Western Fujian is the Central Soviet Area and one of the earliest revolutionary base areas in China. The older generation of proletarian revolutionaries Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, Wang Jiaxiang, etc. fought and lived on this red land and carried out great revolutionary practices. The nine marshals, eight generals and many famous generals of New China have fought and lived in western Fujian. Western Fujian is the place where the Red Army grew and grew, and was the cradle of the generals of the Republic of China. After the Long March of the main force of the Red Army, western Fujian launched an arduous three-year guerrilla war. The military-civilian friendship based on the fish-water relationship overcame many difficulties and obstacles and achieved victory. Western Fujian is a strong fortress where the red flag will never fall.
Mao Zedong, a great man of a generation, spent more than a year in western Fujian. He creatively combined the basic principles of Marxism with the specific realities of the Chinese revolution, explored a way to save China from surrounding the cities in the countryside, and created The program for building the Party and the army: the Party’s absolute leadership over the army. And it was confirmed as a resolution at the Gutian Conference. Soon it spread throughout the party and the entire army, thus bringing the Chinese revolution to victory step by step. In the "Hip Shing Store" in Gutian, Mao Zedong was far-sighted and very optimistic about the prospects of the Chinese revolution: "It is a ship standing on the coast and looking into the sea with the tip of the mast visible. It is standing on the top of a mountain and looking to the east. I have seen a red sun that is shining brightly and is about to burst out. It is a baby that is about to mature in the mother's womb." He patiently persuaded some pessimists who had questions about "how long can the red flag last?" and guidance. Mao Zedong has always attached great importance to investigations. During his stay in western Fujian, whenever he had time, he went down to the company and the grassroots to conduct investigations at the homes of soldiers and ordinary people, and mastered a large amount of first-hand information. "Without investigation, there is no right to speak." "Opposing Bookism", "Caixi Township" "Investigation", "Concern about the Lives of the Masses, Pay Attention to Work Methods" and other volumes of heroic articles were written in western Fujian. How many truths were created in each revolutionary practice? ! Western Fujian is an important birthplace of Mao Zedong Thought.
The old revolutionary base areas in western Fujian include Longyan (now changed to Xinluo District), Shanghang, Yongding, Wuping, Changting, Liancheng, Zhangping, Mingxi, Qingliu, Ninghua and other 10 counties (cities and districts) and Part of Pinghe County.
As early as the first civil revolutionary war, the Communist Party organization was established and a vigorous revolutionary movement was launched; during the second civil revolutionary war, During this period, it was the central area of ??the Central Revolutionary Base.
After the May 4th Movement in 1919, a large number of intellectuals in western Fujian were influenced by the new ideological trend and went to France, Japan and other places to seek revolutionary truth and join the revolution. In the spring of 1921, Deng Zihui, Chen Ming, Zhang Duqi, Lin Xianting and others went to Dongxiaotonggang, Longyan. The principal of the primary school organized the "Qishan Book Club" to organize readings of revolutionary books such as "The Communist Manifesto", "New Youth" and "Guide", and criticized current abuses. More than 200 teachers and middle school students joined the club.
In September 1923, Deng Zihui, Zhang Juejue, Zhang Duqi and other 37 people founded the "Yansheng" newspaper at Qishan Publishing House, actively promoting new culture and new ideas, exposing social darkness, and reporting on mass struggles. Arouse the awakening of the masses of workers and peasants, promote revolutionary ideological trends, propagate socialist and Marxist-Leninist ideas, and elaborate on the spirit of Sun Yat-sen's new Three People's Principles of uniting with Russia, uniting with the Communist Party, and supporting farmers and workers. "Yansheng" newspaper is the earliest and most influential revolutionary publication in western Fujian to spread Marxism-Leninism. The organization of "Qishan Book Club" and the founding of the "Yansheng" newspaper, as well as the "Tinglei" publication founded by Changting, "Lianzhong Monthly" founded by Liancheng, and "Honghen" published by Shanghang, etc. The county made ideological preparations for the establishment of the Communist Party of China.
