The "Left-Left Alliance" is an organization with a distinct political tendency. Many members, such as Rou Shi, Hu Yepin, Yin Fu, Feng Keng, Li Weisen, etc., are revolutionaries themselves and are engaged in practical activities. revolutionary struggle. Therefore, after the "Left-Left Alliance" was established, it was persecuted by the Kuomintang authorities. However, in the harsh political environment, the "Left-Left Alliance" still fought tenaciously, "growing amid slander and oppression" (Lu Xun's "Chinese Proletarian Revolutionary Literature and the Blood of the Pioneers"), and made contributions to the development of the proletarian revolutionary literary movement. made a huge contribution. Established publications and prospered literary creation. After the establishment of the "Left Union", it successively founded a number of publications, such as "Pioneer", "Grudge Monthly", "Beidou", "Literary Weekly", "Literary Herald", "Literary" semi-monthly magazine, etc. , and also reorganized or took over periodicals such as "Popular Literature and Art", "Modern Novels", and "Literary News". These periodicals and magazines attracted a large number of new and old writers, forming a revolutionary literary and artistic army with left-wing writers as the core, and a new situation emerged where literary and artistic creation flourished unprecedentedly. Lu Xun's later essays and historical novel "New Stories", Mao Dun's novel "Midnight", Ba Jin's "Home", Lao She's "Camel Xiangzi", Cao Yu's "Thunderstorm", Jiang Guangchi's "The Roaring Land" , the plays of Xia Yan, Tian Han, and Hong Shen are all important achievements of creation during this period. Under the care and love of Lu Xun, a group of young writers such as Ye Zi, Sha Ting, Ai Wu, Ding Ling, Zhang Tianyi, Zhou Libo, Xiao Jun, Xiao Hong, etc. grew up and wrote a large number of eye-catching works, which fully demonstrated the proletarian revolution. The achievements of the literary movement.
Strengthening ties with world literature According to statistics, about 700 foreign literary books were translated and published during the "Left-Left Alliance" period, accounting for 40% of the total translations nationwide from 1919 to 1949. In addition to translating a number of early Soviet proletarian literary works such as Gorky's "Mother", Fadeev's "Destruction", Serafimovich's "Iron Flow", Sholokhov's "The Virgin Land", etc. In addition, Sinclair's "The Slaughterhouse", Remarque's "No Story on the Western Front", Dreiser's "An American Tragedy", Mark Twain's "Tom Sayer", Kobayashi Takiji's "Crab Boat King" ” and other progressive writers’ works from other countries have also been introduced to China. "Running Current" (edited by Lu Xun and Yu Dafu) and "Translation" (edited by Lu Xun and Mao Dun) have translated and introduced Ibsen, Whitman, Tolstoy, Lermontov, Mitsikkeviz, and Petofi , Chekhov, Gogol and other writers' works. In 1935, Zheng Zhenduo presided over the editing of the "World Library", which is famous for its large scale. It contains Gogol's "Dead Souls" (translated by Lu Xun), Goethe's "Faust" (translated by Guo Moruo), Boccaccio's " "The Decameron" (translated by Wu Guangjian), Cervantes' "Monsieur Quixote" (translated by Fu Donghua), Rousseau's "Confessions" (translated by Zhang Jingsheng), Charlotte Bront?'s "Jane Eyre" (translated by Fu Donghua) Translated by Li Jiyun) and many other foreign literary masterpieces. While introducing the works of foreign writers, the works of Chinese writers such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Zhang Tianyi, and Ding Ling were also promoted to the world.
