The story of the Miluo River here has a long history.
There are green algae floating around the river for sacrifice, but the remains of Quyuan's investment in the river have been lost, and even the memorial place can't be found. Only the fishing songs by the river can still be heard.
Since Jia Yi was relegated to Changsha in Han Dynasty and wrote Mourning for the Wrestling, it has become a common technique in poetry to express his frustration with the help of Qu Yuan. Han Yu's poem is unique. Instead of writing about Qu Jia's sufferings, he writes about the feeling that the hero's soul has nowhere to place his grief. Instead of using allusions positively, it sets off the confusion and melancholy in the heart with mysterious and ethereal artistic conception, which more profoundly shows the loneliness and sadness of this world without a confidant.
At the end of Zhenyuan, Han Jianjun was advised. Because of the drought and flood in Guanzhong, he was asked to be exempted from corvee tax and was demoted to Yangshan Order of Lianzhou. The sudden political blow aroused an irresistible tide in the poet's mind, thus forming the abrupt and turbulent momentum of the poem "Xiangzhong": "The ape is worried about the fish, and it has been circulated as Miluo since ancient times." These two sentences are inflected in tone and strange syntax. According to the usual rules, we should first name the Miluo River and then describe the scenery on it. However, although the meaning is fluent, it is easy to become a simple description of the scenery. Nowadays, the poet highlights the river scenery by inverted sentences: the ape cries sadly, the fish leaps, and the waves roll, which is a mysterious and sad atmosphere, reflecting the poet's grief and indignation. The first sentence also uses words such as "ape", "fish" and "brave" alternately to render the poet's excited voice, which is full of rhythm. Therefore, although the poet did not directly express the infinite emotion generated by seeing the Miluo River, he had his own indescribable infinite meaning.
The poet came to the Miluo River to pay tribute to Qu Yuan, but even here, he could not find emotional comfort: there were green apples and green algae floating in the river to offer sacrifices, but the remains of Qu Yuan's investment in the river have disappeared; At the beginning, Jia Yi could throw a book and cry, but today she can't even find a place to pay homage. Only the fishing boat song on the river is still far away. According to legend, Qu Yuan was exiled and placed on the bank of the river, describing himself as haggard. When he met a fisherman, he advised him: "The world is cloudy, why not go with the flow and make waves?" Everyone is drunk, why not give them a drink? "Then he said," Beat the drums and go away. The song says: The surging water is crystal clear, which can support my tassels, and the surging water can support my feet. "Now QuZi died, the fisherman is still there. Today's fishermen are not the fishermen they used to be, but today's poets, like Qu Yuan, have fallen out of favor with saints and hermits, sober and drunk, both in ancient and modern times. Therefore, the melodious singing seems to always mock those people with lofty ideals who are obsessed with reforming politics and refuse to go with the flow. Here coincides with the allusions of "Fisherman" in Chu Ci, and the scene blends without leaving any trace, which constitutes an empty realm. In contrast with the first two sentences, it achieves a high degree of harmony, vividly shows the poet's sense of loss in the face of boundless water and sky, and implicitly expresses the grief and resentment of being dismissed for no reason.
This poem combines the feeling of resentment and sadness with the trend of refusing ups and downs in the ethereal artistic conception and profound verve, and successfully combines the characteristics of novelty-seeking with traditional expression techniques, fully embodying Han Yu's innovative spirit and profound artistic attainments.
Wang Wei, the trip of the old general
When 15-20-year-old teenagers, they can capture the figure of Hu people riding horses on foot.
He beat the Meishan tiger, and he excited the yellow mane horse.
He has fought many battles and fought for three thousand miles. He once fought a million lions with one sword.
The Han army is as sharp as thunder, and the Lu country that tramples on each other is afraid of thistles.
Wei Qing's failure was due to the help of the gods, but Li Guang's failure was due to his fate.
Being abandoned doesn't have to be old, and the world has become the first in the past.
In those days, he was like an arrow shot at a lark by Hou Yi. Now he was born on his left elbow.
As a result, he was demoted to the roadside to sell melons and learned to make pottery to make the door green.