In 1924, Zheng Chaolin and Chen Zukang (who later rebelled) from western Fujian who studied and worked in other places joined the Communist Party of China. In this year, Wuping Xie Bingqiong was admitted to Shanghai University, which was established by the Communist Party of China to train cadres. The following year, Xiang Yunian, a young man from Liancheng, joined the Chinese Communist Party organization in Zhejiang. In the same year, Li Yungui from Liancheng. He Yaoquan from Yongding joined the Party in Guangzhou. In September 1925, the Fifth Peasant Movement Workshop in Guangzhou was opened under the leadership of communist Peng Pai. Lai Qiushi and Lai Yushan from Yongding went to study and participated in the Chinese Communist Party. ** Organization. In May 1926, the Sixth Peasant Movement Seminar hosted by Mao Zedong was opened in Guangzhou. Guo Diren, Chen Qinglong, Li Lianxing from Longyan, Wang Kuifu and Hu Yongdong from Yongding, Wen Jiafu from Shanghang, and Zhu Jilei from Pinghe went to study. In that year, Li Juemin of Yongding joined the Party in Guangzhou, Lai Lianzhang, Jiang Dexian and others joined the Party in Wuhan Military School, Deng Zihui joined the Party in Chongyi, Jiangxi, Hu Yihuan joined the Party in Shantou, Lin Jun joined the Party in Wuhan, and Zhang Dingcheng joined the Party in 1927. Dabu joined the party, Zhang Chinan joined the party in Wuhan, and Lan Hongxiang joined the party in Shantou. Lin Xinyao, Lu Zhaoxi, Lu Zhongzhi, Chen Zheng, Lan Weiren, Lan Weilong, and Zhong Wu studied in the Normal Department of Xiamen Jimei School. Most of the above-mentioned intellectual youths who joined the Communist Party organizations in other places were dispatched by the party organizations and returned to their hometowns to carry out revolutionary activities.
In the early summer of 1926, most of them were dispatched by the party organizations. The Xiamen regional party organization appointed Ruan Shan and Lin Xinyao, members of the Communist Party of China, to return to Yongding. Later, the first party branch in western Fujian was established in Shanghulei, Yongding, with the secretary Ruan Shan of the Yongding Party Branch of the Communist Party of China.
In December, Zhu Jilei and Wen Jiafu established party branches in Pinghe and Shanghang counties respectively. In January of the following year, Chen Qinglong, Guo Diren and others established a branch in Longyan.
In March 1927, the "Eight Ting County Social Movement Personnel Training Institute" was founded in Shanghang County, which trained a large number of backbones of the peasant movement to actively carry out the national revolutionary movement. After Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, the Kuomintang reactionaries in western Fujian also stepped up their efforts to suppress the revolution. Lin Xinyao, the leader of the party organization in western Fujian, and others were arrested and martyred. In September, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long, Ye Ting, Yun Daiying and others led the Nanchang Uprising troops southward through western Fujian, which gave great support and encouragement to the people of western Fujian and helped restore some party organizations in western Fujian, such as Shanghang, Longyan, Yongding, Pinghe, etc. Counties have established county committees one after another. In accordance with the spirit of the "August 7th" meeting of the Party Central Committee, the party organizations in western Fujian led the people to actively prepare for armed insurrection.
