Xiang Yu ended his unfinished business. ...
For thousands of years, Xiang Yu has died, but his legendary story is still passed down from generation to generation. Numerous literati and poets wrote poems for Xiang Yu. Among them are the representative works of three poets: Du Mu, Wang Anshi and Li Qingzhao. They evaluated Xiang Yu from their respective positions. What are their differences in emphasis? Who is the best?
Du Mu: Title Wujiang Pavilion
In 844, the 42-year-old poet Du Mu was transferred from Huangzhou (now Huanggang City, Hubei Province) to Chizhou (now Chizhou City, Anhui Province). On his way to his post, Du Mu passed the Wujiang Pavilion on the Wujiang River in Anhui Province and County, and stopped to have a rest.
We think that Du Mu must have remembered Xiang Yu 1000 years ago, and he couldn't help writing a poem called "The Pavilion of the Wujiang River": "The victory and defeat were unexpected, but he was ashamed and humiliated. What a man. The children of Jiangdong are brilliant, and it is unknown that they will make a comeback. "
In Du Mu's view, victory or defeat is a common occurrence among military strategists, and no one can predict it. A real man should bear the shame. Jiangdong's children are brilliant and heroic. If Xiang Yu regroups after returning to Jiangdong, he may be able to make a comeback. ...
In the poem, Du Mu criticized Xiang Yu's viewpoints such as "Heaven kills me, it is not a crime of war" and "Heaven kills me, what should I do", pointing out that Xiang Yu lacks the bearing of a general and his mind is not broad enough. He felt sorry for him, and thought that success or failure lies in people, and he should have indomitable fighting spirit when encountering failure.
Obviously, Du Mu's key point is to criticize Xiang Yu's behavior of not surpassing Jiangdong.
Wang Anshi: Wujiang Pavilion with overlapping topics
Time flies, time flies. Blink of an eye, more than 200 years have passed. 1054 Autumn, another poet came to Wujiang Pavilion: Wang Anshi.
Wang Anshi is from Linchuan, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province. 1042, 22-year-old Wang Anshi gave up the opportunity to be an official in the imperial court and took the initiative to hone his grassroots governance ability. From 105 1 to 1054, Wang Anshi served as a judge in Zhou Shu for four years. During this period, his achievements were remarkable, and he was recommended by Prime Minister Wen Yanbo and Deputy Prime Minister Ouyang Xiu to report to Beijing. On his way to Beijing to report on his work, Wang Anshi passed by Wujiang Pavilion and remembered Du Mu's poem Wujiang Pavilion.
Regarding Du Mu's statement, Wang Anshi held a different view, so he wrote a poem entitled "Overlapping Wujiang Pavilion": "The brave have experienced many battles, and the Central Plains is hard to recover. Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback for the king? "
The word "overlapping" in the title is to show readers that I am targeting Du Mu's poems.
Wang Anshi said that Xiang Yu led the troops to fight many battles, and the troops were exhausted and morale was low. Jiangdong does have many children, but who else wants to make a comeback with Xiang Yu?
As we all know, Wang Anshi's poems are well written, and his poems leave the message "When the spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when the bright moon shines on me". His prose creation ranks among the "Eight Great Writers in Tang and Song Dynasties", but he is a politician after all and always thinks from the standpoint of a politician. Therefore, when Du Mu, a poet, called on Xiang Yu to make a comeback, Wang Anshi poured cold water on it: Who wants to come with him?
The focus of Wang Anshi's poems is to analyze the people's feelings in the Chu-Han War and think that Xiang Yu's failure is a historical necessity.
Li Qingzhao: Summer quatrains
1 129, a poetess, Li Qingzhao, was welcomed to Wujiang Pavilion after a long silence.
Li Qingzhao was born in a scholar-bureaucrat family and received a good family education. When I grew up, I married Zhao Mingcheng and lived a comfortable life. However, after 1 127, the Northern Song Dynasty collapsed, Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng fled to the south, and Zhao Mingcheng became the magistrate of Jiankang (now Nanjing).
1 129, there was a rebellion in the city, and Zhao Mingcheng abandoned the city and fled. When they crossed the Wujiang Pavilion by boat, Li Qingzhao was deeply touched and wrote a poem "Summer quatrains": "Life is a hero, and death is also a ghost. I still miss Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. "
In this poem, Li Qingzhao put forward from the beginning: Born as a hero, died as a hero among ghosts. Later, it was pointed out that many people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to cross the river and return to Jiangdong to survive, which was an unusual heroism.
On the surface, Li Qingzhao's poems all praise Xiang Yu. In fact, she is satirizing the present by borrowing the ancient times, satirizing that the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty was southward, did not think about resistance, and did not want to recover lost ground.
Therefore, the focus of Li Qingzhao's poem is different from that of Du Mu and Wang Anshi, and it has reached an unprecedented height in commenting on countless poems of Xiang Yu. Of course, who is the most knowledgeable in their poems can only be a matter of opinion.