Most people in China are addicted to history, so literary and artistic works with historical themes have a wide audience. In historical works, how much is history and how much is drama? Which historical facts can be dramatized and which historical facts cannot be dramatized? How to combine history with drama? Wait a minute. Some of these discussions are not so much differences in understanding as problems in practice and proper control.
When discussing historical dramas, we should first distinguish between costume dramas and historical dramas. Costume drama is not equal to historical drama. The costume of costume drama is just a disguise, which may be the real historical background. All characters and events are fictitious. People in the play can wear costumes to perform modern stories and even transplant foreign stories. Only using ancient costumes as props is beyond our discussion.
Historical drama is not. Historical plays demand truth. Truth is the basic character of historical drama.
So, what is the historical truth of historical drama? In my opinion, it should include two aspects: on the one hand, the truth of historical facts, the big historical background, the main characters, the basic plot and even the clothing customs and other details should conform to the real history. False and fabricated stories cannot be regarded as history, and even buildings, utensils, costumes and customs that are not in the historical era cannot be displayed to the audience as things of that era.
But is the truth of historical facts enough? Obviously not. Historical drama is an interpretation of historical images. It tells people what history is and why through artistic means. The cause and effect of the event, the loyalty, treachery, good and evil of the characters, are praised and derogated, that is to say, to express an idea in a work, it should be a correct and accurate grasp of the historical essence. This is another aspect of the historical drama that we want to be true and grasp the truth of historical essence. It is not allowed to misinterpret history, reverse right and wrong, or even praise extravagance and abuse.
Literary and artistic works with historical themes, like other forms of historical reading materials, should have cognitive and educational functions, so they cannot tell false history or tell wrong historical knowledge to readers or audiences; At the same time, historical drama also has the function of historical reference and enlightenment.
However, literary and artistic works with historical themes are literary and artistic works after all, and should also have the attributes of literary and artistic works and should be available for viewing. Has entertainment function. Historical plays must be good-looking. Can't simply preach or list historical events; It is not an explanatory diagram of history, nor is it a restoration of historical scenes. It can have appropriate fiction and imagination, can replace trees with flowers, and can refine historical facts to make them more concentrated and profound. The basic principles of its creation are the same as those of literary works with realistic themes. Historical plays should be more vivid and touching than real history. Historical drama has advantages over history books in telling history. On the one hand, we can invite the ancients out. Let them show their views vividly; On the other hand, it can bring modern people into the environment of the ancients to feel and imperceptibly. Historical drama is irreplaceable by history textbooks or books.
Judging from the long-term literary practice, the creation of historical dramas should also avoid two tendencies. First, the enlightenment and reference function of historical drama is one-sided and vulgar. The result is preaching, which is not artistic at all. The most taboo, the greatest harm to historical drama and even society, is to make a simple comparison and allusion to historical events, historical figures and reality under the banner of serving political reality. History is regarded as a specific tool, and historical facts will inevitably be distorted to suit shoes; On the other hand, what we should avoid or resolutely oppose is making fun of history. Works that joke about history, regardless of basic historical facts, are fabricated at will, and their ultimate goal is entertainment, not box office. This kind of work will convey the wrong knowledge and information to the audience, even if it does not harm people's hearts.
I sum up the writing principles of historical drama as follows: the major events are true, the details are exquisite, and the essence is not lost.
1. Among the following statements, the most accurate one is: ()
A. All historical backgrounds, characters, plots, buildings, utensils, costumes and customs in historical dramas should conform to the real history.
B, the author thinks that the truth of historical drama is composed of the truth of historical facts and the correct and accurate grasp of historical essence. Only in this way can its cognitive function and educational function be demonstrated.
C. The historical truth of the so-called historical drama is to tell people what history is and why through artistic means.
D the historical truth of historical drama is that it is forbidden to misinterpret history, to reverse right and wrong, and even to praise or criticize excessively.