On April 3, 1928, Guo Diren, Deng Zihui and others led the Longyan Houtian Rebellion and put forward the battle slogan of burning land deeds, not paying rent, and dividing the land, which was the forerunner of the Fujian Agrarian Revolution. . On the 8th of the same month, Zhu Jilei led a peaceful riot. On June 25, Guo Baiping (later rebelled), Deng Zihui, and Fu Baicui led a riot in Shanghang Jiaoyang, killing and wounding more than 20 Kuomintang army officers and soldiers, and later moved to Dagou Mountain to launch guerrilla warfare. . At the end of the same month, Zhang Dingcheng, Ruan Shan, Lu Zhaoxi and others led the Yongding riot, the largest riot in western Fujian, and captured Yongding County. Subsequently, the peasant armed forces moved into the countryside of Xinanli and established the Red Army Battalion, the first worker-peasant Red Army unit in western Fujian. Zhang Dingcheng was appointed as the battalion commander and Deng Zihui was appointed as the party representative. On July 15, the leaders of the party organizations in the four counties of Longyan, Yongding, Shanghang, and Pinghe held a meeting in Gumudu, Yongding, and established the Provisional Special Committee of the Communist Party of China for Western Fujian and the Western Fujian Riot Committee. In August, Xinanli established a district Soviet government based on the establishment of Soviet power in 13 townships. This was the first Soviet area in Fujian Province. The party led farmers to carry out agrarian revolution, and 13 townships in the region with a population of more than 20,000 successfully completed the land reform and land allocation work.
On March 11, 1929, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, and Chen Yi led the Fourth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army from southern Jiangxi to the fourth capital of Changting. On the morning of the 14th, the Red Army launched an attack on the main force of the indigenous warlord Guo Fengming of the Second Mixed Brigade of the Kuomintang Fujian Provincial Defense Force who was stationed at Shenghua Mountain, wiping out more than 2,000 enemies, killing the brigade commander Guo Fengming, and taking advantage of the victory to liberate Tingzhou City. The Changting County Revolutionary Committee, the first red county-level political power in the Central Soviet Area, was established. On April 1, the Fourth Red Army returned to southern Jiangxi. After hearing the news, Deng Zihui wrote a "Report on the Struggle and the Situation between the Enemy and the Enemy in Western Fujian over the Years" and sent someone to the Front Committee of the Fourth Red Army. Therefore, Mao Zedong led the Fourth Red Army into Fujian for the second time on May 15. With the strong support of the workers and peasants in western Fujian, the Fourth Red Army On the 23rd, they first captured Longyan City, which was occupied by Chen Guohui, the First Mixed Brigade of the Fujian Provincial Defense Force of the Kuomintang. On the 25th, they liberated Yongding City and established the Yongding County Revolutionary Committee with Zhang Dingcheng as the chairman. Subsequently, the Fourth Red Army divided its troops and mobilized the masses in various counties and villages to stage riots. On June 3, the third column of the Fourth Red Army returned to Longyan. With the cooperation of Longyan local revolutionary armed forces, they captured Longyan City for the second time and established the Longyan County Revolutionary Committee with Deng Zihui as chairman. Soon, the main force of the Fourth Red Army moved to Shanghang and moved to the (Shang) Hang, (Chang) Ting, and Lien (Cheng) border areas, most of Shanghang County east of the Ting River, southern Changting and southern Liancheng County, and successively established Red Army The Soviet Area is connected with the Soviet Areas in Longyan and Yongding counties. On June 17, the Fourth Red Army learned that the main force of the indigenous warlord Chen Guohui's brigade had returned from Guangdong and set out from Liancheng Xinquan. On the 19th, they attacked Longyan City again and annihilated Chen's tribe. In three battles, more than 3,000 enemies were wiped out. Since then, a gratifying situation has emerged in the vast areas of western Fujian, where "it is really busy to divide the fields and divide the land."
On July 21 of the same year, the Western Fujian Party organization held the First Congress of the Communist Party of China in Western Fujian at Jiaoyang Wenchang Pavilion, Shanghang County, with Mao Zedong personally attending the meeting. The congress elected 15 people including Deng Zihui, Zhang Dingcheng, Tan Zhenlin and Cai Xiemin as members of the special committee. Deng Zihui was appointed as the secretary of the special committee and Zhang Dingcheng was appointed as the secretary of the Military Commission. The meeting formulated the "Political Resolution" and land policies and regulations. More than half a year after the meeting, worker-peasant democratic governments in more than 50 districts and more than 500 townships were established in various parts of Guixi. According to the provisions of the "Land Law", they led farmers to carry out agrarian revolution. , about 800,000 poor farmers were allocated land. In September and October, Longyan, Shanghang, Yongding, and Wuping counties held their first worker, peasant, and soldier congresses to elect county Soviet governments.
