Knowledge of ancient Chinese poetry in senior high school 1
First, the difference between objects and images:
Image refers to the appearance of objective things. Such as flowers and trees, mountains and rivers, wind, rain, lightning and other objective things exist in their own forms. Once an object enters poetry, it is branded with the poet's feelings and thoughts. This impression of objective things, which permeates the poet's thoughts and feelings, is the image.
Second, the type of image:
From the content, images can be divided into four categories: scenery, things, things and people. Images usually refer to natural images, social things sung in poems, characters depicted, life scenes depicted, social life plots and historical facts laid out, and are also used to entrust feelings and images.
Third, the characteristics of images.
1, suggesting
Goethe once said: "Compared with western poetry, China's poetry is the most straightforward and implicit." Implication is an important category of China's traditional literary beauty. This beauty is the most taboo. It advocates that the expression of the author's emotion should be included in the image and artistic conception created by the work, which can stimulate association, attract Yao Si and make people memorable. This requires us to reproduce the picture and interpret the story with the help of imagination after keenly capturing the image.
2, certainty
The certainty of images means that the images in poems often have fixed meanings and express the poet's feelings and interests. And these images are always related to people's emotions. In the works of different poets, those concrete images may express the same emotion and content. This requires us to grasp the relevance and remember the image when we appreciate it.
Grasping the image of associative memory
Pine, plum, bamboo and chrysanthemum are noble and pure, and geese send homesickness on the moon. The cuckoo partridge cries sadly, and the buttonwood leaves fall sadly. Out of the water to disperse grief, especially Liu Yiyi in Changting. Crows and swallows rise and fall, and plants are still moving.
3. Poets with different richness will have different feelings about the same image because of their different personal temperament and fate, and strive for the perfect combination of "meaning" and "image" and "me" and "thing" when expressing their hearts. In fact, even the same poet has different feelings about the same object under different circumstances. This requires that when we appreciate the images of ancient poetry, we should base ourselves on the text and distinguish them, so as to avoid preconceived ideas and copying them mechanically. Distinguish according to the text
Outside the bridge, the plum blossoms are lonely, no matter what. Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, already exhausted, but also subject to wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care. Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual. -Lu You's "Yongmei"
Knowledge of China's ancient poems in senior high school II.
Main types of common images
1, symbol image
Express a specific meaning with the help of a specific thing.
Chrysanthemum is endowed with lofty, loyal, tenacious, noble and other symbolic meanings because it drinks frost in autumn.
Drink Mulan in the morning, dew in the evening and chrysanthemum in the evening. Qu Yuan's "Li Sao" is not a preference for chrysanthemums among flowers, and there will be no flowers after the flowers bloom. Yuan Zhen's "Chrysanthemum" would rather die of incense on his head than blow it into the north wind. Zheng Sixiao's "Cold Chrysanthemum" shows the dew on the isolated east fence, and the front ytterbium shines with sand. Two chrysanthemums in Fan Chengda after the Double Ninth Festival
Plum blossom is endowed with the symbolic meaning of not being afraid of setbacks, strong and proud, clean and clear, and not flattering the secular, because it blooms in winter.
A flower suddenly changes, and a hundred flowers blossom. Chen Liang's plum blossom knows from a distance that it is not snow, because it has a faint fragrance. Wang Anshi's plum blossoms are scattered into mud and ground into dust, but only the fragrance remains. Lu You's "Yongmei" stayed until the flowers bloomed, and she laughed among the flowers.
Because pine trees are tall and straight, evergreen all the year round, they are endowed with symbolic meanings such as tenacity, pride, integrity and unyielding.
Don't suffer from cold, pine and cypress have sex. Liu Zhen's "To Brother" wishes your senior to be relaxed, but be careful not to be full of peaches and plums. Li Bai's "Give Wei Want to Know the Song Dynasty until the snow melts". Chen Yi's Song Qingsong
The setting sun is about to set, and it is endowed with symbolic meanings such as short life, fleeting time or frustration.
The west wind, because of its fierce cold, destroys everything, and is endowed with symbolic significance such as everything dying, declining and desolate, or wandering home.
Yellow leaves are endowed with symbolic meanings such as decline, beautiful withering and metabolism. Because their heyday has passed and is about to wither.
Yuanyang is endowed with the symbolic meaning of loving each other and sweet love because of male and female dependence.
Cicada is endowed with the symbolic meaning of noble conduct and noble customs because of its high and distant voice because of the dew in the wind during the meal.
Ice and snow are endowed with the symbolic meaning of loyalty and noble character because they are clean and crystal clear.
Peony, born in a famous garden, has been endowed with the symbolic meaning of wealth, glory, glitz and gaudiness.
Morning dew is caused by cold, but it disappears when it is warm. It is endowed with the symbolic meaning that life is short and fleeting.