Ancient trees extend all the way to narrow lanes, and isolated mountains extend to cold windows.
Swear in Kashgar, pray for wells in Kashgar, and don't complain about alcohol.
Soldiers lined up like clouds on Helan Mountain, and books in the army were rumors day and night.
The special envoy of Red Festival went to Sanhe for conscription, and the commander-in-chief sent troops to General Five.
The veteran wiped out the armor of steel armor and used a sword with a flashing seven-star pattern.
May the swallows bow at the generals in the sky, and foreign uniforms will never offend the emperor.
Don't be afraid of color, think that the restoration of the governor Yun Guan was worth fighting for.
This poem tells the story of a veteran. He made great contributions to the crusade for the East and the West all his life. As a result, he ended up in a sad situation that "no work" was abandoned and he had to make a living by farming and selling. When the border war broke out again, he volunteered to serve the country regardless of grievances. The work exposes the ignorance and ruthlessness of the rulers' rewards and punishments, and praises the noble moral integrity and patriotic enthusiasm of the veterans.
The whole poem is divided into three paragraphs, with the first ten sentences as the first paragraph, which tells about the wisdom, courage, achievements and unfair experiences of the veteran when he was young. First of all, he had Li Guang's wisdom and courage when he was young. He took down the enemy's war horse on foot and shot the fiercest "white-fronted tiger" in the mountains with a bow. Then he used the story of Cao Cao's second son, Cao Zhang, nicknamed Huang Xuer. He bravely defeated the enemy, but the credit goes to the generals. The poet used these two allusions to describe the wisdom, courage and virtue of veterans. Next, take "single-handedly fighting thousands of miles" as an example to see its hardships: "Red knife can hold a thousand troops", its outstanding merits: "It is as fast as lightning to give China soldiers", and its use of soldiers is as fast as thunder; And "Tatar soldiers died in a trap with fangs and iron" saw its clever deployment of iron thistles and defeated the enemy. But such a rare good soldier has no merit, so the poet uses historical stories to express his feelings. Wei Qing, the consort of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, was invincible and rewarded with meritorious service. It was really "lucky" to be an official to a general; Li Guang, a famous contemporary warrior, was not awarded a title, but was offended and punished. In the end, he committed suicide by cutting his neck because of "several unique skills". The word "lucky" here refers to both luck and the emperor's favor: "odd number" refers to both bad luck and the alienation of the emperor's favor, both of which are puns. The poet borrowed allusions from Li Guang and Wei Qing, implying that the rulers were cronyism, rewarding and punishing lawbreakers, and wrote the grievances of veterans.
The middle ten sentences are the second paragraph, describing the poor life of veterans after being abandoned. Since being abandoned, veterans have been "decadent", years have passed, they are in a bad mood, and even their hair is white. Although he used to be able to shoot birds in Houyi and was blind, he hasn't practiced martial arts for a long time, and it seems that he has a selective tumor on his arm, which is very unfavorable. The ancients often used the homonym "tumor" and "yang" and "six" to celebrate festivals. Here, the poet's reconciliation of "Yang" and "Selection" (sore) is to take care of the flat tone of poetry. The veteran was abandoned and chose his left elbow, but he had to make a living by himself. "He sometimes sells melons in his garden by the roadside." "So Hou" refers to Hou Zhaoping from Dongling, Qinbu, who grows melons in Dongcheng, Chang 'an. It is said here that he not only grows melons, but also sells them by the roadside, which shows that his life is uncertain: "He sometimes grows willows around his secluded place" also means that he is a farmer. There are five willows in front of Tao Yuanming's door, hence the name "Mr. Five Willows". As for the residence, it is a "poor alley" among the "old trees", and the window is more obvious to the "lonely cold mountain". The world is cold and there is no guest to return to. However, the veteran is not depressed and decadent. He still wants to be "but if he prays, water will gush out for his man", just like Geng Gong, a famous star in the later Han Dynasty. After the water source in Shule City of Xiongnu was cut off, they shared joys and sorrows with the soldiers, and finally got the spring water but made contributions to the enemy. It's not like Yingchuan people who watched the restoration before the Han Dynasty. After leaving the army, they let the wine scold him and vent their grievances.