On December 3, 1929, the Fourth Red Army launched a large-scale political and military training in Xinquan, Liancheng. Due to changes in the enemy situation, the Fourth Red Army hurriedly moved to Shanghang Gutian. At the end of the month, the Ninth Congress of the Fourth Red Army of the Communist Party of China, which has great historical significance, was held in Gutian, Shanghang County. The "Resolution of the Ninth Congress of the Fourth Congress of the Fourth Army of the Communist Party of China" drafted by Mao Zedong was adopted, and a program for the construction of the Party and the Red Army was formulated. In January 1930, Mao Zedong wrote the party communication "A single spark can start a prairie fire" in Yoshida, proposing to surround the city with rural areas. The idea of ??finally seizing national power theoretically solved the problem of the path of the Chinese revolution.
On March 18, 1930, the First Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers in Western Fujian was held in Geyan City, and Deng Zihui was elected as the Chairman of the Soviet Government of Western Fujian, and Zhang Dingcheng, Guo Diren, Lu Zhaoxi and others were elected as executive members. ． And decided to establish the main local Red Army in western Fujian - the Ninth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (later renamed the Twelfth Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army).
After the meeting. Lianyu and Changting held the first worker, peasant and soldier congresses in April and June respectively, and elected county Soviets. Ninghua, Qingliu, and Guihua (now known as Mingxi) successively established county revolutionary committees and became the leaders of the Soviet Area in Western Fujian. components.
June 1930. The Fourth Red Army entered western Fujian. On the 11th, Mao Zedong presided over a joint meeting of the Front Committee of the Fourth Red Army and the Special Committee of Western Fujian, known as the "Nanyang Conference", in Nanyang Township, Shanghang County. The "Nanyang Conference" was discussed and adopted. Question" two resolutions. The resolution on the "Kulak Peasants Issue" formally affirmed the principle of "extracting fat to make up for thin" land allocation created by the Western Fujian Party, preventing rich farmers from monopolizing fertile land. After the Nanyang Conference, in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee, the Fourth Red Army, the Twelfth Red Army in western Fujian, and the Sixth Red Army in southern Jiangxi were reorganized in Tingzhou and established the First Corps of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, with Commander-in-Chief Zhu De, General Political Commissar Mao Zedong, and Director of the Political Department Yang Yuebin. , Chief of Staff Zhu Yunqing.
After the Fourth Red Army entered Fujian for the first time, after one year and three months of hard work, a revolutionary base area with a length of 300 miles and a population of nearly one million was established. The party organization has developed and grown in the struggle and effectively played its core leadership role. The district has established 7 county committees, 51 district committees, 530 township branches, and 18 special branches, with 7,566 party members. At the same time, 6 counties, 62 districts, 577 townships, and 3,298 village Soviet governments were established. There were 187,300 households and 66,800 poor farmers who were allocated land, accounting for more than 80% of the total number of households and total number of people in the region at that time. At this point, the two major revolutionary base areas of southern Jiangxi and western Fujian were connected, and the central revolutionary base area was formally formed.
In February 1932, the Fujian Military Region was established in Shilipu, Changting. Luo Binghui was the commander and Tan Zhenlin was the political commissar. It had three military divisions: Shanghang, Yongding, and Longyan to form the first military division Changting. , Liancheng and Qingliu formed the second military division; Ninghua and Guihua formed the third military division.