2. The image of telling a story
According to the characteristics of the scenery, it contains abstract meaning.
Sacredness, intuition and analogy are the dominant thinking modes of the Han nationality. -Zhang Dainian's "China thinking prejudice"
According to the characteristics of the scenery, it contains abstract meaning.
Water: It is often used to describe the passage of time, because it never looks back. "River of no return, eternal romantic figure" is often used as a metaphor for endless troubles because of its constant cutting and pouring out. "Worry is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water", because it is clear and bright, deep and smart, it is often used to compare the eyes of a beauty. "Through his autumn waters, he was stunned by his faint spring mountain."
Grass: it can be compared to strong vitality. "Wildfire never consumes them, and they grow taller in the spring breeze"; It may be a metaphor for leaving sadness and no longer hating. "hate is like spring grass, and you are still alive as you go further and further"; It may be a metaphor for missing for a long time, "the grass beside the Qingqing River is connected with Philip Burkart Road"; It can be compared to desolation and decline, "after the spring breeze of ten miles, the wheat will be green"; It may be compared to the ups and downs, "the weeds are blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and the sunset is slanting at the entrance of Wuyi Lane".
Yan: As a migratory bird, it means "wandering". "Every year is like a new swallow, drifting in the vast sea ..." Because autumn goes and spring comes, it means "beautiful spring". "Swallows come, news agencies come, and pear flower falls is behind Tomb-Sweeping Day", which means "Love is sweet" because they fly together. "Flowers bloom and fall, travel far and wide ... Dongfeng Caotang Feiyan" means "things are different" because it is attached to the old nest. "In the old society, Wang Xietang flew into the homes of ordinary people."
Du Fu: It is said that Du Yu wept blood, which means "desolation and desolation"; Because it sounds like "it is better to go home", it means "wandering homesick" and "refined and secluded".
Partridge: Because the cry is like "You can't go without your brother", it means "the journey is difficult and dangerous" and "sad and sad".
Hongyan: because it is a migratory bird, it means "homesickness and nostalgia" or "feeling sad when traveling"; Because Hongyan passed books, she often used letters from home. Because of flying high, it is often compared to being ambitious.
Sha Ou: Because he lives in rivers and lakes, he means "wandering", "insignificant, helpless" and "lonely".
Cloud: Because it flies and drifts with the wind, it is often compared to a wanderer who wanders around the world and has no fixed place.
Catkin: because of its large number, it flies around and is endless, and is often used to describe depression.
Residual lamp: Because I am worrying about nothing, I have no sleep all night, so it means loneliness and sadness.
Banana: Because there is music of "Rain Beats Banana" in the south, it means loneliness and sadness.
3. Homophonic images
Homophonic pun is a traditional expression in China's ancient poems, especially in folk songs. It is its basic feature to skillfully use pronunciation as a bridge to express the meaning of the word B in the form of A, so as to express some subtle feelings euphemistically and humorously.
Liu's voice is in harmony with Qing's voice, which means nostalgia and farewell, Lotus's voice means infatuation and infatuation, Pavilion's voice means love and love, and the voice of parting, because it means long thinking, and Mei and.
4. Metonymic images
Mulberry: hometown. "Only mulberry will be respectful." Four books: music. Folk stringed instruments and wind instruments are collectively called. History: Historical Records. Bamboo is baked to remove water and made into bamboo slips. Emei: Beauty. The antenna of silkworm moth is slender and curved, indicating eyebrows. Nanguan: A prisoner with moral integrity. The crown of Chu people in the Spring and Autumn Period. Volunteer: Ask to serve your country. General Han, please use the long tassel to capture the king of South Vietnam alive. Strike: Determined to recover lost ground and serve the country. Man: Man. Beard and eyebrows. Woman: Woman. Originally refers to the headscarf of women. Three feet: law or sword. Xuanyuan: Chinese nation or motherland. Inch tube: brush. Folding laurels: imperial examinations and. Huai Ju: Love and filial piety. Hide oranges when you see Yuan Shu. Huai Sha: Sink with a stone in your arms. It's Qu Yuan's desperate words. Cai Wei: Living in seclusion. Quegong: imperial power. Xu Xu: Women have a gift for literature. With Xie Daowen. Old dreams of the Southern Dynasties: the prosperous past. Guan Shanyue, the name of the song, is more about the feelings of defense and parting. Plum blossom falls-the name of the tune. Write about the cold feeling brought by the fall of plum blossoms. Colorful Feathers-Music and Dance, written by Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, mainly shows the scene of singing and dancing. The flowers in the back garden and backyard of Yushu have been handed down as music made by emperors in the Southern Dynasties, which is a beautiful sound. Yangliuqiu, that is, Yuefu tunes "Yang Liuzhi" and "Zheyangliu", are mostly sad words, mostly for recruiting young ladies. Difficult to go, an ancient name, is about the hardships of the world and the sadness of parting.
