In the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1352), when Xu Shouhui went to Hubei, he heard that there really was a team, so he recruited it and awarded it to the Grand Marshal, officially belonging to the Western Red Scarf Army. In a battle, Yu Zhen was shot in the right eye by an arrow. Although he received treatment, he was still blind. People affectionately call him "the blind marshal". Later, Yu Minzhen simply changed his surname from Min to Ming, hoping to see the meaning of light and conforming to his Zoroastrianism doctrine-worshiping the sun and the moon and longing for light.
In the sixth year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1357), Ming was ordered to make a Western Expedition, first setting Kuizhou and Wanxian as the land, then invading and capturing Chongqing, and Xu Shouhui entered Sichuan to participate in politics. There was chaos in the world, and Zhang Shi in Gusu, Chen Youliang in Jiangxi and Xu Shouhui in Shaanxi established their own countries. Later, Chen Youliang murdered Xu Shouhui in the 20th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1360) and proclaimed himself emperor. Ming Yuzhen also claimed to be the king of Gansu and Sichuan in Chongqing.
In the 21st year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 136 1), Ming appointed Serina Liu, a scholar of Yuan Dynasty, as a counselor. Defeat the main force of the Yuan army in Sichuan, pacify Sichuan, and then further explore the north, attack the east and west, and March into Hanzhong.
In the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1363), Ming was proclaimed emperor in Chongqing by Serina Liu and others, with the title of "Daxia", calling for the restoration of the Han dynasty's rule and reunification in the same year, making Chongqing its capital. Imitate the Zhou system, set up six Qing, take Dai Shou as the burial slaughter, take Wansheng as the Sima, think ordinary, take Xiang tycoon and Mo Renshou as the sheep herder, take Wu Youren and Zou Xing as Stuart, and take Serina Liu as Zongbo. Hanlin Academy, imperial academy. The government has a secretariat, the state has a satrap, and the county is a hermit. Set up imperial examinations and try to be a scholar. Ming Yu Zhen awarded the calendar as a congenital calendar, explaining Buddhism and Taoism, worshiping Maitreya as the state religion, appointing officials and taking scholars. Sichuan is divided into eight roads, with three levels of prefectures and counties. The Yuan Dynasty abolished all corvees, re-established the tax system and paid taxes in eleven installments, which made the people recuperate and played a certain role in the stability and production development of Sichuan. One of the reasons why Chongqing is now called "the land of the three capitals" is that Yu Zhen used Chongqing as its capital in the Ming Dynasty. Ming Yuzhen followed the official system of Song and Yuan Dynasties, and changed Liu Qing to the secretariat and the Privy Council, which were in charge of government affairs and military affairs respectively. At the same time, Yu Zhen of the Ming Dynasty continued to organize wars in the south and captured Hanzhong in the north and Yunnan in the south. At that time, the territory of Daxia included Chongqing, eastern and northern Sichuan, southwestern Shaanxi, western Hubei and northern Guizhou. Ming Yuzhen is eight feet tall, burly, thrifty, and fond of literature. Corporal Li Xian had a very good relationship with Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, and frequent contacts.
In the winter of the 23rd year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1364), Ming Yuzhen formulated the strategy of "going out of Hanzhong in the north and entering Jingchu in the east". Then he sent his master Wansheng and others to attack Yunnan and defeated Boluo Timur, the king of Liang in the Yuan Dynasty. Soon, Liang Wang fought back with Duan Gong, a local official in Dali, Yunnan. Wansheng had no choice but to retreat, so he adopted the policy of protecting the environment and defending himself.
In the spring of the 25th year of Yuan Dynasty (in the fourth year of Daxia, A.D. 1366), Ming Dynasty changed Liu Qing to the Privy Council of Zhongshu Province, Dai Shou and Wansheng as the left and right prime ministers, tycoons and Zhang Wenbing as the Privy Council, and Zou Xing and Wu Youren as the flat chapters. In the autumn of the same year, Ming Yuzhen sent a special envoy to make friends with Zhu Yuanzhang. More than ten years' military career has seriously damaged Ming's health, especially in the establishment of political power, complicated military and political affairs have to be asked and dealt with, thus breaking down from constant overwork. In the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1366), Ming died in Chongqing at the age of 38, and was buried in Baogai Mountain, Jiangbei, Chongqing, with the temple name "Taizu" and posthumous title "Qin Zhaowu", and the prince acceded to the throne. Before Ming Yuzhen's death, his posthumous son stuck to Sichuan and did not forge ahead in the Central Plains. The historical records about Ming Yuzhen's death in Daxia country are as follows: After Ming Yuzhen's death, his only son Ming Sheng succeeded to the throne, and Ming Sheng was only ten years old, unable to control the situation. The Daxia regime fought for power and profit and killed each other.
