On the stylistic characteristics of Chu Ci.
1.
Poetry style, arrangement and exaggeration, and rich imagination are the unique characteristics of Chu Ci. For example, "Li Sao" is full of fantasy and unrestrained imagination, expressing true feelings repeatedly. 2.
From the perspective of style, compared with the "Book of Songs", the length of Chu Ci has been greatly increased, and the sentence pattern has also changed from mainly four words to long and short, uneven and scattered. 3.
As far as language is concerned, Chu Ci mostly uses Chu language and Chu sounds, and a large number of Chu dialect words have emerged. In addition, the characters "xi" and "Xie", as function words and interjections, have become a distinctive symbol of Chu Ci.
On the ideological content of "Li Sao".
1. The ideal of "beautiful government" and deep patriotic sentiments. Qu Yuan yearned for the state of "former sages" in which the king was wise and his ministers were wise, and the king and his ministers were harmonious, and he proposed a specific strategy of governing the country by "promoting the virtuous and empowering them, and following the rules without being incompetent".
2. The tenacity to pursue the ideal without regret and the critical spirit to hate evil. The noble ministers attacked in groups and persecuted Qu Yuan, but Qu Yuanren did not give up his political ideal and pursued it hard. "Li Sao" writes that he went to heaven and earth to find a way out, which is He pursues the image of ideal realization. His critical spirit lies in his unswerving pursuit of bright ideals, while also directly exposing darkness and criticizing treacherous people.
Discuss the main artistic characteristics of "Li Sao".
p>1. Strong passion and fantastic imagination. The first half of "Li Sao" looks back on the past, reminiscing about life experience, ideals and encounters. It is basically realistic, but those verses that use a narration technique to exaggerate one's own beautiful qualities already have the characteristics of strange imagination; the second half is written The exploration of the future road is even more intense like fire, and the loyal and deep patriotism erupts vividly through the imagination of galloping and elegant, going to heaven and earth.
2. The image of a lyrical protagonist who is pure, beautiful, independent and unyielding. His noble origin, lofty ideals, pure, pure, independent and unyielding personality, and his extremely strong emotions constitute the extraordinary and perfect imagination of the lyrical protagonist. It has symbolic meaning and expresses The spiritual essence of this long lyrical poem.
3.
The expansion of the metaphoric technique. It develops the metaphorical metaphor in fragments of the Book of Songs into the continuous use of metaphorical metaphors in long poems, and also transforms the simple metaphors in the Book of Songs in which metaphors and metaphors are independent. Combined into one. The expressive techniques of placing one's feelings on objects and supporting objects to express emotions, which were expanded on the basis of "The Book of Songs", formed the tradition of the famous metaphorical technique of vanilla beauty in Chinese literature, which has far-reaching influence.
Four.
Structural features. The whole poem is organized around the poet's unswerving feelings about his motherland and his unrepentant spirit of pursuing lofty ideals. The first half reviews history and writes about it, and the second half is about Exploration of the realization of ideals, virtual writing.
5.
Form and language characteristics. It not only adopts the form of folk songs, but also draws on the writing style of prose, becoming a new literary expression form with arbitrary length of sentences and alternate rhymes and prose. The second half of "Li Sao" To express the poet's ideological activities, it is often based on questions and answers between the host and the guest, and descriptions. The language is rich and colorful, and double-voice rhymes abound.
Chu Ci was developed on the basis of Chu folk songs through processing and refinement , has strong local characteristics. Due to the differences in geography and language environment, the area of ??Chu has had its unique local music since ancient times, which was called Nanfeng and Nanyin in ancient times; it also has its unique folk songs, such as "Shuo Yuan" recorded in "Shuo Yuan" "Chu People's Song", "Yue People's Song", and "Canglang Song"; more importantly, the Chu State has a long history, and witchcraft is prevalent in Chu. The Chu people entertained the gods with singing and dancing, which preserved a large number of myths and poetry and music developed rapidly. , which makes Chu folk songs full of primitive religious atmosphere. All these influences make Chu Ci have the unique tone and phonology of Chu State, and at the same time have deep romanticism and strong shamanistic cultural color. It can be said that the emergence of Chu Ci is the result of the It is inseparable from the influence of the local folk songs of Chu State and the cultural tradition of Chu State.
At the same time, Chu Ci is the product of the combination of Chu State culture in the south and Central Plains culture in the north. After the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it has always been called The Chu State of Jingman became increasingly powerful. In the process of striving to dominate the Central Plains and compete for hegemony among the princes, it had frequent contacts with northern countries, which promoted extensive cultural exchanges between the north and the south. The Chu State was also deeply influenced by the culture of the northern Central Plains. It is this kind of north-south culture that The combination gave birth to a great poet like Qu Yuan and a great and colorful poem like "Chu Ci".
"Chu Ci" occupies an important position in the history of Chinese poetry. Its appearance broke the "Book of Songs" After two or three centuries of silence, it flourished in the poetry world. Therefore, later generations called "The Book of Songs" and "Chu Ci" both Feng and Sao. Feng refers to the style of the fifteen countries and represents the "Book of Songs", which is full of reality. The spirit of doctrine; Sao refers to "Li Sao", representing "Chu Ci", which is full of romanticism. Feng and Sao have become the two major schools of realism and romanticism in Chinese classical poetry.