Knowledge of China's Ancient Poems in Senior High School III
Reflections on Appreciating Images
(1) Found image; (2) Analyze the basic features of the image; (3) Analyze the thoughts and feelings contained in the image and its artistic effect.
1. Read the following Song Ci and then answer this question.
Partridges in Dao Ji, Yan, ten miles of balconies leaning against the green, cuckoos singing in the depths. Talking to pedestrians diligently is not like a songbird flying for the second time. Sleep in a dream, when it clears up that day. It's better to return than to return. Is it true that the end of the world has not returned, and it is impossible to strive for a return date?
Note Cuiwei: Green water and green hills are green hills. Spend time: whatever, whatever. Why does the author describe the cuckoo's cry in this poem? The ancients thought that the cuckoo's cry seemed to say, "Let's go home! It is better to go home! " The theme of this word is homesickness, and it is most appropriate to start with the description of cuckoo calls.
2. Read the following Tang poem and then answer this question.
There are many weeds and flowers beside Liuyuxi Suzaku Bridge in Wuyi Lane, and the sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane is oblique. Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.
(1) From the perspective of the whole poem, what kind of scenes are reflected in Wild Grass Flowers and Sunset?
(2) In fact, it is impossible for an old Yan who was in front of Wang Xietang more than 400 years ago to fly to the homes of ordinary people now, but what is the purpose of the author's writing like this?
Appreciating Zhuque Bridge across Qinhuai River is the only way to Wuyi Lane in the city. Bridge Lane is adjacent. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuyi Lane was the residential area of aristocratic men. Wang Dao, the founding father, and Xie An, who commanded the Battle of Feishui, all lived here. Sketching the environment of Wuyi Lane with Zhuque Bridge not only conforms to the geographical reality, but also creates the aesthetic feeling of antithesis and evokes relevant historical associations.
Appreciating "wild flowers" gives people a feeling of isolation, and these wild flowers grow on the side of Suzaku Bridge, which has always been lively, indicating that Suzaku Bridge, which was once lively, is now desolate and cold. Sunset in the West highlights the bleak scene of sunset. Appreciate the swallows who once lived on the eaves of Wang Xiequan's high hall, but now they live in the homes of ordinary people. The witness of Swallow's history witnessed the change of the owner of the house, witnessed the prosperity of the past and the decline of today. This contrast implies the author's infinite feelings about the ups and downs of the past.
A: Judging from the whole poem, Wild Grass Flowers and Sunset Oblique reflect a desolate, desolate and declining scene.
A: The purpose is to arouse readers' imagination, secretly write about the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past, play a role in highlighting the contrast between the past and the present, and arouse the vicissitudes of the world.
Read the following Tang poem, and then answer this question.
Night parking near Fengqiao, Zhang Ji, cold night, Jiang Feng, fishing, fire, I am worried about not sleeping. In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship.
Appreciating the complete poem, the poet stayed in Qiao Feng, Suzhou for the night, borrowing scenery to express his feelings and blending scenes. In the dead of night in autumn, the first quarter moon in the western sky gradually falls, the sky darkens and crows exclaim. First frost is everywhere, and the cold is biting. Describe what the poet saw, heard and felt in the hut.
Appreciating the rustling maple trees by the river and the flickering lights on fishing boats triggered the poet's loneliness and homesickness, which made him unable to sleep and miserable. Jiang Feng and Fishing Fire are quiet, dynamic, dark and bright, and the scenery combination is quite intentional.
Appreciate the midnight bell of Hanshan Temple, fly into the cabin, and the poet lies listening to the bell. This unspeakable feeling is all in the words.
(1) What kinds of scenery did the author write in the poem? What are the characteristics of these scenes? (2) What thoughts and feelings did the author express through the description of the scenery?
Answer scenery: the moon sets, birds sing, frost fills the sky, maple trees by the river, fishing fires, Hanshan Temple and bells.
Features: Autumn night is quiet and cold.
The answer is to write about the traveler's feelings of loneliness and sadness.
4. Read a poem by Wang Mian in Yuan Dynasty and answer the questions.
In the snow forest in Wang Mian, Bai Mei, this body is mixed with peaches and plums. Suddenly, the breeze rose overnight and dispersed into a dry spring in Wan Li.
(1) What is the main image created by the author in this poem? What are its characteristics? (2) What writing techniques does the author mainly use? What kind of thoughts and feelings are expressed?
A: The main image created by the author is plum blossom; Highlight its cold resistance (in the ice and snow), lofty (peach and plum mixed with fragrant dust) and spring (scattered as dry Kun and Wan Li Spring).
Answer: Mainly use contrast method (using ice and snow to set off plum's perseverance) and contrast method (using peach and plum to show plum's nobility and perseverance); Expressed the thoughts and feelings of adhering to ideals and morality and not colluding with the secular.
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