2. The following understanding of the attributes of historical drama literature works does not conform to the original meaning: ()
A historical drama should be more vivid and touching than real history.
B, historical drama must have ornamental value and entertainment function, and must be good-looking.
C. Appropriate fiction and imagination of historical dramas, or "replacing trees with flowers" or refining historical facts can make historical dramas more profound.
D, the principle of historical drama creation is somewhat different from the literary creation of realistic themes.
3. According to the original content, the following understanding and analysis are correct: ()
A. A good historical drama is a historical drama that can not only make historical figures vividly present themselves, but also bring the audience to the historical environment.
B, many discussions about historical dramas are actually not differences in understanding, but problems in practical operation and discretion.
C simply comparing historical events and historical figures with reality is the greatest harm to historical dramas and even society.
D. Historical plays have greater advantages than history textbooks in telling history.
Second, the ancient poetry reading (***34 points)
(a) classical Chinese reading (18 points)
Read the following classical Chinese and complete questions 4-7.
You Dan Xia Ji (Qing) Yuanmei
In the late spring of Chen Jia, I went to eastern Guangdong. I heard that Renhua had the victory of Danxia, so I moored under Wuma Peak. Do not buy a boat, explore along the river. The mountains are all flat, and the horizontal ridges are not straight, ranging from one floor to ten million floors, and the circles are constant. It is suspected that there are many snails and mussels off the coast of Lingnan, so the peak shape is also a line. Yu Qi, meet at the left window, goodbye, and come again at the right window; See you in the front cabin, goodbye, and come back in the back cabin. Mountain chasing customers, customers love mountains? It is incredible that it is so late in the afternoon.
Go to Danxia day and night. But there is no way to see the cliff, but a crack on the side of the mountain is like a diagonal saw. It takes a long time for people to go in sideways. Climbing the iron rope was not built in a day. Use pine roots as slope steps, naturally compete and never slip; If there is no level, you can cut a cliff stone and you can get 300 levels. To the narrowest pass of the Blue Sky Gate, only one passenger is allowed, and the horizontal iron plate is opened and closed, and one person holds a spear, so birds can't fly. The temple on the mountain is very strong and wide, and it is very clever to cut cliffs and make ditches to attract monks to cook water. There is a monk tower under the cliff, and the cliff is high and powerful. Surrounded by mountains and arches ahead, such as Hou Bo from all over the world coming to Korea with jade, bold cows and ugly rhinos, magical people with plows and graceful dancers.
Su Yu Jing Guan Lu. Qian Shan stood in front of the window, pressing the human soul, with a heavy dream. The mountainside sank a few feet, the pearl spring dripped empty, and the pillow continued. The fish in Chi Duowen are swimming. When I was sitting with a pen and an inkstone, I didn't know there was a world, a home, or where it was.
The next day, along the original road, if you manage old books, you will feel more delicious. Standing on a high place, looking at your home, from the estuary to this place, the snake twists and turns as far as the eye can see, about a hundred miles away. If Zheng Kangcheng's theory of empty bird path is used to draw a straight line, you can reach Danxia from Wumafeng in a short time. I just know that the creator made a gesture of frustration on purpose. The article is not a song but a work. The first angle of view is too steep to be afraid, but sit on a stone windowsill and move your feet.
The monk asked Danxia how it compared with Luofu, and Yu said that Luofu was sloppy and not worth the loss, but Danxia was better than the police. Ask again: "What is there without monuments?" Yue: Yandang began in the Southern Song Dynasty, so there is no title of Tang Dynasty. Huangshan Mountain has been open since the Ming Dynasty, so it has no title of Song Dynasty. Danxia opened at the beginning of the country, so there is no monument. It has been more than 4000 years since Yu ruled, and there are famous mountains and rivers, such as the source of the Yellow River discovered in the Yuan Dynasty. However, from this point of view, the mountains are still like this, and the more you know the meaning of saints, the more boundless you feel. If the former sages occasionally give relief, but want to pity future generations, they are not allowed to participate again. This is stupid, but almost the opposite.
