"There are paintings within poems, and poems within paintings." With his fresh, distant, natural and refined style, Wang Wei created an artistic conception of "painting in poetry, poetry in painting" and "Zen in poetry", setting up an unfailing banner in the poetry world.
Poetry is like a picture scroll, so beautiful
Su Shi once said: "When you taste Mojie's poems, there are paintings in the poems; when you look at Mojie's paintings, there are poems in the paintings" ("Dongpo Zhi") Forest"). Wang Wei is versatile. He brings the essence of painting into the world of poetry. With spiritual language and brilliant brushwork, he depicts for us a series of expressive works that are either romantic, ethereal, or remote. His landscape poems are about coloring, such as "Egrets fly in the desert paddy fields, and orioles sing in the overcast summer trees" ("Wangchuan Zhuang Zuo by Jiuyu") "The grass is dyed green in the rain, and the peach blossoms on the water are red and ready to burn." ("Farewell to Wangchuan") Industry") "Beyond the bright fields with white water, behind the green peaks emerging from the mountains" ("New Sunny Wild Views")
Wang Wei's landscape poems structure the picture, making it rich in layers, communicating the near and far, and even combining movement and stillness. The sound and color are both excellent, and there is a layer of dynamic and musical beauty, such as "pines carry the sound in the wind, and flowers have their shadows in the pond" ("Lin Yuan Ji Shi Ji Shi Brother"), "Ten thousand valleys have towering trees, and thousands of mountains are ringing with azaleas. It rained all night in the mountains." , there are hundreds of springs in the trees. "("Farewell to Prince Li of Zizhou") "Buqianpu, a county, is rippled in the sky." (View from the Han River) "The cicadas in the grass are ringing in the autumn, and the cicadas are singing in the mountains at dusk. ("Early Autumn in the Mountains") Another example is "Mountain Dwelling in the Dark Autumn": After the new rain in the empty mountains, the weather is late and the moon is shining among the pines, the clear spring rocks are floating on the water, and the lotus leaves are floating on the fishing boats. , Wang Sun can stay. There are distant and close views, cold and warm colors, and the sound of people and water, which fully combine the beauty of painting, music and poetry, and have the characteristics of light and quiet human nature. "Guan": Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo forest, playing the piano and screaming, no one in the deep forest knows that the bright moon shines on him. Thousands of things are only known by the bright moon.
The subtle and distant charm is the soul of the painting in Wang Wei's poem "Lu Chai" says: "There are no people in the empty mountain, but you can hear the sound of people's voices and return to the scene into the deep forest." "The poem shines on the moss." The poem describes the author being alone in an empty mountain and deep in the forest. He sees a ray of sunset shining through the gaps in the dense forest and shining on the moss in the forest. In the vast and complex natural scenery, the poet captures The most fascinating moment, with simple brushstrokes, meticulously presents a quiet and quiet picture, which is far-reaching and fascinating.
The scenes blend together and appear natural
Wang Wei also talks about lovesickness and separation. The care and consolation between friends. In the poem "Farewell Zhao Xianzhou on Qi", he wrote: When we meet, we smile, and when we see each other, we cry. The ancestral tent has been separated, and the deserted city is full of sorrow. It's cold in the distance, the mountains are pure, and the long river is rushing at dusk. You are far away from the cable, but you are still standing there. Rich and affectionate, it comes face to face.
In Wang Wei's poems, he borrows scenes to express emotions and uses scenes to set off emotions, which makes his descriptions of scenes full of lingering flavor and his lyrical expressions are implicit. For example, "Send off Li's Supplements to Lingaotai": "Send off to Lingaotai, how far away is the Sichuan Plain? At dusk, the birds return, and the travelers keep going." When writing about separation, there is no word of emotion and only a copy of the scenery. "Send Yang Changshi to Guozhou": "The bird travels a thousand miles, and the ape crows at twelve o'clock." It is both a scene language and a love name, integrating the desolate scenery of the road with the desolate feeling of the traveler, natural and Subtle and profound.
In Wang Wei's poems, many use a direct expression of his heart, and they often appear natural, smooth, and implicit. For example, "Send Yuan Er Envoy to Anxi": The morning rain in Weicheng is light and dusty, and the guesthouses are green and willows are new. I advise you to drink a glass of wine and leave Yangguan in the west without any old friends. The caring and thoughtfulness is beyond words.
The beauty of Wang Wei's love writing lies in the simple and popular description of realistic scenes, which contains deep and graceful emotions. His poem "Lovesickness", with the support of Xiao Xiaohongdou, chants the feelings of lovesickness, which can be called a classic work that intoxicates the eternal lovesickness.
Wang Wei writes about emotions with many metaphors. For example, "Two Miscellaneous Poems": The family lives in Mengjin River, and the door is opposite Mengjinkou. There are often boats from the south of the Yangtze River, sending letters home. You come from your hometown, you should know the things in your hometown. The next day, in front of the beautiful window, the winter plum blossoms have not yet bloomed. I have seen the plum blossoms blooming in the winter, and heard the singing of birds again. My heart is focused on the spring grass, and I am afraid of the steps ahead. There is no word "lovesickness" in the whole article. It seems to come easily, but in fact every sentence has profound meaning. By borrowing the metaphorical meaning of "winter plum" and "spring grass", the feeling of lovesickness is vividly expressed on the paper.
The poems are immersed in Zen, flowing and ethereal
Contrary to the above, many of Wang Wei's poems are cold and profound, far away from the world, without any smoke from the world, full of Zen, and the artistic conception of mountains and rivers has been Going beyond the ordinary plain and natural aesthetics and meaning into a religious realm is the inevitable manifestation of Wang Wei's Buddhist cultivation. Wang Wei lived in an era when Buddhism was flourishing. Scholar-officials were very popular in studying Buddhism. Political dissatisfaction and seclusion several times in his life made Wang Wei devote himself to studying Buddhism in order to ignore fame and fortune and get rid of troubles.
Some poems still have traces, such as "Passing Xiangji Temple" which says: I don't know Xiangji Temple, but I have entered Yunfeng several miles away. In the dusk, the empty pond is melodious, and Zen is used to control the poisonous dragon. "Some poems appear more ethereal, without using Zen words, but sometimes gaining Zen principles. Like an antelope hanging its horns, there is no trace to turn to. It is like walking to a waterless place and sitting down to watch the clouds rise. Occasionally, I visit the old man in the forest, chatting and laughing forever (" "Zhongnan Bieye") The wind blows through the pines, and the moon shines on the mountain while playing the harp. The king asks Qiong Tongli, and the fisherman's song goes deep into the lake ("Zhang Shaofu") is full of Zen ideas of being close to nature, transforming one's body and objects, and letting fate happen. Another example: No one can be seen in the empty mountain, but the sound of people's voices can be heard. Returning to the deep forest, the green moss is shining again ("Deer and Chai"); the hibiscus flowers bloom and fall in the mountains, and there is no one in the stream. ("Xinyiwu"); Osmanthus flowers are falling in silence at night. The moonrise scares the mountains and birds sing in the spring stream ("Birds singing in the stream"). Everything is silent and inactive, without purpose. There is no consciousness, no joy of life, no sorrow of death, but everything is immortal and eternal. It is also like what Hu Yinglin's "Shi Sou" and Yao Zhouxing's "Tang Shi Kuai" commented: "It makes people forget their life experience after reading it." Thoughts are all silent, not to mention the sound and rhythm, there is this wonderful interpretation."