In early March 1932, the Second Congress of the Central Committee of the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Soviet Area was held in Tingzhou, and in accordance with the spirit of the instructions of the Soviet Area Central Bureau, the current political situation and the Party Committee of the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Soviet Area were discussed and passed. Resolution" and other important documents, the Fujian Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China (also known as the Fujian Provincial Committee) was re-elected, with Luo Ming as acting secretary.
On March 18, 1932, the Fujian Provincial Committee was elected. A Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers was held in Tingzhou, and a democratic government of workers and peasants of Fujian Province was established. Zhang Dingcheng was elected as the chairman.
Under the leadership of the party and the Soviet government, the people of western Fujian actively participated in the army and actively produced and supported the frontline. , worked hard to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, and organized all human, material and financial resources to support the revolutionary war. The Soviet area's political, economic, cultural, military and other constructions have achieved remarkable results, with the emergence of Caixi Township in Shanghang and Tufang Township in Changting. In terms of joining the army, more than 100,000 people joined the Red Army in the Soviet area of ????Shanghang, Changting Hongfang (Tufang) District, and Huaitu of Ninghua. District and Hekou District have become model districts for the expansion of the Red Army in Fujian Province. Changting Zhongfang Township won the award banner of the Fujian Provincial Military Region for "Fighting to Defend the Soviet Area". In terms of supporting the front line, the people in the Western Fujian Soviet Area supported the front line with great enthusiasm. In addition to organizing the masses to transport military supplies to the Red Army, they also actively donated money, food and military supplies. Women made more than 100,000 pairs of cloth shoes in Shanghang and 200,000 pairs in Changting, as well as donated millet, meat, eggs, and other supplies. Sugar, vegetables, etc. are not counted. In the winter of 1933, in order to summarize the experience in the construction of rural revolutionary base areas, Mao Zedong conducted an in-depth and detailed investigation in Caixi Township for more than 10 days and wrote the glorious work "Caixi Township Investigation", which was summarized nationwide. , Promote the typical experience of Caixi Township
As the Kuomintang reactionaries further implemented white terror, in November 1933, the Kuomintang troops launched a rampant attack on western Fujian and southern Jiangxi, and carried out a frantic "encirclement and suppression" campaign against the central revolutionary base area. . Due to Wang Ming's "Left" wrong leadership, the fifth anti-"encirclement and suppression" campaign failed in October 1934. The main force of the Red Army set out from Changting, Ninghua, Jiangxi and other places. The 25,000-mile Long March
Among the more than 80,000 Central Red Army soldiers who participated in the Long March, there were nearly 30,000 soldiers from Western Fujian. They were almost spread across all branches of the Red Army. The most concentrated ones were:
< p>The Thirty-fourth Division of the Fifth Red Army, with more than 6,000 men, was adapted from the original Eighth, Ninth and Tenth Independent Divisions of Western Fujian. At the end of November 1934, the Central Red Army forcibly crossed the Xiangjiang River and broke through the Kuomintang's fourth blockade. The 34th Red Division was ordered to serve as the rearguard of the entire army. Most of the soldiers were bloody in the Xiangjiang River and died heroically.The 22nd Division of the 9th Red Army, with more than 2,000 people, was composed of the 12th Red Army in Western Fujian. The 35th Division of the Army was reorganized. In the battle at Gaotai west of Gansu, most of them died heroically;
The 3rd Regiment of the 1st Division of the Red Army and the 5th and 6th Regiments of the 2nd Division. The 3rd and 6th Regiments were reorganized from the 34th Division of the 12th Red Army in Western Fujian; the 5th Regiment was reorganized from the 3rd Route Army in Western Fujian into the 12th Division of the 3rd Column of the 4th Red Army, and later merged with the 10th Red Army. The First Division was combined into the Eleventh Division, which was changed to the Fifth Regiment of the Second Division before the Long March. These regiments often served as vanguards in the Long March. In battles such as forcibly crossing the Xiangjiang River, outsmarting Zunyi, flying to seize the Luding Bridge, and breaking through the natural dangers of Lazikou, they were unstoppable; the 15th Division of the Red Army and The 14th Division of the Eighth Red Army Corps each has one regiment, which is composed of soldiers from the former Shao *** International Division and the Workers' Model Division from Western Fujian.