4. In the following sentences, the explanation of the added words is incorrect: () (3 points)
A, there are horizontal stripes without straightness-straightness: vertical texture.
B, meet at the left window, goodbye, here comes the right window again-meet: I see it.
C high power on the cliff-high power: high curtain
D, it is sitting on a stone platform and moving its feet-stone platform: that is, "stone bench"
5. Among the following sentences, the one that best reflects the scenic features of Danxia Mountain is: () (3 points)
(1) The mountain is flat, with horizontal ridges and no straight lines.
Meet in the front cabin, goodbye, and see you in the back cabin.
(3) People are sideways, which is a long way. Climbing the iron rope was not built in a day.
(4) Open and close on a horizontal iron plate. One person holds a spear, and birds cannot fly.
⑤ The mountainside sank several feet, but the Pearl Spring failed.
⑥ From Wumafeng to Danxia, it can be reached in a moment.
a、①④⑤ B、①②④ C、②③⑥ D、③⑤⑥
6. The following explanations of the article are incorrect: () (3 points)
A. Starting from the road to Danxia Mountain, the article describes the confusing situation of the waterway wandering in the mountain, paving the way for writing the adventures of Danxia Mountain.
B. When writing Danxia formally, the author gradually wrote out the scenery of mountain roads, passes, temples and mountains and rivers with a fine pen, and deepened it through "heavy" dreams, which was very interesting.
C in the fourth paragraph of the article, I wrote down my feelings when I went down the mountain from the original road with relish, and summarized the characteristics of the scenery. As a scholar, the author uses the metaphor of "sorting out old books" to go downhill, which is quite reasonable and interesting.
D, at the end of the article, the experience of traveling in the mountains is extended to reading, pointing out that famous mountains and rivers are discovered early and discovered late, and many of them are buried; Knowledge is endless, and there are still many things that have not been explored and understood, so don't be limited to the views of predecessors, but be brave in pioneering.
7. Translate underlined sentences into modern Chinese. (9 points)
(1) The next day, along the original road, if you manage used books, you will feel more delicious.
(2) I realized that the creator made a gesture of frustration on purpose, and the article was not a song but a work.
(3) There are famous mountains and rivers, and there are still undiscovered people, such as the source of the Yellow River, which was discovered in the Yuan Dynasty.
(2) Reading ancient poems (10)
Read the following Song Ci and answer questions 8-9.
Salt angle? Bo she Guan mei
(Song) Chao
When it opens, it is like snow, when it is thanked, it is like snow, and the flowers are wonderful. The fragrance is not in the core, not in the calyx, but in the bone.
Occupy the stream wind, stay in the stream moon, shame, pink as blood. Straight and forgive, sparse and faint, there must be general feelings.
8. Please talk about the main characteristics of plum blossom in the author's pen in combination with the whole word content. What kind of feelings are there? (4 points)
9. What is the technique used in the sentence "occupy the stream wind, stay in the stream for the month, shame and loss, peaches are like blood"? Try to appreciate it. (6 points)
(3) Dictation of famous articles and sentences (6 points)
10, fill in the blanks in the following sentences. (6 points)
(1) Banquet from a general angle. The Book of Songs? rank grass
It's a long way. (Nineteen ancient poems)
(3), the heart is nostalgic. (Cao Cao's "Short Songs")
(4) in Li Tao, tang qian. (Tao Yuanming's Return to the Garden)
5] More than a kind heart. (Qu Yuan's Li Sao)
[6], I don't know what it is. (Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu)
Three, literary text reading (***24 points)
If I have to vote for several representatives of southern trees, I will vote for banyan trees as the first vote.
