Material 1
The word "natural writing" originated from the rise of western ecological criticism. Grotte Field, an important representative of eco-criticism, once mentioned it in A Reader of Eco-criticism. Lawrence Bull, another important representative of eco-criticism, put forward the concept of "natural writing" in The Future of Environmental Criticism. He said: "Nature writing can be simply defined as' a non-fiction literary writing, which provides a scientific investigation about the world; Explore the experience of individual human observers to the world; Or reflect the political and philosophical implications of the relationship between humans and their planet. Since the beginning of eco-criticism movement, especially in the first wave of eco-criticism, the central interest has been nature writing. "
nature
Buil's "natural writing" here is a literary form of documentary natural investigation and individual experience in terms of man-made "artistic writing", such as Thoreau's Walden Lake. But the real "natural writing" is a kind of writing that contains "environmental orientation". As Buil said in another book, Environmental Imagination: Thoreau, Nature and the Formation of American Culture, the standard elements of this kind of "environmental-oriented works" are as follows: ① The existence of non-human environment is not only a means to frame the background, but actually begins to announce to people that human history must be integrated into natural history; ② In environment-oriented works, human interests are not regarded as the only legitimate interests; ③ Human beings are responsible for the environment, which is an important part of the ethical orientation of the text; ④ In this nature-oriented text, there is a sense that nature is not a constant or hypothetical thing.
This is actually a criticism of the traditional "anthropocentrism" and "art-centrism", equating natural writing with traditional literature and art. It can be seen that "natural writing" is a kind of writing between man and nature and another form of expression of "natural literature". Obviously, this is an abandonment and criticism of the "human center", "art center" and "rational center" of the industrial revolution.
"Natural writing" is a kind of writing that reflects and transcends the industrial revolution in the post-modern period of the West, and it is the product of the mid-20th century, but it is an original cultural form in China. Because, as an ancient agricultural country, China takes agriculture as the leading factor, follows the cultural tradition of "harmony between man and nature" and advocates the cultural position of "symbiosis with nature". Confucianism says that "all things coexist without harming each other", Taoism says that "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me", and Buddhism says that "all beings are equal". This philosophical concept of "* * * life" will inevitably lead to "natural writing" in which man and nature are equal.
Wen Xin Diao Long comprehensively discusses the "natural writing" of China ancient literature. In The Original Road, it is put forward that literature comes from the "natural way": "Words are born from the heart, words are civilized, and the natural way is also." The "nature" mentioned here includes both nature and man's natural and natural expression of nature. The Original Road, the first book of China's classical literary theory "Wen Xin Diao Long", reveals the concept of "natural writing", which is also the core meaning of this book.
(Zeng Fanren's Nature Writing: Man and Nature * * *).
Material 2
Due to the epidemic, it has been closed and isolated almost every day for a long time, and everyone is naked in the face of natural life. Such a realistic situation makes natural poetry and natural literature more and more concerned, which may become a new era of natural poetry and natural literature. Ecological consciousness, environmental protection concept and new lifestyle will gradually become the new normal.
People should live in harmony and equality with animals and plants, gods and nature, and form a whole life that supports and depends on each other. This idea is consistent with the idea of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and is also close to some viewpoints of contemporary ecology. For example, contemporary ecology emphasizes that man and nature are a complete natural ecological cycle system, and every link of each species is very important and has a tacit balance.
Emerson is known as "the father of American civilization", especially advocating natural literature. Whitman and Thoreau were his disciples. Emerson once emphasized that human beings should abide by two maxims, one is to know themselves, and the other is to study nature. Know yourself, is a motto engraved in the ancient Greek temple. Studying nature means that after the development of human civilization to a certain stage, we finally realize that human beings can no longer be arrogant and self-centered. Man is only a part of nature and should treat other species equally and live in harmony with them.
Emerson
I have never doubted a poet who has no natural life experience. For poets, childhood experiences are extremely important. It is the mystery that some seemingly ordinary people eventually become poets to keep their original spiritual seeds or initial heart. In addition, nature is the earliest home of human beings, and it is necessary for human health to be influenced by nature since childhood. The initial experience of living in nature ensures that many poets have a broader and more inclusive mind and an open spirit. There are a lot of flowers and plants in classical poetry, and The Book of Songs is a complete "flower and plant spectrum". Song ci is also particularly anthropomorphic to flowers and plants, and people and flowers complement each other, which shows what a natural and lush harmonious world this is.
Therefore, nature writing, I understand, is to make such a natural concept through literary works, so that people can unconsciously accept it, be edified, produce an ecological consciousness, and then consciously practice the scientific concept of environmental protection in their lives. At this point, poetry has always been the protagonist of literature.
(Nan Jun's Poetry in Nature Writing)
( 1)
The following understanding and analysis of material 1 related content, the correct one is
A the concept of "natural writing" originated from the rise of western eco-criticism. Grotte Field and Lawrence Bull, two important representatives of eco-criticism, believe that "natural writing" refers to "central interest".
B the real "natural writing" is "natural literature", which is an "environment-oriented" writing. The works of "environmental orientation" show that the interests of human beings are not regarded as the only legitimate interests.
C environmental imagination: Thoreau, nature and the formation of American culture directly criticized the traditional "anthropocentrism" and "art-centrism", making natural writing equal to traditional literature and art.
The concept of "natural writing" existed in ancient China, which is a primitive cultural form. Liu Xie put forward the conclusion that literature originated from the "natural way" in the original way of Wen Xin Diao Long.
(2)
According to the content of material 2, one of the following statements is incorrect.
A. People are almost isolated because of the epidemic, and everyone is naked in front of natural life. A new era of paying attention to natural poetry and literature is coming.
B. Natural literature advocates that people live in harmony and equality with animals, plants, gods and nature. Emerson also emphasized the study of nature, reminding people to respect nature and abandon anthropocentrism.
C. The initial experience of living in nature is the mystery that some seemingly ordinary people eventually become poets, which ensures that many poets have a broader, more inclusive mind and an open spirit.
D. Poetry often expresses people's feelings about nature and the interaction between man and nature, and plays a more important role than other styles in cultivating ecological awareness and environmental protection concepts.
(3)
One of the following statements that do not conform to the connotation of "natural writing" advocated by the author is
A. under the east fence of chrysanthemum picking, you can see Nanshan leisurely. (Tao Yuanming's drinking)
B. Xiao He just showed its sharp corner, and the dragonfly had already stood on it. (Yang Wanli's "Little Pool")
C the spring tide is in Lian Haiping, and the bright moon is born on the sea. (Zhang "Moonlit Night on the Spring River")
D. We won't know ourselves until we get lost. (Lake of Val et al. in Thoreau)
(4)
What arguments were used in the first document and what are its characteristics? Please briefly explain.
(5)
Simply sort out the context of the second material.
( 1)
B
(2)
A
(3)
D
(4)
(1) The argument is clear and the structure is rigorous. Firstly, the concept and connotation of "natural writing" are discussed. Then point out the meaning of "natural writing"; Then it discusses that "natural writing" is a unique cultural form in China.
(2) Using demonstration methods such as example demonstration, quotation demonstration and contrast demonstration.
③ Demonstrate that language science is rigorous. Such as using technical terms to enhance the persuasiveness of the article.
(5)
Firstly, it puts forward that people attach importance to natural poetry and literature under the background of epidemic situation, "ecological consciousness, environmental protection concept and new lifestyle have gradually become the new normal";
Secondly, it points out that people should live in harmony and equality with other species and the importance of natural life to poetry creation and human health;
Finally, it is emphasized that natural literature with poetry as the protagonist makes people accept ecological consciousness and practice environmental protection concept.