"The Road to Shu is Difficult" is Li Bai's famous work. It is an important text in Chinese classes. How to master its teaching plan? The following is the Chinese language Li Bai's "The Road to Shu" that I have compiled for you. "Difficult" lesson plan design, I hope it will be helpful to you. "The Road to Shu is Difficult" Lesson Plan Design 1
Teaching objectives
(1) Knowledge and ability
1. Learn more about the author's life and the characteristics of his poetry creation.
2. Refer to the text notes to understand the poetry in general.
3. Grasp the emotional tone of poetry and enter the magical art world of poetry.
4. Use reading skills to recite poetry.
Important and difficult points in teaching
1. Novel images and artistic conceptions in poetry.
2. Analysis of various artistic techniques, such as exaggeration, imagination, metaphor, etc.
3. Analysis of the theme of the poem.
Teaching process
(1) Curriculum introduction
1. Method 1: Show pictures about Shu Road, let students visually observe the characteristics of Shu Road and use it Express it in your own language; then *** will appreciate several poems describing the difficult road to Shu, look at their expression techniques, and then lead to Li Bai's "The Difficult Road to Shu".
2. Method 2: You can combine it with the fourth question after class practice and borrow the origin of Li Bai's nickname "Exiled Immortal" to lead to Li Bai's famous work "The Road to Shu is Difficult".
The design intention is mainly to stimulate students' interest and expand their thinking. The teacher's role is to guide students to exert their subjective initiative. The introduction part of the course is necessary. A good start is equal to half of a successful class.
(2) The author’s life and creative background
1. The author’s life.
Note: Although students are familiar with Li Bai, the information is fragmented, so teachers should sort out the author's information so that students can have a systematic understanding of Li Bai.
2. Creative background.
Note: It can be combined with the general background of the Tang Dynasty scholars who traveled around the world in pursuit of fame. Special attention should be paid to understanding Li Bai's spiritual world when he left Shu, and then He Zhizhang's appreciation of "The Road to Shu is Difficult" can be introduced.
(3) Yuefu poems and ancient Yuefu inscriptions
1. Knowledge related to Yuefu poems.
"Yuefu" was originally the name of the organization in charge of music. It was first established during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. There were also Yuefu organizations in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Its specific tasks are to produce musical scores, collect lyrics and train musical talents. There are two sources of lyrics: some are specially created by literati; some are collected from folk. Later, people called the poems collected by Yuefu agencies Yuefu, or Yuefu poems and Yuefu lyrics, so the name of Yuefu changed from the official name to the name of the poetic style.
The two Yuefu jade pieces are "Poetry of Mulan" and "Peacock Flying Southeast". The Collection of Yuefu Poems compiled by Guo Maoqian of the Song Dynasty is the most complete collection of Yuefu poems from the Arhat to the Five Dynasties. The Yuefu poems are divided into 12 major categories, such as advocating tunes, horizontal blow tunes, and Xianghe poems. It is also divided into several subcategories. , such as "Hengchui Quci" is divided into Han Hengchui Qu, Lianggujiao Hengxiu, etc.; , Chu tunes and Daqu; in Qing and Shang quci, they are further divided into categories such as Wu Shengge and Xiqu. There are more than 40 pieces of Han Yuefu folk songs in "Yuefu Poetry Collection", most of which are works from the Eastern Han Dynasty. They reflect the social reality and people's lives at that time, use sharp words to express love and hate emotions, and tend to be more realistic.
Han Yuefu is another collection of ancient folk songs after the Book of Songs. It uses popular language to construct works that are close to life. It gradually moves from miscellaneous words to five words. It uses narrative writing to depict characters in detail, create distinctive characters, and complete storylines. It can also highlight ideological connotations, focus on depicting typical details, and develop new ideas. A new stage of mature development of narrative poetry.
2. Common sense of ancient Yuefu inscriptions.
Also known as "Yuefu Poems", the name of the category of Yuefu poems. That is, "imitating ancient Yuefu". The music and music of the Han Dynasty were all inspired by sorrow and music, and they were inspired by events. They were also able to observe customs and know whether they were thick or thin (Hanshu Yiwenzhi), which was inherited by poets from the late Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties. For example, Cao Cao and others imitated his thoughts and artistic style, and used his old inscriptions to write many Yuefu poems that were no longer popular. Tang poets borrowed a large number of old Yuefu inscriptions to describe current events, thereby giving old inscriptions new life.