Kapok, chestnuts, coconut trees, palms, sycamore trees, Casuarina equisetifolia ... These trees are naturally permeated with subtropical atmosphere, each with its own unique style. But as far as the close relationship with the life of southern residents is concerned, no one can compare with banyan. Ancient, intertwined banyan trees, clusters of beard-like "air roots" hanging from the branches, surrounded the village. Together with the rippling pond, sparkling grain drying field, exquisite and elegant bean shed melon rack and clumsy two big-horned black buffaloes, it constitutes a typical southern countryside. In Guangdong, you can see banyan trees wherever you go. It can be seen everywhere in Guangzhou, in the central park, on both sides of the crowded Wende Road in the old bookstore, at the entrance of Sanyuanli Temple in the suburbs, or on the mountain roads of famous mountains. Meeting, listening to reports, learning culture, enjoying the cool, smoking, drinking tea, chatting, taking a nap and playing chess under a huge banyan tree are almost a lesson that any southerner must take in his life.
Some trees are easy to associate and personify because of their unique appearance and attributes. Pine trees remind people of lofty ideals, banana trees remind people of beauty, bamboo pruning reminds people of hermits, and big trees like locust trees remind people of generals. And these old banyan trees remind people of wisdom, kindness, stability and vicissitudes. Their handfuls of air roots fluttering peacefully in the breeze are very reminiscent of the characters such as "bearded" in the novel. Don't underestimate the "beard" of this tree, which makes banyan a giant in the "tree family" on the earth. Large animals are elephants and whales; Who is the big shot in the factory? Is it Sophora japonica, eucalyptus, chestnut, Korean pine or something? Yes! These are all long people or fat people in the plant kingdom. But if each tree is calculated by the weight of its female parent and all its appendages, no tree in the world can overwhelm this strange evergreen tree. The handfuls of air roots of banyan trees will become trunks as soon as they touch the ground. Mother trees and subtrees will grow endlessly, and a tree can become a forest. It is said that a banyan tree can have a shade of ten acres wide. This estimate may actually be conservative. I saw a piece of material. It is said that there is a famous banyan solitary forest in Bangladesh, India. It has 800 roots hanging down and digging into the soil, each of which has developed into a trunk, and its shadow area has exceeded one hectare (fifteen acres). There is a famous "bird paradise" in Xinhui County, Guangdong Province. In the Woods on the pillars in the middle of the river, egrets and storks flock together, forming a beautiful scenery surrounded by hundreds of birds at dawn. The grove in Jiang Xinzhou was also bred by a banyan tree. There, it is impossible to tell which tree is the original female parent.
There is a saying in the ancient south of China that "glory can't beat Ji 'an" (Ji 'an in southern Jiangxi). This kind of tree is rarely seen in the Yangtze River valley, but it can be seen everywhere in the south of China. The banyan tree (like fig, which is actually its developed saccular receptacle) is very small, only the size of soybean, with reddish and purple colors. We sit under the banyan tree to enjoy the cool, and sometimes we can go away without knowing it. Playing with those tender figs, I can't help admiring the magic of creation. Who would have thought that such a small fig could grow into a towering tree or even a small forest! The strangest thing about the banyan tree is its roots. The air roots fall to the ground and become trunk, which makes the ancient banyan tree a vault door for children to wear. Its underground roots are also magnificent, often forming tangled protrusions at the base of the trunk. If it is a banyan tree beside a city street, the arched roots can even make the concrete floor burst. In some villages in the south, a layer of cement one or two feet thick is poured on the base of the banyan tree to form a smooth frustum closely connected with the tree body, making the "banyan tree" a good place to enjoy the cool and summer. Banyan has a majestic trunk and towering green leaves. Without strong and far-reaching roots, it is difficult to support this tree. Therefore, its underground roots can "develop in depth", spread in all directions and climb to extremely deep and far places. The deep roots and luxuriant leaves make the shade of the big banyan tree look like an open-air auditorium. No wonder people praised them as "Banyan Mansions" hundreds of years ago.