A large number of outstanding sons and daughters from western Fujian participated in the Red Army's Long March: such as Guo Diren, Huang Yaguang, Liu Yalou, Yang Chengwu, Liu Zhong, Luo Shunchu, Yuan Ziqin, Fu Lianxi, Luo Yuanfa, Chen Renqi, Zhang Nansheng, Lu Rencan, Luke, Chen Zhongmei, Zhang Yuanpei, Su Qisheng, Zhang Yunlong, Xiong Kui, Zhang Yibu, Que Zhongyi, Wang Quanzhen, Wang Pingshui, Lai Guangxun, Wang Jixie, Wang Qicai, Wang Xiangxiong, Kong Ruiyun, Weng Xiangchu, Lei Qin, Qiu Ziming, Liu Zhenqiu, Liu Bin , Huang Quexian, Chen Haihan, Zhang Lixiong, Lan Tinghui, Wang Guide, Qiu Guoguang, Liu Luchang, Ding Ganru, He Tingyi, Liu Chang, Ye Qingshan, Huang Weihua, Tu Zesheng, Wu Dai, Tu Tongjin, Lin Jiebiao , Luo Hongbiao, Zhong Chi, Guo Chengzhu, Guo Tingwan, Lin Zhongzhao, Yang Shangwu, Zhang Shuifa, Lin Wei, Liao Buyun, Luo Bin, Lan Wenzhao, Kong Junbiao, Zhang Yonggeng, Zhang Xinhua, Lai Jifa, Dai Jingyuan, Chen Xianduo, Zhang Yuanshou, Lai Zulie , Wu Fulian (female), Huang Qingxi, Que Senhua, Huang Dingji, Liao Henglu, Li Songfu, Zhang Fusheng, Xiao Rongdai, Lin Haiyun, Cao Juru, Tong Xiaopeng, Deng Liujin (female), Jiang Yizhen, Li Zhizhong, Lei Haomao, Dai Zhengqi, Xie Xiaomei (female) )etc. Some of them served as division commanders, regimental commanders or political commissars of the Red Army, leading the troops to defeat the enemy; some worked in staff offices at various levels, planning military aircraft; some were doctors and nurses, saving lives and healing the wounded in war; some worked in local areas, mobilizing people of all ethnic groups along the way. Support the Red Army. They made outstanding achievements during the Long March, and more than 20,000 people from western Fujian sacrificed their precious lives during the Long March.
After the Long March of the main Red Army, the Kuomintang reactionaries came back with a vengeance. Hundreds of thousands of heavy troops carried out a brutal "clearance" of the Soviet area in western Fujian. The people of western Fujian were in a severe guerrilla war environment. In April 1935, a meeting of party, government, and military leaders in western Fujian was held in Chizhai, Yongding, and the policy of "carrying out extensive, flexible, and mass guerrilla warfare" was formulated. The Southwestern Fujian Military and Political Committee was established, with Zhang Dingcheng as chairman, and Deng Zihui as finance minister. Minister and Democratic Movement Department (later served as Vice Chairman), Tan Zhenlin served as Minister of Military Affairs (later served as Vice Chairman), and Guo Yiwei served as Party Secretary. Divide the Southwest Fujian Red Army guerrillas into three combat divisions. The people of western Fujian and the red guerrillas, under the leadership of Zhang Dingcheng, Deng Zihui, Tan Zhenlin and others, persisted in the arduous guerrilla war for many years.
