(A) the reference and application of ancient poetry in the reference and application of ancient poetry is very common, can be divided into the following three aspects:
1, a direct quotation from the original sentence of ancient poetry. The lyrics of "karma robbery" include "the world is purple, the sky is blue, the past life is boundless and the karma is wrong, the grass is endless, and the pulse is constant. Whose life is this? Who drinks alone with the moon, dancing for shadows and sighing that China's years have turned into waste, who can laugh, and the balcony lights go out, but looking back, I see flowers blooming one after another. In a paragraph, I quoted many ancient poems. " The riddle of the world of mortals is quoted from Liu Yuxi's poem "Yuanhe was called to Beijing from Langzhou for ten years, and the play was given to a gentleman who looks at flowers" in the Tang Dynasty. "Yellow sky and blue sky" is quoted from Bai Juyi's "Song of everlasting regret". Who should I talk to in my life? Quoted from Liu Yong's Yulin Order, "My hands are red and I praise lewdness" is quoted from Lu You's Hairpin Phoenix and Bai Juyi's Woodpecker Song. Almost every lyric quotes ancient poetry, which makes the lyrics linger with a strong classical atmosphere, absorbs people's classical feelings and gives people an aesthetic voice.
2. Use the thoughts and feelings of the original poem. Take the song "Yin" as an example, which quotes and uses a lot of Li Shangyin's poems. For example, "I trust lonely people and don't want a cup of tea. I hate the orchestral sound on the table. It's cold and clear, and I engrave the stars on this night." In short, Li Shangyin's Untitled was used. Although the artistic conception of the lyrics is different from that of the ancient poems, the ancient poems recall the wonderful meeting with lovers last night, causing the pain of parting today, while the lyrics write the pain and helplessness of parting first, which gives people a sense of desolation because of their connection. The use of lyrics basically continues the thoughts and feelings of the original poem, mainly conveying the helplessness and complicated feelings of lovers who can't be together, which belongs to the level of emotional use.
3. Use the artistic conception of poetry. The lyrics in "Snow in Wild City" say, "Qian Shan is uninhabited, and all roads are lonely, leaving only you and me, reminiscing about the snow in Wild City and sending a farewell message. Who dares to please? It's hard to be a butterfly in a sword dive dream. I'll invite you to catch this Leng Xue tomorrow. " It is the reference and application of Liu Zongyuan's Jiang Xue, and "Mingyue invites me to ask you out" is the application of Li Bai's "Until I raise my cup, I ask Mingyue, bring my shadow and let the three of us". Combining the two poems to create a quiet and lonely mood and express a lonely mood is more aesthetic than vernacular poems.
(2) Inheritance and Innovation of Classical Images Another feature of ancient songs is the extensive use of classical images and the creation of classical artistic conception.
1, using ancient artifacts or symbols In order to create an atmosphere of ancient rhyme, there are a lot of descriptions of ancient artifacts and symbols in ancient popular songs. In Hu Li's book to his wife, the opening words of songs such as Brick House, Old City Wall, Bamboo Bridge and Waterwheel outline a fresh and idyllic scenery of an ancient "water village, mountain country and wine flag style". Common images in ancient life, such as the desolation and loneliness represented by The Blue Lantern, the loneliness and coldness predicted by Cold Clothes, and More Leak, spread out, melting a beautiful woman's mood of waiting for her husband to travel far away into silent images.
2. The application of images with profound cultural connotations In China's classical culture, for the need of implicit aesthetics, scholars often use the same or similar images to express a similar emotion, and such things are endowed with profound cultural connotations, such as willow branches and lotus flowers. These images are widely used in ancient popular songs. In Dong Zhen's Lovesickness, the image of "peach blossom" is used to express the beautiful face of young women, and at the same time, it has the beautiful character of "Yi Shi family" in the Book of Songs. The use of such images endows the lyrics with profound cultural background and profound connotation, and at the same time adds new modern color meaning to the traditional images. The image of "bright moon" is "noble and homesick" in the traditional sense, and at the same time, it adds a new mentality of longing for returning to nature and purity in the face of fast-paced life. Of course, there are also phenomena of misusing images due to the limitation of the lyricist's own classical cultural level.