In the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1368), Zhu Yuanzhang established the Daming regime in Nanjing, which was called Ming Taizu. In the second year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1369), he sent envoys to persuade the rise and fall of Ming Dynasty, but Ming Sheng refused.
In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 137 1), Ming Taizu sent Tanghe, Liao Yongzhong, Fu Youde and others to lead the troops into Sichuan, and the Ming army entered Sichuan on a large scale. In the spring of the fourth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1372), Xia Jun suffered a crushing defeat. In June of the lunar calendar, the Ming army arrived in Chongqing, but Ming Sheng had no choice but to surrender, and the Daxia regime perished. Ming Sheng was sent to Nanking, and Zhu Yuanzhang named him Guiyihou and Jia Di as the Eastern Division.
In the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (AD 1373), the household department of Ming Dynasty completed the statistics of Sichuan and Sichuan government affairs. At that time, there were more than 84,000 households in Sichuan, of which more than 23,000 were former officials living in summer. Ming Taizu was furious after hearing this, so he sent 27 people, including Ming Sheng, the son of Ming Yuzhen, and his mother, Empress Peng, to Koryo, Liaodong County, and announced that "officials are forbidden, only for the people". Although there are official records of the Ming and Qing dynasties about the Ming Yu Zhen and the Daxia regime, most of them are inaccurate. Especially in the tombs of Yu Zhen, in the Ming history, only "Yu Zhen was buried in Jiangbei" was recorded. As for the specific address and scale, there is no detailed record, which makes it difficult for the descendants of the heroes to find their roots and worship their ancestors. 1At the end of March, 982, Ming Yuzhen's tomb, buried for hundreds of years, was excavated at the site of Chongqing Weaving Factory in Shanghengjie, Jiangbei. The simplicity of Ming Yu Zhen's tomb was almost ignored by later generations. When the inner coffin was opened, people only saw some silk robes, a small gold cup and two small silver ingots. On two field trips, the staff of Chongqing Museum thought that this was just a General Cemetery of the Qing Dynasty, and the unearthed coffins and silks were not preserved. Later, when a stone tablet was excavated, the intact inscription undoubtedly proved that this humble tomb was the tomb of Ming Yu Zhen who ruled Sichuan and its surrounding areas for nine years, which attracted the attention of cultural relics workers. The discovery of Yu Zhen's tomb in Ming Dynasty, especially the "Xuangong Monument", clarified some different records in old books. For example, Ming Yuzhen's date of birth, burial time, the time and place of the establishment of the Daxia regime, the exact time of Ming Yuzhen's reign and so on. In the inscription, the official position before Ming Yu Zhen became king and the official system of Daxia regime made up for the deficiency of literature records. The silk products unearthed in the tomb are helpful to explore the influence of textile technology and summer clothing in Yuan Dynasty on South Korea. The excavation of Yu Zhen's tomb in Ming Dynasty not only provided valuable information for studying the local history of peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty, but also revealed the mystery of Daxia Kingdom, which enabled the Ming Dynasty to find the roots of its ancestors. Ming Yu Zhen advocated frugality before his death. Apart from personal clothes, the only funerary objects that can be counted as gold and silver jewelry are a gold cup and two small silver ingots, which were given by Xu Shouhui when he visited Xu Shouhui, but were never used by Ming Yuzhen. Fang Xiaoru, a famous scholar in Ming Dynasty, commented in A Record of Ming Dynasty: "The Xia Party is interested in following Shu, and all the subjects in counties and counties are abused by green towels. Zhu Xia was fortunate to be thrifty, to promote culture and education, to break heresy, to ban plunder, to save taxes, to be salty and to be attached to a well-off society. I'm sorry I can't start like this. Private is twice as much as public, and the national treasury is empty, so it is impossible to show its boundaries. Although the calendar year is not forever. The people have lamented so far that they can't ask questions. " Daxia Kingdom, which was Ming Dynasty in the earthquake, is located in the southwest of China, and even the local people in Chongqing know little about his cemetery. Why do North Koreans in the northeast of China come to worship again and again? Zhang Ming, director of the Jiangbei District Cultural Relics Management Office, said that all the descendants of the Ming family are now in North and South Korea, and there is none in China. After the excavation of the Ming Dynasty earthquake tomb, Chongqing cultural relics department attached great importance to it. According to the clues provided by the ancient tomb, it made a special trip to Qingshan, Suizhou, Hubei Province, the hometown of Ming Yuzhen, to investigate. There are no descendants in the local area. Speaking of Ming, some old people said that he went to Sichuan, his son later went to Nanjing, and some people said that he went to North Korea. Nowadays, people's understanding of the whereabouts of the Ming descendants depends entirely on the Korean Ming descendants who went to China to seek their roots and worship their ancestors. 1992 In the summer, a South Korean Busan man named Ming Jae-lu, who was nearly fifty years old, came to China to look for his ancestors. The genealogy provided by him, namely "A Brief Introduction to a Family in Yundong, West Shu", shows that his ancestors were "Ming Yu Zhen, and West Shu (now Yan 'an, Shaanxi) was the Ming king". Ming Zailu was born in 1943, claiming to be the 24th generation descendant of Ming Yuzhen. Later, according to the textual research of Chinese cultural relics workers, the records in "A Brief Introduction to a Family in Yundong, Ximing, Xishu" are consistent with Chinese historical materials.