In order to smash the enemy's blockade and encirclement of the Red Army, the people of western Fujian tried every means to support the Red Army guerrillas and protect them. Especially in the most difficult days of 1935, many people in the revolutionary base villages used their wisdom to invent the "chuandan" to carry salt (breaking through the bamboo joints and loading the delivered items into the bamboo tube), and the "double-layer barrel to carry rice dung". "(the upper layer is filled with fertilizer and the lower layer is filled with rice), "packing rice in big cattail bags" and more than 20 clever ways. Crossing the enemy's layers of blockades, risking their lives to deliver rice, medicine, and daily necessities to the red guerrillas. Party members of party branches in Houtian, Lijiashan, Dongkeng and other places in Longyan. The salt, vegetables, sweet potatoes and other materials they saved were used as party dues and handed over to the party's weak departments and transferred to the mountains to the Red Army guerrillas. The masses were willing to sacrifice themselves to protect the Red Army guerrillas. Once, the wounded guerrillas lived in Daiyangji Village in Hulei Mountain District, Yongding County. After the enemy found out, they surrounded the village with only eight households. They gathered the people in the village and asked them to tell where the wounded lived. He replied firmly: "We don't know." The crazy enemies pulled out three young men from the villagers and killed them in public, threatening them with death, but the crowd gritted their teeth and still did not tell them where the wounded lived. Huangtudun Village, Laiyuan Township, Liancheng County, delivered food and medicine to the Red Army guerrillas, and covered the sick and wounded, but the enemy captured 24 people in the village and killed them in Daping. 27 lives (including three pregnant women) were brutally killed. It became a "no man's village". The enemy's cruelty and threats did not intimidate the strong people. The broad masses of the people still risked their lives to proactively send messages to the Red Army guerrillas and cooperate in operations, which gave the Red Army guerrillas a strong backing, strengthened their confidence in defeating the enemy, and even risked their own lives to protect the people.
In January 1938, more than 2,600 members of the Southwest Fujian Red Army guerrillas were reorganized into the second detachment of the New Fourth Army, with commander Zhang Dingcheng, deputy commander Tan Zhenlin, chief of staff Luo Zhongyi, and director of the Political Department Wang Jicheng. This unit went to the front lines of Jiangsu and Anhui to resist Japan on March 1, opened up an anti-Japanese base area centered on Maoshan, and dealt a heavy blow to the Japanese invaders. The Communist Party members and revolutionary people who stayed in western Fujian engaged in a tit-for-tat struggle with the anti-Japanese conspiracy of the Kuomintang die-hards. After the "Southern Anhui Incident" in January 1941, the Kuomintang diehards planned the "Western Fujian Incident" and stepped up their suppression of the revolutionary people in western Fujian. The local party organization of the Communist Party of China in western Fujian led the people to carry out a campaign centered on "protecting land". A series of revolutionary struggles. There are 130,000 farmers in 100 townships who have preserved the fruits of the revolution over 200,000 acres of land. In the winter of 1941, the party organization moved to the mountains to carry out covert activities and carry out the production self-sufficiency movement. In October 1943, the Fujian-Guangdong Border Committee of the Communist Party of China decided to "restore armed self-defense and solve economic difficulties" and successively established the Southwest Fujian Armed Economic Work Corps. In October 1944, the "Wang Tao Detachment" was established, with Liu Yongsheng as the leader. Wu Xianke is the detachment leader, and Chen Zhongping is the acting political commissar and director of the political department. In the winter of the same year, the "Kangrong Detachment" was also established. The revolutionary armed forces in western Fujian carried out "reasonable, beneficial and disciplined anti-stubborn self-defense struggles, smashing multiple armed attacks by the enemy.
In 1946, Chiang Kai-shek launched All-out civil war, the people of the whole country rose up to carry out a great struggle, the Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi Border Committee of the Communist Party of China implemented the "Strive for Peace and Democracy. Implementing the policy of "decentralized development", the guerrilla base areas were abandoned.
