From:
Li Bai's "Sleepwalking as Tianmu chants and leaving farewell"
Full text:
Li Bai - "Sleeping as Tianmu chants and leaving farewell"
Haike talks about Yingzhou, and it is difficult to find letters in the mist.
The Yue people are talking about Tianmu, and the clouds are bright and extinguished or can be seen.
Tianmu stretches the sky towards the sky, pulling out the five mountains to cover Chicheng.
The rooftop is 48,000 feet tall, so it tilts toward the southeast.
I want to dream of Wu and Yue, and fly across the Jinghu Moon in one night.
The moon over the lake shines on my shadow and sends me to Yanxi River.
Xie Gong’s residence is still there today, and the Lu River is rippling and the apes are singing.
Wearing Xie Gong's clogs, we climbed the Qingyun Ladder.
You can see the sea and the sun from half of the wall, and you can hear chickens in the sky.
Thousands of rocks have endless twists and turns, and the path is uncertain, and the lost flowers leaning against the rocks are suddenly dim.
The roaring bears and dragons sing in Yinyan Spring, and the chestnut trees in the deep forest startle the top of the mountain.
The clouds are green as if it is raining, and the water is sluggish with smoke.
Thunderbolts struck, and hills collapsed. The cave sky stone fan opens suddenly.
The vast blue sky has no bottom, and the sun and moon shine on the gold and silver platform.
Ni is the clothes, the wind is the horse, and the kings of clouds come and go one after another.
The tiger, the drum, the harp, the luan, come back to the car, and the immortals are lined up like hemp.
Suddenly, the soul palpitates and the soul moves, and suddenly starts to sigh.
Only when I sleep on my pillow, I lose the ever-present haze.
The same is true for pleasure in the world. Since ancient times, everything has flowed eastwards.
When will you return when you leave? Let me leave the white deer among the green cliffs.
I will ride to visit famous mountains when I have to go. An Neng can destroy his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful.
It makes me unhappy.
This is a poem about dreams and a poem about traveling to immortality. The majestic artistic conception, unpredictable changes, colorful artistic images, and novel expression techniques have always been recited and are regarded as one of Li Bai's masterpieces.
The title of this poem is "Farewell to the Dukes of Donglu", which was written after leaving the Imperial Academy. After three years of Tianbao, Li Bai was given gold and returned by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. This was a great political failure for Li Bai. After leaving Chang'an, he traveled to Liang, Song, Qi, and Lu with Du Fu and Gao Shi, and lived in Donglu's home for a period of time. At this time, Donglu's home was already quite large, so he could spend time at home enjoying himself and cultivating his character. But Li Bai did not do this. He had an unstable soul and had higher and further pursuits, so he left his home in Donglu and embarked on a wandering journey again. This poem was written when he said goodbye to the Dukes of Donglu. Although it has been many years since he came out of Hanlin, the resentment of political setbacks is still simmering in his heart, so he makes such a passionate cry at the end of the poem.
Li Bai spent his whole life wandering among mountains and rivers, loving mountains and rivers, and reaching the state he dreamed of. The sleepwalking described in this poem may not be completely imaginary, but whether it is imaginary or not, sleepwalking is more suitable for transcending reality and making it easier for him to use his imagination and exaggeration talents.
"Haike people talk about Yingzhou, and it is hard to find letters in the misty waves; people in Yue people talk about Tianma, and the clouds are bright and dim, or visible." The poem begins by talking about the overseas fairyland in ancient legends - Yingzhou. , ethereal and cannot be sought; but in reality, Tianmu Mountain disappears and appears in the colorful clouds, which is really better than a fairyland. The use of virtuality to set off reality highlights the scenic beauty of Tianmu, and implicitly contains the poet's yearning for Tianmu Mountain. The writing is full of magic and fascinating.
Tianmu Mountain is close to Yan River. Legend has it that climbers heard the singing of the immortal Tianmu, hence its name. Tianmu Mountain is opposite to Tiantai Mountain, with steep peaks and mountains. Looking up at it, it seems as if it is on the surface of the sky, and it is as dim as falling into a fairyland. It can easily cause visitors to have wild fantasies. The mountains and rivers of eastern Zhejiang are the places that Li Bai has longed for since his youth. When he first came out of Sichuan, he once said, "This trip is not just for the sake of persimmons. I love the famous mountains and go to Shanzhong." He had traveled there more than once before entering the Imperial Academy. Not only was he very passionate about the mountains and rivers here, he was also very familiar with them.
Tien Mu Mountain is known as a unique and beautiful place in Eastern Vietnam. But compared with other lofty mountains, such as my country's five famous mountains - the Five Sacred Mountains, their status in people's minds is still very different. However, Li Bai boasted in his poem that it "overwhelms the Five Mountains and covers Chicheng" and is taller and taller than the Five Mountains. The famous Tiantai Mountain is tilted as if it is bowing at the feet of Tianmu. This Tianmu Mountain is described as towering into the sky, reaching into the sky, majestic and extraordinary. This Tianmu Mountain in the dream should be said to be the phantom of the strange mountains and ridges that Li Bai experienced in his life. It is the exaggerated shadow of the Tianmu Mountain in reality in Li Bai's writings.