Second, the aesthetic characteristics:
As mentioned above, the quotation and application of China's ancient lyrics is the process of defamiliarization. People have lost their sense of beauty in reciting China's ancient poems since childhood. When they come into contact with these China's ancient poems, they just feel, not feel. Defamiliarization refers to "expressing things that people are familiar with in abnormal or unfamiliar ways, turning things that people are used to into strange or novel objects in works of art, so that people can get a true feeling of things in artistic form and overcome the dullness and numbness caused by habits."
In "Where is the bottle before", "I was buried in the mountains and seas of the past, and I was short of soldiers for thousands of years. I can't tell my face when I was a horse." Before asking the fate of the sun and the moon, the song and dance were still on. Behind the glitz, a hundred flowers blossom. I don't know how the years fly, the bones are beautiful, and the world is changing forever. Who is absolutely gorgeous and amazing? " It's about Li Yu's "Young Beauty". "When is the spring flower and the autumn moon? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sadness can you have? Just like the defamiliarization application of A River Flowing East, the purpose of art is to make people feel things, not just to know things. The introduction and application of ancient poetry did not change the original meaning of ancient poetry, but re-conveyed and wrote the thoughts, feelings and artistic conception expressed in ancient poetry in a new form, that is, lyrics, which increased the aesthetic feeling process of the audience and enhanced the sense of beauty in this new and difficult form. Because the process of feeling itself is an aesthetic purpose, we must try our best to prolong it, so that those classic ancient poems that are familiar but have fallen asleep in memory can appear with a brand-new look, express ancient feelings with brand-new words, and the defamiliarization effect can be vividly portrayed on paper, increasing the aesthetic pleasure of readers and listeners.
Third, the characteristics of expression techniques In order to achieve a variety of aesthetic effects, the lyrics of ancient songs often use a variety of expression techniques.
(A) vague meaning
Ambiguity is a common poetic criticism put forward by new criticism. It refers to the phenomenon that a language unit contains two or more meanings, and a sentence can have multiple understandings. It refers to the various effects produced by some rhetorical means. Make it roughly close to "rich" and "smart". Ambiguity often appears in ancient lyrics. The lyrics in the song "Snatching Marriage" have more than two meanings. First, "waterfront flowers" have the meaning of describing women's beauty, sinking fish and falling geese, and closing the moon and feeling ashamed of flowers; Secondly, Looking at Flowers by the Waterside shows a picture of a woman looking at her own shadow and feeling sorry for herself, expressing the infinite sadness and helplessness that time is easy to get old and her face is easy to get old; Finally, Hu Lancheng once said that Zhang Ailing was "a person who shone on the water during the Republic of China". He used the word "shining on the water" to describe women's aloof, sensitive and outstanding, but she could not escape the fate of spiritual barriers. It can be seen that the ambiguity brought by conciseness creates a variety of interpretation space for the lyrics of ancient songs, which makes the lyrics of ancient songs present a diversified, rich and integrated connotation state.
(B) tension and metaphorical tension
It refers to the relationship between literal meaning and extended meaning of words in poetry, and the tension of poetry comes from the unity of all the meanings expressed by the extension and connotation of words. In ancient lyrics, there is often a phenomenon that the language tension of lyrics is realized through the collision between metaphor and practical significance. In the lyrics of Zoysia Zoysia, the word "cockroach" is used as a metaphor for "beloved", which expresses the doubt whether the beautiful sweetheart who met in spring is still around when time and wind and rain have passed. This is not only a rare sadness about love, but also the metaphor of "Jia Jian" still implies that in the hero's heart, the lover is still as beautiful as ever. Similarly, in the lyrics of "Exhausting the World", "You can still drink tea quietly and crush this bustling fireworks", the word "fireworks" is used to describe the scene of flourishing flowers. At the same time, the image of fireworks has a gorgeous but fleeting meaning, which also implies that the scene of prosperity is always short-lived, and the traditional historical concept that the world will be divided for a long time has also been spread out, which has produced a huge contrast and connection between reality and metaphor, thus forming a huge language tension.