Greenhouse cultivation of flowers is the result of people's efforts to meet the growing demand for flower consumption, allowing more people to obtain a variety of flowers in different seasons. How much do you know about greenhouse cultivation of flowers? The following is an introduction to the cultivation of greenhouse flowers.
1. The importance of greenhouses in flower production
The importance of greenhouses in flower production has long been known to cultivators. Using greenhouses to cultivate flowers can not only effectively control temperature, Environmental factors such as light, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration can be used to produce high-quality flower products. It can also break the seasonal restrictions on flower growth and achieve annual production and supply of flowers. In addition, for those flowers that are not suitable for local cultivation, greenhouse facilities can also be used to create suitable environmental conditions for introduction and cultivation. The use of modern greenhouses with various environmental control equipment can maintain a good microclimate environment inside the greenhouse, allowing flowers to grow well and have high quality. Israel's advanced greenhouse facilities and sprinkler and drip irrigation technologies make its export flower products highly competitive in the market.
Today, the role and status of greenhouse facilities in human economic life is becoming more and more obvious. Taking Colombian roses as an example, because the atmospheric temperature is too low for more than two months every winter, and occasionally in summer Periods when the temperature is too high. This often results in a gap in rose production during these two periods throughout the year. Although it has more than 20 years of cultivation experience, due to the instability of rose quality and yield, the market during this season is gradually lost to Ecuador. Therefore, Colombia has to pay attention to the development of facility cultivation and constantly develop new greenhouses and supporting facilities. Taking international potted flowers as an example, whether it is the cold-climate North American countries Canada and the United States or the Nordic countries Denmark and Norway, or the warm-climate Central and South American countries Colombia and Mexico, as well as the African countries Kenya and Zimbabwe, and even Japan and Southeast Asia. South Korea and other countries, in order to obtain higher economic benefits, widely use greenhouse facilities to produce commercial flowers.
It can be said that greenhouses have become a prerequisite for the development of the flower industry. Without advanced greenhouse facilities, it is difficult to produce high-quality potted flowers.
2. Requirements for air source heat pump heating in flower greenhouses:
1. The heating system must have sufficient heating capacity to maintain the required indoor temperature at the outdoor design temperature. , to ensure the normal growth of plants in the greenhouse;
2. The one-time investment and daily operating costs of the heating system must be economical and reasonable to ensure that normal production can be profitable;
3. Requirements The temperature in the greenhouse is uniform, the heat dissipation equipment provides less shade, takes up little space, and the equipment operates safely and reliably.
IV. Heat calculation factors of greenhouses under normal conditions
(1) Heat conducted and radiated through the roof, floor, walls, doors and windows and other enclosure structures
(2) The heat required to heat the air that penetrates through the gaps in doors, windows, and enclosure structures
(3) The heat required to heat the cold materials entering the greenhouse
(4) Heat consumed due to evaporation of water in the greenhouse
(5) Heat consumed by ventilation
(6) Energy exchanged by physiological and biochemical conversion of crops.
3. Four pests that greenhouse flowers should pay attention to
1. Air damage.
In sunny and windless weather, ventilation should be carried out in time to discharge harmful gases in the shed. According to the Agricultural Materials Taobao Guide, fully decomposed organic fertilizers should be applied in the greenhouse, and should be sprayed with Flower Strengthening Spirit or Flower Stem Strengthening Spirit + photosynthetic nutrient film fertilizer to increase the absorption of large amounts of light fertilizer, light energy, and light, and is compatible with conventional fertilizers. , supply nutrients to plants to grow and develop to the limit.
2. Moisture damage.
When the greenhouse is sealed for a long time and there are many rainy and snowy days, drainage ditches should be opened outside the greenhouse to reduce soil moisture. In addition, you can sprinkle some plant ash on the surface of the basin or the ground to absorb heat, increase temperature, and absorb moisture. At the same time, pay attention to tightening the shed membrane to prevent water leakage on the roof.
3. Freezing damage.
For flowers that are not cold-tolerant, a new high-fat film should be sprayed to form a layer of polymer film for heat preservation. At night, a straw curtain should be covered or a small shed should be placed inside the greenhouse; you can also dig holes every few meters in the center of the greenhouse. A water storage tank, which is used for heat preservation.
4. Disease.
Spraying plant cell immunity before onset of disease can improve plant stress resistance and cause viral DNA to break and undergo apoptosis. It has strong immune function, induces interferons and active interleukins, inhibits the replication of residual viruses, and promotes the positive ecological growth of plants.