Some plants put their stems into the ground shyly. However, banyan not only makes its roots go deep into the ground, but also makes them suddenly appear on the ground; Not only suddenly appeared on the ground, but also let its roots hang in the air; Even the toll is attached to the tree, which makes these tangled and changeable roots form the strange clothes of the old banyan tree. No plant shows the function of "root" in front of human beings, as heroic and refreshing as the banyan tree.
On the cliff of the famous mountain resort, I even saw some banyan trees, which can grow without much soil. A banyan seed landed on the cliff, leaning against a little mud in the crevice, boy! It is growing. Its roots can't get into the hard stone, so it grows against the stone wall. In this case, these roots are like steel bars. They play a strange role, absorbing all the nutrients on the stone wall and transporting them to the trees. Therefore, it is not surprising that you see a twisted banyan tree growing peacefully on the stone wall. Where can a tree that attaches so much importance to roots not grow in a suitable climate?
I have never seen a banyan die of natural causes. If it weren't for thunder and lightning, it seems that you could live for thousands of generations. It is precisely because the banyan tree has such magical vitality that in the old society, an old banyan tree was often pasted with red paper to pray for disaster relief, and even incense sticks were inserted in its roots. Many superstitious old women were still burning incense to worship.
(Qin Mu, 19 19 was born in Hongkong, a native of Chenghai, Guangdong, and returned overseas Chinese in Singapore. )
1 1. For the following understanding of the article, the two most correct items are () () (4 points) (4 points for both items, 2 points for only one item, and 0 point for the wrong item).
A, at the beginning of the article, I wrote, "If I have to vote for several representatives of southern trees, I will vote for banyan trees at the first vote." Get to the point and point out the main idea of the article.
B. In the third paragraph of the article, Sophora japonica, Eucalyptus, Castanea mollissima, Pinus koraiensis in plants and elephants and whales in animals are selected for comparison, and the "big" banyan tree is highlighted.
C, this essay, the author is plain and easy to understand in language, as if it is homely, which highlights the characteristics of the article describing the image of "wise man".
D. because of the emphasis on roots, the vitality of banyan trees is extremely tenacious. As long as the seeds of banyan are sown on the land, it can thrive anywhere.
E. As one of the most famous essayists in the contemporary era, Qin Mu's Beautifully Bearded Banyan Tree, which spans all ages, regardless of Chinese or foreign, fully embodies the characteristics of prose "scattered in form but not scattered in spirit".
12, please enjoy the underlined sentences. (6 points)
(1) And these old banyan trees remind people of wise, kind, steady and experienced old people.
(2) Before human beings, no plant showed the function of "root", as heroic and refreshing as the banyan tree.
13, combined with the full text, briefly explain why the author voted for the banyan tree. (6 points)
14, what kind of feelings does this article express? What inspiration do you have for this? Please explain it with an article. (8 points)
Volume II Language Use
Four, the use of language (***23 points)
15. The following words with complete and correct phonetic notation are: () (3 points)
I. strictly abide by k \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \ u \\ u \\
B. Cry Dà n when renting a house by lng in Mostai Lane in Long song.
C, curse Z ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ ǔ.
D, melancholy y and meaniyngful j: n, shooting cuan, indignation y and ng
16. Among the following groups of words, the group without typos is: () (3 points)
A, Oasis wyndell dichinson has been squeezed, and can't wait to choose B, decadence and slaughter are fruitful.
C, the shortcut of window leaf stinging listlessness D, the secluded and playful fish Xiang tasted it.
17. Which of the following sentences is true: () (3 points)
A, what I admire most is the character of the old man Ba Jin. He is unpretentious and unpretentious, and his heart is as transparent as blue sky. In today's utilitarian impetuous era, this kind of quality of life of telling the truth and being a real person is really commendable.
B, food safety and hygiene is never just a problem of government supervision departments, it is inextricably linked with various fields of society, so it needs the participation of the whole society.
C. To improve the cultural quality of the whole nation, we must create a reading atmosphere for the whole nation, and the first thing to do is to create an atmosphere for reading national cultural classics.
