Really teach China writers.
2018-06-20 21:17 Open the App.
? The process of writing is essentially a process of transferring a certain social material life into the author's mind and carrying out processing and transformation. But what we basically see is the author's finished art, but we can't see the writer's mind. So the writing process is very mysterious, in fact, there are certain rules to follow.
As a Chinese teacher, we should not only study the works written by writers, but also explore the characteristics and laws of the writer's thinking process of conceiving works. Of course, every writer writes his own works, influenced by the times at that time, as well as his own growth experience and thoughts of understanding the world. But our teachers still need to explore the characteristics of some works and find a rule to guide our students as a reference for students' composition training. Only in this way can we cultivate students' correct outlook on life, values and world view without violating the law of students' cognitive growth, and can we really write excellent works. I want to talk about the creation and brewing of works from three steps in the writing process.
First, accumulate materials.
(1) Life experience
The writer's life experience and his thoughts and feelings based on it are undoubtedly the basis and source of his writing. The depth of a writer's life experience, the richness or scarcity of life experience, to a great extent, is the key to the success of a work. Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, lived in the era of war and disaster for nearly half his life. He wandered around, hungry and cold The cruel reality of "the drunken road in Zhumen starved to death" made him see the darkness and injustice of the society at that time, and the unfortunate experience of the broad masses of the people made him feel sincere and profound sympathy. He has experienced the bitterness and pain of the world, so rich life experience makes it possible for him to write poems of "three officials" and "three parting" that deeply express the people's wishes and accuse the rulers of their evil acts. Of course, this is just an example we gave. But I think life experience should include two aspects.
1, the author's direct life experience
An author can only devote himself to colorful social life and try his best to observe, experience, study and analyze all kinds of life. It is possible to enrich your emotions and thoughts.
For example, Tolstoy's autobiographical trilogy, such as Childhood, Teenager and Youth, is the product of the writer's artistic summary of his youth life. Another example is "Lin Yuan", which is an artistic portrayal of Qu Bo and his comrades-in-arms who went deep into Lin Yuanhe to sit on a mountain carving with Xu and his son, and fought wits and bravely with gangsters, and defeated and annihilated the enemy. This kind of work is often about writing one's own personal experience, personal feelings and experiences. Therefore, it is necessary to guide students to write their own personal experiences and feelings, encourage students to participate in social practice activities as much as possible, and record their own life feelings, so that such articles will be more vivid.
2. Indirect life experience
Indirect life experience, my understanding is to experience other people's life experience, which requires studying life, accumulating some cultural details of the sages, and interpreting them through their own thoughts, thus enriching their own life experience, broadening their reading horizons, and further increasing the cultural thickness of the works. Each of us is not born to know some old stories and spiritual outlook of life, which requires us to accumulate a lot of money to read and understand. For example, Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, has never been to Liangshan, and it is even more impossible to see the peasant uprising in the Song Dynasty with his own eyes. So how did he write the excellent work Water Margin? Write about life and time hundreds of years ago. To write works with historical themes, writers should have rich indirect life experience. He will study hard and study history. According to the historical archives left by predecessors, we should study the life of the protagonist in the times, the situation of geographical mountains and rivers, and some legends of war stories and word of mouth. Only in this way can we accumulate the materials needed to shape the image of the protagonist, thus making up for the observation of life thousands of years ago.
? At present, there are some phenomena in the literary world, that is, some fledgling writers often make a blockbuster when they publish their first novels, but after he becomes famous, some of them are unsustainable. The reason is that his accumulated life experience and materials are exhausted. Some people have to rely on their poor imagination to make up stories, farther and farther away from the truth of life. An excellent writer must live and read for a long time in order to achieve his own works. Mr. Zhao Benfu, a famous writer, is also from Fengxian County. Selling Donkeys is his first novel, which established his position in the literary world. Later, he wrote some works one after another, including the novels Knight and Woman, Chaos World, Lost Water, Black Ant with Blue Eyes, Heaven and Earth and the Moon, as well as novella collections Zhaibao, Out of the Blue River, Cave and Zhao Benfu's Collected Works. His works have been adapted into the movie world without thieves and the TV series Rushing out of the Blue River and Blue and White. Some works have been translated into English, French, Japanese, Russian, Norwegian and other languages and published abroad. 20 16- 12 published the latest novel "the sky fell and the city leaked", which was regarded as his "masterpiece" by critics. This is a China novel with historical depth, civilization evolution, human birthmark, mystery and oriental philosophy connotation. Zhao Benfu's "Days Lost in the City" won the "Wang Zengqi Novel Award".
Later, according to himself, it took almost ten years from conception to writing. I spent most of this decade preparing ideas and really entered the writing stage, 3 1 10,000 words, which took a year and a half. He also said that this kind of weather has a lot to do with the classic works he read, as well as his temperament, pattern and interest. After grinding a sword for ten years, it can be seen that the author has written everything he is familiar with, and he has to constantly draw fresh materials from life and reading.