Design Intention Although the Yuefu poem "Peacock Flying Southeast" and the ancient Yuefu inscription "Dan Ge Xing" were studied in the compulsory course No. 2, it is necessary to introduce relevant knowledge in the compulsory course No. 3 to help students review the past and learn new things.
(4) Text analysis
1. Overall perception.
(1) Listen to the reading recording.
Note: Students are required to listen purposefully: word pronunciation, sentence pauses, and emotional tone.
(2) Students read together.
Note: Before students read together, teachers should combine relevant materials to guide students in reading skills.
2. Read the text carefully and sort out the sentences (key points).
Note: The teacher is the leader, and the students are the main body. It is carried out in the order of words and segments. It is similar to the cross-talk of classical Chinese, but it is not the same as the cross-talk. After separating the poems, there must be an overall view of the segments. Combining annotations and reference materials to allow students to understand the basic meaning of the text, and provide appropriate guidance on the descriptive content, writing techniques and functions. The reason is that the vocabulary in "The Difficult Road to Shu" is relatively novel and rich, and there are many uses of imagery and techniques. Students It is difficult to understand, but it also paves the way for the exploration of the following questions.
3. Group cooperation and problem exploration.
(1) From the text, we can see that Li Bai chanted and sighed three times about "The Road to Shu is Difficult". Let's try to summarize the contents of the three sighs.
Reference points: One laments the high danger of Shu Road, the second laments the thrill of Shu Road, and the third laments the dangerous danger of Shu Road.
Note: One chant and three sighs are the writing characteristics of this poem, and they are also clues for students to grasp the poem at a macro level. Combined with the overall perception of the first part, this small question can be used to check students' understanding and generalization ability.
(2) Talk about why the whole poem is chanted repeatedly? The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the blue sky?
Reference points: First of all, it is clear that this is a repetition (repetitive form) expression technique, then what is its function? It should be combined with specific text analysis, based on the formal structure and the theme of the poem──? The Road of Shu Difficult, difficult to reach the sky? is not only the theme of the author's chant, but also a symbol of poetic turning and lyrical changes. It appears in the first paragraph, shocking people's hearts like a bolt from the blue, and opens up a "strange and strange" text; it appears in the second paragraph, connecting the past and the future - inheriting the "fear of the road and unreachable rocks" in the front, triggering the next "other". The same is true for danger?; appears in the third section, the song ends with a graceful melody, and I pay tribute again and again, and my sincere concern is beyond words. From a formal point of view, every time this sentence is exhaled, a rhythmic transformation is completed, that is, the alternation between lyricism, discussion and description.
(3) Please talk about the artistic characteristics of this poem based on the specific text?
Reference points: rich imagination, peculiar metaphors, exaggerated and vigorous brushwork, flowing gorgeousness rhythm. (This is the main artistic feature. After the students answer, the teacher needs to provide guidance and supplements. If the students understand other features and the words are reasonable, they should give affirmation)
(4) The main purpose of this poem is What?
Reference: There have always been different opinions about the intention of this poem. In summary, there are the following opinions.
A. It was written to worry about Fang Guan and Du Fu. It is believed that the author wrote this poem because he was worried that Yan Wu, who was the governor of Jiannan, would harm Fang Guan and Du Fu in Shu; B. To satirize the Tang Dynasty after the Anshi Rebellion The first advocate of Xuanzong's entry into Shu was Xiao Shi from the Yuan Dynasty who wrote annotations on the classification of Li Bai's collection; C. Satirized the Sichuan warlord Zhang Qiu Jianqiong; D. "The story is written without any other meaning", based on the Ming Dynasty Hu Zhenheng's "Tang Yin" "Gui Zhu" and Gu Yanwu's "Rizhilu" are the representatives. According to modern research, the first three statements are either inconsistent with historical facts or incorrect in time, and are difficult to establish. Therefore, based on the fourth theory, we believe that the theme of this poem is "Sending friends to Shu", and it is a work that follows the ancient Yuefu inscription "Immediately". (Controversies about the theme should be shown to students so that they can understand it, but students should be reminded that the understanding of the theme should be based on the text and should not be far-fetched.)