D. A natural disaster caused a beautiful mountain to collapse. We all heard the tears there, and we all saw them. Today, we all reached out and brushed away the tears on the faces of the people in the disaster areas, soothing the injured hearts of the people in the disaster areas.
18. Among the following sentences, the one that is not bad is: () (3 points)
A, Wupeng boat turned a corner, and a stone bridge covered with green vines appeared in front of us. Looking up, I seem to see the bell of a carriage ringing gently. The sandalwood in the car is dense, and the smoke from the kitchen is curled up, adding a layer of simplicity and mystery.
B. With the continuous development and progress of science and technology, 3D printers have become "universal manufacturing machines", ranging from small houses to micron-sized products, and even teacups, zippers and car models can be printed.
C. In the Internet age, young people prefer catering services that can order food online and pay by mobile phone. The traditional chain fast food service model represented by McDonald's is undergoing a painful transformation.
D. My father and Mr. Xu have great differences in literary and artistic thoughts, but they have not interrupted their friendship. On the one hand, my father actively communicated with xu teacher, on the other hand, xu teacher was also very concerned about his father's creation.
19. One of the following statements about literary common sense and reading famous books is wrong: () (3 points)
A, The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems, and it is also the earliest and most important source of China's poems. After the Han Dynasty, it was honored as a Confucian classic. Collected 305 poems of more than 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period. According to music, the works are divided into three parts: wind, elegance and ode.
B ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang, has a sweet saying. The main works are novel love trilogy (home, spring and autumn) and torrent trilogy (fog, rain and electricity).
Nineteen Ancient Poems, selected from Selected Works of Liang Xiao Tong in Southern Dynasties, is a collection of five-character poems created by literati in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. They are not the works of one person, nor are they an organic group of poems. After Liang and Chen, "ancient poetry" formed a special name with a specific meaning.
D Hugo is a great romantic writer in the19th century and one of the greatest writers in the history of French literature. He advocates that everything in nature, whether ugly or evil, beautiful or sublime, can be an artistic theme, and puts forward the aesthetic principle of comparing beauty with ugliness.
20. After reading the following passage, please use four-word phrases to summarize the three spirits of the Chu people. (Do not extract the original phrase) (4 points)
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chu people were remote and narrow, but they were not satisfied with a peaceful corner. They expanded their territory through the arduous process of "cutting mountains and opening forests" and eventually became one of the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period and the seven heroes in the Warring States Period. The national policy of Chu people is "controlling foreigners with foreigners" and "returning to China". Compared with Guan Zi's ideological progress at that time, "Rong Di is a wolf, and all summers meet each other" and Confucius's "Chu people learn from foreign summers and actively carry out cultural exchanges. Chu people invented "Chu-style Wei" (a kind of pottery), and later absorbed the essence of bronze smelting technology from Yang Yue and Huaxia, making their own mining and smelting level in a leading position, and founded the Chu system and customs during the Yi and Xia Dynasties.
2 1, read the passage, imitate the underlined sentences and fill in the appropriate sentences on the horizontal lines. (Not required to have exactly the same number of words) (4 points)
"Poet, ambition also. Have ambition in your heart and speak like a poem. " Those touching poems are the revelation of the author's life and the beating of the author's emotions. This kind of talk, this kind of dance, Wang Wei projected it into the fresh and quiet empty mountain forest, and Xu Zhimo melted it into the gentle and graceful waves of He Kanghe.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) writing (***60 points, * * 1 small question)
22. Read the following materials and write as required.
Recently, Guangxi Normal University Press conducted an online survey of "I can't read the leaderboard". After counting the opinions of thousands of netizens, the result seems to be a little black humor: Dream of Red Mansions topped the list, among the top 10, China's four classic novels escaped the net, while One Hundred Years of Solitude, Memories of Time Past, Ulysses and Walden are familiar. That's right. Mark? Twain's definition of classics: what everyone wants to read, but everyone doesn't want to read.