The last ten sentences are the third paragraph, which writes that the border guards have not been destroyed, and veterans always have the patriotic aspiration of volunteering to kill the enemy. First of all, the Helan mountain area in the northwest is gloomy, the war situation is like a cloud, and urgent official documents are constantly introduced into the capital; The second time was the military commander appointed by the emperor, who recruited a large number of young people from Sanhe (Henan, Hanoi and Hedong), and the generals from all walks of life were ordered to divide their forces and attack. Finally, he wrote a veteran, and he couldn't stay any longer. First, he "brushed his iron clothes like snow" and polished his old armor; Then "waving his dagger from its jade handle in a star-studded steel dance" and practicing martial arts. His long-cherished wish is to get Yan's famous bow "Shooting the Heavenly Admiral" ("Heavenly Admiral" as "General"), catch thieves and capture the king, and destroy the invading Qu Kui; And "never let foreign uniforms offend the emperor" and never let foreign invasion pose a threat to the court. At the end, the veteran once again showed his attitude: "There was once an elderly prefect, and the forgotten distance was still worthy of meritorious service in World War I." He borrowed Shang Wei's story to show that as long as the court is willing to appoint veterans, he will be able to make contributions and serve the motherland. Shang Wei used to be the satrap in the cloud and won the morale of the army. Xiongnu dared not violate the border, and was later dismissed for the people. Feng Tang was reinstated after being wronged by him.
This poem is a paragraph of ten sentences, with an organized style and many allusions. It depicts the artistic image of "veteran" from different angles and aspects, which increases the inclusiveness of the work and fully expresses the theme of the work. Shen Deqian's "Tang Poems" said that "this kind of poem was obtained through confrontation". The antithesis in the poem is natural, just like the aura of the whole body, which makes the content expressed by the poet like a rough jade, reaching the artistic realm of well-founded, strange, innovative and lofty words.
Two Li Bai poems complained by Nagato.
The sky belongs to Beidou and hangs on the west building, and there is no firefly in the golden house.
Moonlight wants to reach Nagato Hall, so don't worry about the palace.
In Guidian, the long sorrow does not remember spring, and the golden house has autumn dust.
Hanging in the clear sky at night, people take photos alone in Nagato Palace.
Nagato's Complaint is an ancient Yuefu poem. According to the record of Yuefu Solving Problems, the author of Nagato Complaint was written by Queen Chen. After retiring to Nagato Palace, I felt depressed and sad. ..... Item wrote "Changmen Fu". ..... Later generations "resented" because of their "fu". "Queen Chen, nicknamed Gillian, is the queen of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wu was a child, he said, "I got Gillian as my wife and kept it as a golden house. "Li Bai's two poems are based on this old topic to write imperial secretary's heart. These two poems express the same theme. From a single point of view, the layout of dreams is different, and together, it is wonderful.
The first song, all scenery, no characters. And the feelings in the scene emerge on paper; The people outside the painting are ready to come out.
The first two sentences of the poem, "When the sky belongs to Beidou and hangs on the West Building, there is no firefly in the Golden House", point out that the time is midnight, the season is cool autumn, and the place is empty and cold. In the Tang Dynasty, there were many poems about palace grievances and Nagato grievances, and the artistic conception was often similar. There is a saying in Shen Quanqi's "Nagato Complaint" that "the jade steps smell the fallen leaves, and the sapporo sees the fireflies", and there is a saying in Zhang Xiuzhi's "Nagato Complaint" that "the jade steps are covered with grass and the golden house is covered with dust", all of which use similar scenery to render the environmental atmosphere, but they are not as appealing as Li Bai's two poems. Of the two sentences, the first sentence uses the word "line" and the second sentence uses the word "flow", which gives people an extremely bleak feeling.