Design Intention Classical poetry interpretation should be based on The text is the basis for careful reading. After the students have an overall perception, the teacher will guide the layered analysis of the poems, unfold the compressed content of the poems, and fully mobilize the students' life accumulation and thinking. Only by understanding the literal meaning of the poems can the depth of the text be achieved. With the foundation and premise in place, the essence of the method of understanding poetry lies in the close reading of the text. Therefore, in the "Reading the text carefully" part, the focus is on sorting out the words and sentences. Word analysis and sentence analysis are the most basic methods of poetry interpretation, but it is not a leap to choose the exam. Instead of explaining the test points in a comprehensive way, we focus on exploring the connotation and art of poetry. The main purpose is to enable students to read and understand poetry, rather than in a state of partial knowledge; from "overall perception" to "close reading of the text" to "problem exploration", The three modules focus on the basics and improve the ability level, with the purpose of allowing students to learn how to interpret poetry.
4. Read it repeatedly to get the charm.
You can enjoy videos of different famous recitations to help you understand.
Design Intention Li Bai’s works are as natural as nature and cannot be interpreted, so you need to read them more and observe them as a whole. Through repeated reading and beautiful reading, you can better understand the beauty of this poem.
(5) After-school assignment "The Road to Shu is Difficult" Lesson Plan Design 2
Teaching Objectives
1. Understand the life and creation of the poet Li Bai
2. Understand the development history of poetry in the Tang Dynasty
3. Appreciate the poet's passionate emotions, bold and elegant artistic style, and majestic and sinister writing style.
4. Understand the thoughts and feelings contained in the poem and appreciate its attitude towards life.
Teaching process
First lesson
1. Introduction of new lessons
The Tang Dynasty was the highest peak of the development of poetry in our country, and Tang poetry was A treasure in the Chinese art garden.
The poetry of the Tang Dynasty is generally divided into four periods according to its development: the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the middle Tang Dynasty and the late Tang Dynasty. The representative figures of the early Tang Dynasty are Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin. They are named the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty". Their poetic style is healthy and lively.
The representatives of the prosperous Tang Dynasty are the two famous poets Li Bai and Du Fu mentioned in our unit. In addition, the prosperous Tang Dynasty also produced frontier poems represented by Gao Shi, Cen Shen and Wang Changling.
The representative figure of the Mid-Tang Dynasty is Bai Juyi, whose narrative poems "Pipa Play" and "Song of Everlasting Sorrow" are widely read.
In the late Tang Dynasty, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, known as "Little Li Du", also left many popular poems.
2. Introduction to the author
Li Bai and Du Fu have always been regarded as two parallel peaks in the world of Tang poetry. At the same time, they also constitute the division of Tang poetry. Li Bai sang in the peaceful and prosperous age. It sounded the romantic sentiment of poetry and formed a bold and elegant style; Du Fu poured more feelings of concern for the country and the people in troubled times. Define his own poetry style as "depressed and depressed".
Li Bai, also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian layman. A great poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He showed his talent when he was young, reciting poems and composing poems, and was erudite and talented. ?When you are five years old, you can recite Liujia, and when you are ten years old, you can observe hundreds of schools of thought. ?I have been roaming around various places for a long time since I was twenty-five years old, and have a lot of experience in social life. During this period, he was enshrined in Hanlin at the beginning of Tianbao due to the recommendation of Wu Jun and others. But it is not taken seriously politically. He was slandered and ostracized by the powerful, and left Chang'an in just over a year. The failure to realize his political ambitions gave him a deeper understanding of the political corruption at that time. In the third year of Tianbao's reign, he made friends with the poet Du Fu in Luoyang. During the Anshi Rebellion, with the desire to quell the rebellion, he served as an aide to King Yong. However, due to the defeat, Yelang was exiled. On the way, he was pardoned and returned to the East. In his later years, he wandered and lived in poverty and died in Dangtu. Li Bai has a heroic character and is eager to make achievements. He is a prince of shit, looks down upon the powerful, sympathizes with the people, and cares about the political situation. Sometimes it also expresses the sentiment that life is like a dream and carpe diem. Li Bai is the most outstanding romantic poet after Qu Yuan. Li Bai's poetry style is majestic, elegant, straightforward and natural, which had a huge influence on his time and future generations. There is "The Complete Works of Li Taibai".