Ming Yuzhen was born in A.D. 1329, and spread to the 24th century in A.D. 1992, with an average of about 27 years in each generation, which also conforms to the law of population development. Combined with the records in the history book "Korean History", it can be confirmed that the Ming family in North Korea is the descendant of Ming Yuzhen. (ad 1356 ~？ Years to be tested), namely Ming Sheng; Suizhou, Hubei (now Suizhou, Hubei) people. The last emperor of Daxia Kingdom reigned for five years, from 1366 to 137 1. Ming Sheng was ten years old when he became king and changed his name to "Kathy". At that time, the court ministers were at odds, and their mother, Shi Peng, listened to politics. Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty, was an arrogant man after he ascended the throne. He doesn't just want a country to complete it, he has the ambition to dominate the world. So he laid hands on the little emperor who swore allegiance to Ming Yuzhen in Guo Ming in the summer. At first, Ming Sheng was surrendered by "sending a letter". Ming Sheng was willing to pay tribute to the prince of Wu with a letter from Xia Wang, but he didn't want to lose Xia Guo. However, Zhu Yuanzhang refused. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in Nanjing. In the fourth year of Hongwu (A.D. 137 1), Qin Xin Tanghe and Fu Youde were sent to Sichuan to take the summer vacation, and Ming Sheng surrendered to Zhu Yuanzhang. The Great Xia died and Sichuan was ruled by the Ming Dynasty. In Nanking, Ming Sheng and Chen Li, the son of Chen Youliang, another rebel leader of the Red Scarf Army, often met to complain. Although both of them were teenagers, Zhu Yuanzhang sent eunuchs to South Korea for resettlement for fear that they would be chaotic in the future and endanger the Daming regime. According to the Records of Ming History 123, Biography of Ming in the Earthquake, Ming Sheng's descendants moved to Korea in the fifth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1372). According to Ye's book Caomuzi, "In July of A.D. 137 1, Taiwanese soldiers attacked Sichuan, and Wang surrendered with his mother. His stepmother called him into the palace and sent the king to North Korea by boat. He was overjoyed. " This fact is recorded in the Historical Records of Ming Taizu in China and the history of Korean literature in ancient Korea. "History of Korea" also records a letter from Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, to Prince Gong of Korea: "Send Emperor Chen and Emperor Xia, not to be soldiers and civilians, and die." The following year, Ming Sheng married the daughter of King Lang Yinxi, the general manager of North Korea, and had four sons, which were handed down from generation to generation on the Korean peninsula. Now, Ming Lusheng, vice president of Ming Taizu Chamber of Commerce in South Korea, said: In the second year after the demise of the Great Summer, Zhu Yuanzhang, the great ancestor of Ming Dynasty, sent 27 people to South Korea, including his son and his mother, Empress Peng, and declared that he would not be an official or a citizen. After Ming Sheng and his party came to North Korea, King Gong of North Korea presented Yan 'an and Baihe as tributes to the Ming Sheng family, and provided xingguo temple in the pear well in the north of Juniper (now Kaesong, North Korea) as a mansion with handmaiden. After the Ming family settled in Korea, they married the county magistrate Po Ping Yin and gave birth to a diaosi man: the eldest son, the son Xian Gong and the son Xian Doctor; The second son, matrixay, will always be Lang Gong and Doctor Jiajing; The third son, Ming Jun, is an agreement and doctor Jiajing; The fourth son is Ming Xin, assistant minister and general training doctor.