Promote the popularization movement of literature and art Since left-wing literature and art serve the masses of workers and peasants, the issue of popularization of literature and art must be brought to the forefront. After the "Left-Left Alliance" was established, it established the "Research Association for the Popularization of Literature and Art". In 1931, the Executive Committee of the Left Federation, in a resolution entitled "New Tasks of Proletarian Revolutionary Literature in China," clearly stipulated that "the popularization of literature" was the "first major issue" in the construction of proletarian revolutionary literature. The issue of popularization is one of the focuses of left-wing literary theory. Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Feng Naichao, Zheng Boqi, Shen Duanxian, Hua Han (Yang Hansheng), Qu Qiubai, Feng Xuefeng, Mao Dun, Zhou Yang, etc. have all published articles and participated in the discussion of this issue. . Feng Xuefeng (Luo Yang) believes: "'Popularization of literature and art' is not an empty phrase, nor is it a general issue. 'Popularization of literature' is a very urgent task of the current popular revolutionary literary movement in China." He also said: "'Popularization of literature' "On the one hand, we need to improve the public's literary accomplishment, and on the other hand, we must remove those non-popular things in our works that are not necessary for the public to understand, and at the same time, we must incorporate new public demands and make the works closer to the public's demands." ("On the Popularization of Literature", "Literature", Volume 1, Issue 1, July 1933) In order to make revolutionary literature and art acceptable to the public, many people advocate the use of old forms familiar to the public. Qu Qiubai believes that new elements should be added to the old form. He said: “Revolutionary popular literature and art must, at the beginning, make use of the advantages of the old forms—the novels, poems, and dramas that the masses are accustomed to reading—and gradually add new elements to cultivate new habits of the masses, and work with the masses. Together we can improve the level of art." ("On the Work of Revolutionary Anti-Imperialist Popular Literature and Art", "Literary Herald" Vol. 1, Issues 6 and 7) Lu Xun in his article "On the Adoption of Old Forms". It points out that old forms cannot be copied blindly, nor can they be completely negated. He believed: "The adoption of old forms must be deleted, and once deleted, something must be added. The result is the emergence of new forms, that is, changes." Lu Xun's views are dialectical, and he grasps the importance of artistic forms. Development Law. Writers of the League of Leftists, including Lu Xun, also wrote some popular literary works, such as Lu Xun's "Song of Good Things" and "Nanjing Folk Songs", Qu Qiubai's "The Japanese Send Troops", "Shanghai War Scenes", etc.
Although popular literature at this time was not able to succeed because the conditions were not yet mature, the discussion of popularization issues by the writers of the "Left-Left Alliance" played a great role in promoting the popularization of literature and art movement. Paying Attention to the Innovation of Creative Methods The proletarian literary movement with the "Left-Left Union" as its core attaches great importance to the innovation of creative methods. In the early days of the creation of proletarian revolutionary literature, the members of the Creation Society fiercely announced their farewell to the romanticism they had vigorously promoted, and only respected the realist creative method, opposing realism to other creative methods. Around 1931, the theorists of the "Left-Left Alliance" accepted the "materialist dialectics creative method" from the "Rapp" theorists of the former Soviet Union, replaced art with politics and philosophy, equated the world view with the creative method, and criticized the "revolutionary" "Romantic" ideological sentiment once again denies romanticism as one of the basic creative methods of literature. In September 1933, Zhou Yang introduced the liquidation of "Rapp" errors at the first meeting of the All-Soviet Writers' Union Organizing Committee in October 1932, and published "Socialist Realism and Revolutionary Romanticism" in November. For the first time, he introduced the method of "socialist realism" to the country and criticized the errors of the "materialist dialectics creative method". Zhou Yang theoretically elaborated on the basic principles of "socialist realism" creation: "authenticity" is an "indispensable prerequisite"; attention should be paid to creating "typical characters in typical environments"; "understanding during development and movement" and reflect reality"; "instill in readers the spirit of fighting for a better future for mankind"; this is "literature for the public" and "has the clarity and simplicity that can be understood by the public." The article also pointed out that romanticism is embraced by "socialist realism", which is "achieved in the competition of different creative methods and tendencies." As a new creative method, "socialist realism" has had a greater and far-reaching influence than other previous methods, and it even continues to the present day.