3. Writing background:
Since the Tang Dynasty, people have been speculating on the writing background of "The Road to Shu". There are four main theories: 1. This poem is I am worried about Fang (Wang Guan) and Du Fu, and hope that they will leave Sichuan as soon as possible to avoid the murderous hands of Yan Wu, the governor of Jiannan; B. This poem was written for Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, who fled to Shu to escape the Anshi Rebellion, and advised him to It is a metaphor for his return to Chang'an to avoid being hijacked by the local warlords in Sichuan. C. This poem is intended to satirize Zhangchou Jianqiong, the governor of the Shu region at that time, who wanted to separatist power by danger and did not listen to the court's control: Ding, this poem purely sings about the scenery of the mountains and rivers, and has no moral meaning. .
This poem was first recorded in the "He Yue Ying Ling Ji" compiled by Yin (Wang Fan) of the Tang Dynasty. The book was compiled in the 12th year of Tianbao by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (753 AD). From this we can know Li Bai's poem should have been written at the latest before the "Collection of Heroes in Heyue" was compiled. At that time, the Anshi Rebellion had not yet occurred, Tang Xuanzong settled in Chang'an, and Fang (Wang Guan) and Du Fu had not yet entered Sichuan. Therefore, theories A and B are obviously wrong. As for the satire of Zhangchou Jianqiong, judging from relevant records in some historical books, there is no basis. When Zhangchou Jianqiong was in control of Shu, although he exploited and oppressed the people, he did not dare to rebel against the court. Instead, he blindly curried favor with the powerful officials in the court in order to become a capital official in Chang'an. Relatively speaking, the last statement is more objective and close to the actual work.
It is generally believed that this poem was probably written by Li Bai when he was in Chang'an from Tianbao 1st to Tianbao 3rd to send his friend Wang Yan to Shu. The purpose was to persuade Wang Yan not to detain Shu. , Return to Chang'an as soon as possible. During the Tang and Tang Dynasties, the commercial economy in central Shu was extremely developed, and people who entered Shu were reluctant to return, but did not realize that the situation in this area was dangerous. It had been a feudal separatist land since ancient times, and there was a possibility of rebellion at any time.
This poem was probably written by Li Bai when he first entered Chang'an in the 19th year of Kaiyuan (731). "The Road to Shu is Difficult" is an ancient Yuefu title. The content of the ancient poems is that the road to Shu is dangerous and difficult, implying that achievements are difficult to achieve. It was this that touched Li Bai's mind when he first entered Chang'an in pursuit of fame but failed. When a friend came to Shu, he used this ancient inscription to write a poem to say goodbye to his friend. The poem tries its best to describe the difficulties and obstacles on the road to Shu, expressing concerns about the warlords in the middle of Shu and the safety of friends traveling in Shu. It also expresses the sorrow and indignation that the world is difficult and the achievements of people with lofty ideals are difficult to achieve.
IV. Overall Perception
"The Road to Shu is Difficult" is an ancient Yuefu title. This poem describes the majestic and steep road to Shu, and contains the meaning of the difficulty of entering Shu and the inability to stay in Shu for a long time. The strange and rich imagination in the poem, as well as the majestic and heroic spirit, fully demonstrate the poet's romantic temperament and love for the motherland's mountains and rivers. To study this poem, you must carefully appreciate the poet's unrestrained emotions and rich imagination, novel and bold exaggeration and lively language, and feel the beauty of the poem's artistic conception and sound with your heart.
5. Read the text aloud in correct pronunciation.
Second Lesson
Teaching content: Analyze and appreciate the content of poetry.
1. Question: After reading this poem, you will find that there is a sentence repeated three times. Do you know which sentence it is?
? The road to Shu is difficult, and it is difficult. Go to the sky?.
2. Question: This sentence appears three times in the three paragraphs of the article. Is it a simple repetition? What are their respective functions?
No, there is a meaning. difference. The first paragraph says: "The danger is so high! The road to Shu is as difficult as climbing to the blue sky?", describing the height of the road to Shu, highlighting the unfathomable height of the road to Shu.
3. Appreciate the first natural paragraph: This paragraph can be divided into two levels:
The first level: writes the origin of Shu Road.
The second level: describes the height of the Shu Road.
First level:
Silkworm bushes and fishtails, how confused the founding of the country is! You are forty-eight thousand years old, and you are not in the vicinity of Qin Sai. There is a bird path in Taibai, Xidang, which can cross the top of Emei.
These sentences describe the long-term isolation of Shu, which is blocked by high mountains and there are many mountains between Qin and Shu. ?Forty-eight thousand years old? is an exaggeration; ?There is a bird path? means that no one has walked there.