The last two sentences of the poem, "The moon desires to go to the long hall, and there is no need to worry in the deep palace", which points out the meaning of the problem and subtly leads to melancholy through the moonlight. Nagato Complaint by Shen Quanqi and Zhang Xiuzhi also wrote moonlight and Nagato Palace. Shen's poems "Bright Moon Pine is Popular, Two Visits to the Imperial Court" and "The Scenery in Nagato is Exhausted, and the Bridal Chamber is Bright in Autumn" are both plain and straightforward, not as wonderful as Li Bai's two poems. Originally, the imperial secretary was worried when he saw the moon, or the moonlight shone on the sad people, but these two poems did not let the characters appear, saying that sadness was "made" by the moonlight, and the pen was ethereal and the idea was strange. The beauty of the previous sentence lies in the word "desire to arrive", which is like the moonlight running freely in the sky and deliberately coming here to worry; If we say "sparkling" or "already here", it becomes common language and becomes dull. The beauty of the latter sentence lies in the word "don't do it", which is thought-provoking. The implication is that in the deep palace, the sorrow is as deep as the sea, and there is moonlight everywhere, but I just "quit" for a while when I went to Nagato Hall. It can also be understood as: the palace is an unequal world, and those who are happy are happy, while those who suffer are bitter. As Pei Jiaotai's "Nagato's Complaint" said, "A moth puts out the fire on the moonlit eyebrows, and the Nangong song manages Gong Bei's worries." The moonlight shines in the happiness of Nangong where the emperor is located, and then in Nagato where the imperial secretary lives. "Don't be sad".
From the perspective of the whole poem, what is presented to the readers is a picture of a deep palace on a moonlit night, with the horizontal slope of bucket handle as the perspective and the fireflies in an empty house as the close-up view. This realm is so gloomy and cold that readers don't have to see the people living in it, but their plight and depression can be imagined.
The second poem focuses on romance. The whole article is based on their own feelings to look at things and write about the scenery, which makes the scenery extremely emotional. The word "sorrow" was written from beginning to end, and the word "sorrow" was revealed at the beginning of this song, indicating that everything written below was seen and felt by sad people.
The first sentence of the poem, "Gui Dian's long sorrow doesn't remember spring", not only reveals the word "sorrow", but also this kind of sorrow is "long sorrow", that is to say, the people in the poem are not worried about the bleak scenery of the current autumn night, but have been worried for many years, even if spring comes to the earth and everything recovers, it can't alleviate this kind of sorrow at all; Because of her sadness, she can't feel spring, or even remember it. The second sentence of the poem, "The golden house hides beautiful autumn dust", is in harmony with the second sentence of the previous poem. Because the Golden House is empty, the "Golden Four Houses" are dusty; Because it is the season of "firefly flow", the following three or four sentences in Autumn Dust "Hanging the clear sky at night and looking at the people in Nagato Palace alone" echo the previous three or four sentences from a distance. Before writing, Moonlight wanted to go to Nagato, but she couldn't. Here, it is said that the moon is high in the sky, it has arrived in Nagato, and the reader finally saw the "people in Nagato Palace" in the moonlight.
This "Nagato Palace Man" has different feelings about seasons, environment and moonlight. Spring comes year after year, saying "I don't remember spring" seems that spring hasn't come for a long time; The dust in the house does not belong to any season, but "autumn dust" gives the dust a bleak sense of season; The bright moon hangs high in the sky, shining on all beings, saying "solitude" is like "the bright moon deliberately suffers" (translated by Tang Ruxun in Tang poetry). These are all "unreasonable wonders" that He Shang said in Wrinkled Water Xuan Ci. From this point of view, sad people have different arms. The whole poem is written in depth.
The last two sentences of these two poems, like the last sentence of Wang Changling's Autumn Hatred in the West Palace, are all from Sima Xiangru's Changmen Fu, which says, "Hang the bright moon and look at yourself, and spend the night in the bridal chamber". However, the hero in Wang's poems hopes to please the king in grief and indignation, and his fate is not satisfactory. However, the flexible use of the language of fu has formed another realm. Although he took complaining as the theme, he failed to grasp the reality of Queen Chen. The poem shows the miserable situation of the vast number of ladies-in-waiting living in the deep palace of hell on earth, revealing the corner of the cold feudal system.