What follows is a magnificent and changing scene: Tianmu Mountain is hidden in the bright and dim clouds, which arouses the poet's desire to explore. The poet entered a dream, as if under the clear light of the moonlit night, he flew across the mirror lake. The bright moon reflected his shadow on the Mirror Lake, and then sent him to land at the place where Xie Lingyun once rested. He put on Xie Lingyun's specially made wooden clogs and climbed up the stone path that Xie Gong had climbed - Qing Qu Lai. All I saw was: "Half of the wall you can see the sea and the sun, and you can hear chickens in the sky. Thousands of rocks with unpredictable paths, and the lost flowers leaning against the rocks are suddenly dim. Bears roar and dragons sing in Yinyan Spring, chestnut trees deep in the forest are astonishing at the top of the mountain. The clouds are green and it's like rain, and the water "The sky is full of smoke." After flying over, I wrote about what I saw in the mountains. The stone paths were winding, and the light was dim in the mountains. I saw the sun rising over the sea and the roosters singing. This was originally a scene of dawn, but it was also charming and leaning against the mountain flowers. While the stone was resting for a while, I suddenly felt that dusk was coming, and the change of dusk and dusk was so sudden.
In the twilight, the roar of bears and dragons reverberated throughout the valleys, making the deep forests tremble and the tops of the mountains startled. Not only the living bears and dragons express their emotions with their groans and roars, but even the tops and deep forests can tremble and startle. The smoke, water, and blue clouds are all full of gloom, integrating with the poet's emotions to form a unified atmosphere. In the previous part, Tianmu Mountain was described romantically, which is both high and strange; here again, it is romantically lyrical, both deep and far away. This strange state is already shocking enough, but the poet does not stop there. The poetic state turns from strange to absurd, and the whole poem reaches a climax. In the thrilling deep twilight, in an instant, "the mountains collapsed", and a fairy world "suddenly opened", "the blue sky is vast and bottomless, the sun and the moon shine on the gold and silver platform. The clothes are bright and the wind is bright." Horses and kings of clouds come and descend one after another. "The blessed land of cave heaven appears here. The "Lord of the Clouds" wears a rainbow as his clothes, drives the wind as a horse, the tiger plays the harp, and the luan drives the car. They are all ordered by the poet's pen to rush to the fairy mountain for the grand event. What a grand and lively scene this is. "The immortals are lined up like hemp"! The immortals seemed to be lining up to welcome the poet's arrival. The golden platform, the silver platform and the sun and moon complement each other. The scenery is magnificent and colorful. How shocking and dazzling! The grand gathering in the Fairy Mountain is a reflection of human life. In addition to the impressions of the thousands of valleys and mountains he experienced during his long-term wanderings, the inspiration and influence of ancient legends and Qu Yuan's poems, there are also traces of the three years of Chang'an's palace life. All of these are condensed through the extraordinary imagination of romanticism. Such a brilliant and colorful depiction.
It is worth noting that this poem is about sleepwalking in a wonderland. It is different from other poems about traveling to immortals. It has deep emotions and fierce protests. It is not really based on illusions, but on the ethereal description of the world of immortals. , still focusing on reality. The mind travels to the fairyland in heaven, and the mind feels that "the same is true for pleasure in the world."
The fairyland suddenly disappeared, the dream was shattered, and the poet finally returned to reality in panic. After the dream is shattered, people no longer soar lightly in the dream as they please, but lie heavily on the pillow mat. "In ancient times, everything flows eastwards" contains the poet's frustrations and deep feelings about life. At this moment, the poet feels that the most soothing thing is "Let's put the white deer among the green cliffs and ride to the famous mountains as soon as possible." The fun of wandering around the mountains and rivers is the most satisfying, which is what is said in "Spring Night Banquet from Di Peach Garden Preface": "The ancients held a candle and went out at night, which was a good thing." At first, the poetic meaning seemed to be exhausted at this point, but in the end it was Angrily, he added two sentences: "An Neng is able to bend his eyebrows and bend his waist to serve the powerful, which makes me unhappy!" He vented the depression of Chang'an for three years. The pen that flew from the sky illuminates the theme of the whole poem: the yearning for the famous mountains and fairyland is born out of the struggle against the powerful. It sings the voice of many people who have never seen their talents in feudal society. In the hierarchical feudal society, how many people succumb to the powerful and how many are buried in obscurity! The Tang Dynasty was more enlightened than other dynasties and paid more attention to talents, but this was only in comparison. Talents at that time still couldn't get rid of the humiliating status of "the state of being a concubine". The word "bending one's waist" came from Tao Yuanming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Because he was unwilling to endure humiliation, he wrote the word "go back". Although Li Bai was favored by the emperor, he was just a Ci minister. Some information about the humiliation he suffered in the court can probably be obtained from these two lines of poems. The feudal monarch called himself the "Son of Heaven", ruled the world, and elevated himself to the supreme position, but he obliterated the dignity of all people. The decisive attitude expressed by Li Bai here is a glance of contempt for the feudal rulers. In feudal society, there were not many people who dared to think and say this. Li Bai said it and did it. This is what makes him extraordinary and great.
The content of this poem is rich, tortuous, bizarre, and changeable, and its images are brilliant, fluid, and colorful, which constitute the romantic and gorgeous sentiment of the whole poem. Its subjective intention was originally to promote the rather negative thought of "everything has flowed eastwards since ancient times", but its style is high-spirited and unrestrained, with an unyielding spirit flowing through it without any depression. feeling.