The earth collapsed and the mountains destroyed the strong men to death, and then the ladders and stone stacks were connected to each other.
These two sentences describe the origin of the Shu Road. Quotes the allusion of Wu Ding who opened the mountain.
Question: What is the purpose of quoting the legend of Wu Ding who opened the mountain?
It expresses the struggle between man and nature and the strong desire of the working people to transform nature, praising the divine power and the courage of the pioneers. , which dyes the article with a magical color and attracts readers.
Second level:
On the top there is the high mark of six dragons returning to the sun, and below there is the rushing wave and turning back to Sichuan. The yellow crane cannot fly past, and the ape clings to it to overcome its sorrow. There are piles of green mud, and there are nine twists and turns in a hundred steps, lingering on the rocks. Mon went to the Lijing Well and raised his head and breathed, and he sat with his hands on his back and sighed.
Shu Mountain is so high that even the Sun’s car has to turn back when it encounters it, and the water waves are twisted and flowed backwards. Neither the yellow crane, which is good at flying, nor the ape, which is good at climbing, can cross it. The mountain road twists and turns, and the Shu Road is so high that climbers can touch the stars on the mountain.
4. Study the second paragraph:
The second paragraph says: "The difficulty of the Shu Road is as difficult as climbing to the blue sky, so that people can hear this withered beauty!" Write the wonders of the Shu Road The dangerous journey and the scary atmosphere on the way. It can be divided into two levels:
First level: The author uses "Sad Bird" and "Zigui" to exaggerate the desolate and desolate atmosphere on the way, giving the feeling of being alone for thousands of miles.
Second level: The author writes extremely about the dangers of Shu Road. It is thrilling to imagine tourists climbing on top of "mountain peaks" and cliffs, and being in the midst of deafening "turbulent waterfalls". Finally, the danger is also the same to dissuade people from entering Shu.
Students should read and recite it.
5. Study the third paragraph:
The third time it appears in the third paragraph, "The road to Shu is difficult, it is difficult to climb to the sky. I turn sideways and look to the west and sigh!" Write about Shu The scourge of war. The first sentence reproduces the dangerous scene of Jiange. Since "one man is in charge of the pass, and ten thousand men cannot open it", it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, so it must be a battleground for military strategists. Military rebellions are easy to occur in Shu, and the scene is cruel and miserable.
Students should read and recite it.
6. Summary: We know that "The road to Shu is difficult, it is difficult to reach the sky" is by no means simply repeated, so it appears three times in a row with different intentions:
It lays the foundation for the whole poem. The tone of the chant. One sighs at the steepness of the Shu road; the second sighs at the danger of the Shu road; the third sighs at the fierce war disaster in Shu.
7. How did the poet express the majesty and steepness of the Shu Road? (Innovation P29) (Expression Technique)
Myths and legends: Five Ding opened the mountain and six dragons returned to the sun? Write It reveals the insurmountable obstacles on the Shu Road in history.
Imaginary contrast: the yellow crane cannot fly across, and the ape is worried about climbing? To contrast, it is even more difficult for people to walk.
Copy the expressions and movements: touching the stars, breathing nervously, stroking the chest and sighing, walking hard, looking horrified? The situation of danger is as if it is before your eyes.
Borrowing scenery to express emotions: desolate ancient trees and sad birdsong (the mournful bird calls the ancient trees, and Zigui cries at the moon at night)? It makes people pale when they hear the sound, exaggerating the desolate environmental atmosphere above Lvchou and Shu Road, and effectively sets off the The road to Shu is difficult.
Use of exaggeration: ? Even if the peaks are gone, the sky will not be full? ? The withered pine hanging upside down and leaning on the cliff illustrates the height of the mountain and the danger of the cliff, exaggerating the thrilling atmosphere.
Summary: Li Bai used his unpredictable brushwork to vividly depict the difficulties of the Shu Road, artistically show the winding, towering, high and rugged features of the ancient Shu Road, and depict a A colorful landscape painting. On the surface, the author writes about the dangers of the Shu Road, but in fact, he writes about the ups and downs of his official career, which reflects the poet's life experience of repeated setbacks during his long wanderings and his resentment at not being recognized for his talents.
8. Artistic characteristics:
(1) Good at integrating imagination, exaggeration and myths and legends, bold and elegant.
(2) The ancient Yuefu inscriptions have been developed, the number of words is uneven, and the sentences are of different lengths.
(3) Chant repeatedly, three times in one.
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