(2), observation and experience
Only when the author knows the world well and is familiar with human feelings can he have a deeper understanding of his life and use it freely. Only with keen and meticulous observation can a writer discover the unique appearance, eyes, smile, posture, language and movements of a character. And insight into the inner secrets of the characters, as well as the complex changes in thoughts and feelings. Chekhov regards observing everything and paying attention to everything as a writer's bounden duty. An author must cultivate his keen and meticulous observation, which is a necessary condition for him to truly reflect his life. Therefore, our teachers should start with cultivating students' keen observation and guide them to discover the most distinctive and human things in life. Rodin also said that the so-called master is a person who looks at what others have seen with his own eyes and finds beauty in what others are used to. Of course, I think that in terms of observation, in addition to cultivating students' eyesight to observe life, they should also cultivate students' sensitivity to the language in their works. To cultivate students' life vision, it is necessary to cultivate students to have a sentimental heart to touch their feelings. There are many ways to cultivate students' sense of language. For example, ask students to rewrite a sentence with rhetoric, ask students to replace words in the text and evaluate their use. The specific methods can only be operated by our teacher according to the text.
? In addition to observing life carefully, students should also be guided to experience the actions and inner activities that they may and should have in specific situations. This requires students to observe the life they describe and the characters they write, and then show their characteristics concretely and vividly. In fact, the writer's understanding of some people and things is largely inferred from his own experience. Mo Bosang, a French master of short stories, said that doing housework to describe a king, a murderer, a thief or an honest man, there is also a scene where a female teacher is a girl or a businesswoman, but she is actually writing about herself. This requires the author to ponder his emotional will and activities according to his various identities. This kind of observation and experience speculation is perceptual, as if it can have a tacit understanding with all things in nature and deeply understand the taste of nature.
In short, the first step in writing is the process that the author goes deep into life, observes and experiences life, and absorbs life materials extensively.
Second, the conception of the work.
(A) the theme of training
The original materials written by the author are fragmentary and scattered fragments of life. It needs the author to refine, synthesize and summarize.
? The conception of a work is a hard creative activity, and it is the whole brewing process from feeling to thinking, from thinking to discovery, and finally forming a literary image. In the process of conception, the refinement and sublimation of the theme is an important link, and other factors in the whole conception process should change and develop around the refinement and deepening of the theme. The author's conception process is extremely complicated, but many writers' creative experience can sum up regular things. First, the writer is moved by people and things in life, which leads to a strong creative impulse, repeatedly scrutinizing the meaning of life materials, carefully selecting and refining from the most basic, richest and most vivid materials, so as to determine the theme and theme. Second, after a long period of brewing, an intuitive image gradually came alive in the writer's mind, and the general outline of a story gradually formed. This is not a purely technical problem, but the author's world outlook and artistic outlook are closely related to his cognition of life.
(2) Conception mode
Because everyone's habits are different, there are various ways of thinking: some people are used to memorizing, some people think about a paragraph and write it down, and then want to remember it again. Some people write an outline before writing and write stories according to the outline. At present, many people study mind mapping, which is also a method of conception, but it also has some defects. Sometimes some people draw mind maps, which seem to be a headache, let alone write them. I still suggest a simple and clear idea.
? Look at some famous examples: Zola used to write programs first. For example, when he wrote "Wife's Happiness", he said in the program that I would write a poem about the happiness of my present wife. Therefore, in this article, he doesn't want to be pessimistic at all, abandoning the meaningless and sad conclusion of life.
Barenzak doesn't even draft novels, and he doesn't need any books, papers and research materials. Before he started writing, he had integrated everything he wrote into his mind. In the process of his writing, he always writes down, revises and supplements over and over again.
Generally speaking, the outline of writing a work should include the following items: 1, a list of people, including their personality, origin, appearance characteristics and the process of ideological change. 2, the main points of the story, the relationship between the main characters, contradictions and entanglements, emotional opposition, character activity scenes. 3. The distribution of content vividly reveals the theme of the work, the detailed arrangement of materials, the transition and cohesion, the writing order, etc.
The advantage of conception is that in the process of writing, the author will not be too busy to write and ignore it. Clear thinking, so that when writing, you won't miss the wonderful scene touched by thinking.
Third, artistic expression.
? After creating the idea, the author will start writing. At this time, writers need to skillfully use all literary expression techniques and means to shape images and describe stories, and create works by their own hard work. In this process, the author should stand at a height, reveal the essence through phenomena, sharpen his artistic sensibility, be familiar with various rhetorical methods, absorb the artistic experience of predecessors, and strive to achieve the purpose of correctly reflecting life with distinctive expression techniques. However, we should pay attention to a problem. A well-thought-out writing outline can generally complete the characterization, but sometimes people will become puppets if they are forced to return to the framework instead of writing according to the development logic of the characters. Therefore, when writing, we should make partial adjustments. What do characters do? How come? What should or might he say? The author should not be tough, and the characters should do what they shouldn't do and say what they shouldn't say, otherwise it will violate the laws of human nature.
Artistic expression is not only a process of observation, experience and continuous deepening and improvement of ideas, but also a process of testing whether the original ideas are logical and then exploring new ideas.
After the completion of the first draft, in order to improve artistic expression, it has to be considered and revised many times before it can be finalized. Tolstoy's anna karenine was written for five years, among which there were 12 manuscripts of individual chapters, and the writing of Resurrection also lasted for ten years, with 20 manuscripts at the beginning. Tolstoy also said that the view that writing is unnecessary to be revised must be abandoned forever. In fact, the modification and processing of works is the deepening process of the author's understanding.
The three steps in the writing process have their own characteristics and laws. Although we have listed them, they are interrelated, interrelated and interactive. As a Chinese teacher, as long as we guide students to use several steps of writing flexibly, I believe we can write excellent works.