According to Korean historical records, Ming Sheng had a deep friendship with Li Chenggui, the ancestor of the Korean dynasty, and often played Go. When Ming Sheng's mother, Shi Peng, ascended the throne in Li Chenggui, she presented a set of "dragon robes" sewn by herself, which made Li Mao Cheng Gui cry. In addition, Tang costumes and jewelry that were popular in China at that time began to spread in the Korean dynasty. To show his gratitude, Li Chenggui was promoted to "Shu Huajun" and enjoyed "Zhong Xun's Record". After the death of Empress Peng, she was buried in Su Ling, Wanshou Mountain, Juniper, North Korea, and a shrine was built. After the Ming Sheng family settled in Korea, the descendants of their four sons were scattered in 24 regions of the Korean peninsula. During Japan's occupation of the Korean peninsula, the household registration system was implemented for the first time, and the Ming family was divided into two branches: one was the West Shu Ming family and the other was the Yan 'an Ming family. At that time, the term "Shi Ming in West Shu" mainly refers to Shi Ming, who was born in Sichuan, China and then lived in North Korea. "Yan 'an Ming family" mainly refers to the Ming family whose ancestral home is Yan 'an (mainly living in South Korea), and Ming Sheng, the second generation ancestor of the Ming family, once lived in Yan 'an.
1986, the descendants of the Ming family combined the genealogy of the two branches into one, and compiled a book called "Ming Family Tree", which was under the unified management of the Ming society. The descendants of Ming Yuzhen, the founder of Daxia Kingdom, have lived on the Korean peninsula for more than 600 years, and many heroes and celebrities have emerged. For example, Ming Jishi in modern history was a hero who resisted the Japanese invaders' invasion of the Korean peninsula. 19 10, after Korea was annexed by Japan, Ming Jishi immediately joined the recovery movement and was arrested and imprisoned for five years. After he was released from prison, he organized the "Invariant Regiment" to continue the independent liberation movement, and served as the auditor-general (now the inspector-general) when the Republic of Korea was founded. Sun Mingke, the sixth generation of Ming Dynasty, was a scholar. His eldest son Guangqi is the supervisor of Pingze County. When the Japanese invaders invaded, he and the Yi Corps led by Zhao Xian formed an anti-Japanese team, which dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese aggressors. He died heroically in the famous battle of Jinshan. Tomorrow, I want to be a "chief training doctor" and a "military supervisor"; Ming Zixian was promoted to "Deputy Guard Army of Rowen" after he became the "Cheng Zheng Yuan Zuo Career". Mingyou Town's famous dutiful son was once a "magistrate of Yan 'an County" and was praised for his good governance. Among the descendants of the Ming Dynasty, some were senior government officials, some were famous lawyers, professors and entrepreneurs. It can be said that the Ming family is prosperous and talented. In 2000, the Korean government conducted a demographic survey and found that there were more than 26,000 descendants of Ming Yuzhen living in Korea. If the descendants of Ming Yuzhen living in North Korea are added, the total number is estimated to have reached more than 40,000. Due to the split between the north and the south, descendants of Han Ming could not go to Suling to pay homage. 1993. Later generations of the Ming Dynasty temporarily built the Ming Muwang Temple, the first ancestor of the Xia Dynasty, in Doupu, Paju County, Gyeonggi Province, covering an area of about 1800 square meters. At the "Ming Taizu Congress" in North Korea, Chairman Ming Xuanzhi said that if the North and the South are reunified, they will remove all the coordinates of the ancestors Ming Yuzhen, the second ancestor, the third ancestor and the fourth ancestor stored in the Jingmu Temple. Later, the Ming clan association expropriated land on the "38th parallel" and built a watchtower, offering sacrifices to ancestors twice a year. Most of Ming's descendants in Korea have received higher education, generally understand Chinese, and spread all over all walks of life, especially in politics and architecture, including parliamentarians, prosecutors, well-known lawyers and so on. Ming Yu Zhen lived a frugal life, so the Ming family took "managing the family diligently and honestly" as their family motto and advocated hard work. 1995, 32 members of the Ming clan association delegation went to Chongqing to worship their ancestors. In the second year of Tomb-Sweeping Day, the second group of members went to Chongqing to worship their ancestors. Since then, descendants of the Ming family, large and small, have come to Chongqing almost every year. For more than 600 years, the Ming descendants of the Korean peninsula have been looking for it. Now, the construction of a new Ming Dynasty tomb finally enables them to see the relics of their ancestors and talk about their respect for their ancestors.