai Juyi wrote in "Xiliangji": "Forty years after the fall of Liangzhou, Helong invaded seven thousand miles. In peacetime, Anxi is thousands of miles away. Today, the border guards are stationed in Fengxiang. A hundred thousand soldiers are stationed in the border area. They are well fed and clothed. The thieves invaded China, and the rivers and rivers were suddenly deserted. Even the border generals in the city were not ashamed to say this song. "The reason why Liangzhou fell and was not captured was the corruption and incompetence of the border generals. Zhang Ji's third poem expresses this ideological theme, and the style of the poem is completely different. "The water in Fenglin Pass flows eastward, and the white grass and yellow elm trees are sixty-nine in autumn." These two sentences describe the scenery, which points out the long period of time the border town was occupied by the Tibetans, and the desolation and desolation of the scene. "Fenglin Pass" is located in the northwest of Linxia City, Gansu Province. Before the Anshi Rebellion, the border between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo was to the west of Fenglin Pass. With the loss of the four border towns, Fenglin Pass had also fallen. Under the barbaric plunder and violent enslavement of the Tibetan aliens, the land in Fenglin Pass was barren and uncultivated. Year after year, only cold water flowed eastward, white grass grew thickly, and yellow elm trees were everywhere, creating a state of depression. Here, the poet not only uses "white grass and yellow elm" to describe the desolation of Fenglin Pass from the breadth of space, but also uses the specific number "Sixty Autumn" to highlight the severity of the disaster at Fenglin Pass from the depth of time. "Sixty Autumn" is not an exaggeration but a realism. From the fall of the four towns in 762 AD (the early year of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty) to the time the poet wrote this poem in 824 AD, it had been sixty years and had not yet been recovered. The country has been lost for so long and the border residents have suffered so much. Why has it not been recovered? What's the reason? From this the poet issued a deep sigh and an angry condemnation.
"The border generals all inherited the Lord's grace, and no one found the way to Liangzhou." The previous sentence expresses the great responsibility of the border generals. "All inherit the grace of the Lord" shows that the border generals shoulder the important mission of the court, enjoy the country's generous salary, and bear the people's high hopes. It is their bounden duty to guard the border and regain lost territory. However, the land lost in the past sixty years is still under the iron heel of Tubo. This is not because the country's internal affairs are weak and its external forces are insufficient. The latter sentence points directly to the reason: no one among the generals guarding the border mentioned the recapture of Liangzhou. The border general enjoys generous treatment from the country, but does not fulfill his duties to defend the border and recover the lost territory. This shows that he is full of food and corrupt and incompetent. These two sentences are in sharp contrast and strongly condemn the ungratefulness and long-term dereliction of duty of the border generals. It is really abhorrent and sad.
The main theme of this poem falls in the last sentence. The poet does not describe the theme from the front, but writes from the side. This is a significant feature of this poem. The first and second sentences describe the serious disasters in the border town from the perspective of space and time, and they seem to accuse Tubo of its crimes of occupation. However, in connection with the last sentence "No one can explain the way to Liangzhou", the poet's intention is to use reality to condemn It was their negligence that brought about the long-term collapse of the border generals. The border generals have become the sinners of history. The third sentence uses a sharp contrast to sternly condemn the border generals for their lack of talent and virtue, and for turning a blind eye to the lost mountains and rivers. This scene and emotion powerfully highlight the expression of the main theme of the sentence from the side, which is righteous and rigorous, and hearty.
Poems of the same dynasty
"Sangu Stone", "Warm Cui", "Farewell to Xu Kan", "Poems of Hate", "Inscription on Jiadao Tomb", " "Tiantai Chanyuan Couplet", "Song of Everlasting Sorrow", "Recalling the South of the Yangtze River", "Spring Journey to Qiantang Lake", "Ode to the Dusk River".
Click here to view more detailed information about the three Liangzhou Ci poems