The Eastern Guangdong Detachment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was developed with the guerrilla fighters of the Wang Tao Detachment in western Fujian as its backbone. Under the leadership of Commander Liu Yongsheng and Political Commissar Wei Jinshui, relying on the people of the border areas and using the western Fujian, southern Fujian, eastern Guangdong, and Chaoshan areas behind the Kuomintang rule as battlefields, they dealt a heavy blow to the enemy. During the struggle, the army grew to more than 22,000 people. (In addition, nearly 30,000 militiamen were developed).
In June 1947, the Fujian-Guangdong Border Working Committee of the Communist Party of China determined the overall task of "building the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi Border People's Liberation Army and liberated areas", mobilized the masses, carried out extensive guerrilla warfare, and carried out The struggle against the "three levies" (opposing military conscription, grain requisition, and taxation) and rent and interest reductions shattered the "six-pronged offensive" and "cross sweeps" of the Kuomintang army.
On New Year's Day, 1949, the Fujian-Guangdong-Jiangxi Border Column of the Chinese People's Liberation Army was established. Commander Liu Yongsheng, political commissar Wei Jinshui, Tie Jian served as deputy commander and chief of staff, and Zhu Manping served as deputy political commissar. Cooperating with the army going south, the *** defeated more than 30,000 enemies, and successively liberated 30 counties in the Fujian and Guangdong border areas and Shantou City. By early November, the entire territory of western Fujian was liberated.
In the new democratic revolutionary struggle, the people of western Fujian suffered severe damage from the "Three Guangs" policy of the Kuomintang reactionaries. According to incomplete statistics, 539 villages in the region were destroyed and 116,858 houses were burned down. During the period, 90,722 houses collapsed, 37,724 households were exterminated, 26,876 people were arrested, 13,306 people were forced to flee, 18,005 people were killed, 148,074 people died of hunger and disease, 35,864 cattle were robbed, and 155,445 acres of land was laid waste.
After the founding of New China, there were 610 base villages rated as resolutely supporting the revolutionary armed forces in their long-term struggle against the enemy, distributed in 7 counties (cities, districts) and affiliated to 67 townships (towns). , 312 administrative villages, with 25,744 households and 116,939 people. (According to the Provincial Party Committee’s first working meeting on old areas in 1952, the discussion minutes on the issue of dividing old revolutionary base areas and the standards for dividing old revolutionary base areas by the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Civil Affairs in 1979, there are still 553 Jidian villages that should be evaluated but have not been evaluated); there are revolutionary villages There are 7,809 villages, 227,469 households, and 920,169 people in the old district; more than 23,600 martyrs died for the revolution (including 23,182 men and 387 women, 15 at the provincial military level, 53 at the prefectural division level, and 236 at the county and regiment level, who won the " 8 people have the title of “Heroes and Models”). There are 9,003 households with 43,800 martyrs, accounting for about half of the total number of martyrs in the province; 620 disabled revolutionary soldiers; 1,387 military dependents without news; 15,301 "five elders", including 2,402 old underground party members, 235 old traffic officers, There are 3,581 old joint households, 4,860 old guerrillas, and 4,223 district and township cadres in the old Soviet area. Party and state leaders from Fujian include Deng Zihui, Zhang Dingcheng, Chen Pixian, Yang Chengwu, Lu Jiaxi, etc. In the 1950s and 1960s, 68 generals from Western Fujian were awarded the rank of general (including 2 generals, 7 lieutenant generals, and 59 major generals), accounting for 82% of the total 83 generals in the province.
The people of western Fujian made great sacrifices and contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution, and wrote a glorious page in the history of the Chinese revolution with their blood and lives.
In the long-term revolutionary struggle, the people of western Fujian have always firmly believed in the victory of the revolution, pursued persistently, shared the joys and sorrows with their fellow soldiers, and the spirit of daring to fight, dare to create, and dare to win, is reflected in the spirit of socialism It has continued to carry forward the construction of the motherland and achieved brilliant victories one after another.