The appreciation of artistic skills generally includes three aspects: the evaluation of expressive techniques, the appreciation of artistic techniques and the appreciation of rhetorical techniques.
First, the expression of evaluation
The forms of expression are narration, description, lyricism and discussion. The so-called evaluation of expression means the ability to distinguish which expressions are used in poetry and their functions.
1, narrative. Explain and introduce the characters and events in the works, such as "Prepare chicken rice for me, so you entertain me on your farm" (Meng Haoran's Crossing the Ancient Village) and "Bow in the corner of the wind and the general hunts the acropolis" (Wang Wei's Hunting). "Gou Jian, the king of Yue, destroyed Wu Gui, and the soldiers returned home dressed in gold" (Li Bai's Visit to Vietnam)
2. description. Give a concrete and vivid description of people, things, environment and other forms and characteristics in vivid language. Let readers see their people, such as hearing their voices and seeing their affairs, such as their surroundings. For example, "There is moonlight in the pine forest and crystal stone in the stream" (Wang Wei's "Mountain Living in Autumn Evening"), "Three mountains and a half fall outside the blue sky, and a water egret island" (Li Bai's "On boarding Nanjing to Phoenix Terrace").
3. Lyric. Express subjective feelings and self-feelings in the works, such as "I would like to put down my sword to cut Loulan" (Xia Sai Qu by Li Bai), "We met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " (Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip) and so on.
4. discuss it. Explain the views and attitudes directly in the works, such as "Life is a hero, and death is a ghost hero" (Li Qingzhao's "Summer quatrains"), "There are many talented people in Jiangdong, and it is unknown to make a comeback" (Tu Mu's "Title Wujiang Pavilion").
These four expressions are not completely separated in specific applications, but often fused together. We need to pay attention to this point, for example, "But before he conquered, he was dead, and the hero cried on their coats from now on" (Du Fu's Book of Letters), which combines four expressions: narration, description, lyricism and discussion.
Second, the appreciation of artistic techniques.
1, the artistic technique of description: from the perspective of description, there are positive description and side description; From the description of pen, there are meticulous and line drawing; From the content of description, there are scenery description and character description.
2. Artistic techniques of lyric: There are two main ways of lyric: direct lyric and indirect lyric. Most ancient poems express their feelings with the help of scenery. As the saying goes, "All scenery words are sentimental words", and there are usually four relationships between scenery and emotion: appreciating Syaraku's feelings; Write sad feelings with sad scenes; Happy to write mourning; Mourn the situation in Syaraku.
3, foil technique: involving positive contrast and negative contrast.
4. Contrast technique.
5, Fu Bixing technique.
6. Use allusions.
7. Virtual writing and real writing.
8. Symbolism.
(See Appendix for details. )
Third, appreciation of rhetorical devices.
The rhetorical devices commonly used in ancient poetry include metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, metonymy, antithesis, rhetorical questions and puns. When appreciating poetry, we should be able to distinguish these rhetorical devices and analyze their artistic effects.
(See Appendix for details. )
Attachment: Examples of artistic and rhetorical techniques.
1, Bixing technique: Fu Bixing is a summary of the poetic expression technique in China's earliest poetry collection The Book of Songs. Later poems inherited the expressive techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing. Fu describes the scenery in detail and expresses the author's attitude. For example, "Cut sandalwood down and put it in the river" in the Book of Songs describes a group of logging slaves who cut ebony for slave owners to make cars. In the arduous labor, they think that slave owners get something for nothing and can't restrain their inner anger. Comparison is to compare one thing with another. The Book of Songs, Shuoshu, compared the slave owner to a mouse, using the method of comparison. Xing means "say something else first to arouse the words they recite" For example, the book of songs, cutting tan. This leads to the following statement. "Xing" and "Bi" are often used in a poem. For example, "Peacock flies southeast and wanders five miles" at the beginning of "Peacock flies southeast" is both "Xing" and "Bi".
2, direct and indirect lyricism: express your feelings directly, that is, express your feelings directly, also called express your feelings directly. By describing, describing or discussing something or a problem, we express our feelings implicitly, that is, indirectly. China's classical poetry pursues implication, so it is often indirect lyricism, in order to achieve a blend of scenes. "All scenes have feelings", and scene blending is a common method in classical poetry. Whether there is artistic conception is also a sign to judge whether classical poetry is excellent or not. For example, Zhang Kejiu's "[Double Tone] Qing Jiangyin Autumn": The west wind came to Wan Li and asked me before the return date that geese were singing in the red leaves, people were drunk in the yellow flowers, and the banana rain rang in Qiu Meng. The poet firmly grasped the meaning of the topic and dyed it into a bleak picture with westerly winds, wild geese, red leaves, yellow flowers, plantains and rain. Because of "Banana Rain", I was worried about fame and fortune, tossing and turning. Every sentence is about scenery, and every sentence is lyrical, with a high degree of unity between emotion and scenery.
Author: Chen Menzhe seal 2006-7- 19 20:39 Reply to this remark and delete it.
-
2 Appreciate the artistic skills of poetry
3. Symbolism: Symbolism is a rhetorical way to express some spiritual quality or abstract things by means of the connection between things. Symbolism is a way of expressing one's aspirations and wishes with the help of specific external things. For example, Yu Qian's poem of lime: "If you dig a mountain with a thousand hammers, if you burn it with fire, you will be idle." If you break it, you are not guilty. " This is a song. This is not only a recitation of the external characteristics of the sung thing, but also a high summary of its charm and character. The value of this poem lies in its self-description with lime everywhere, expressing the desire to be loyal to the country and not afraid of sacrifice and the determination to stick to noble sentiments. Lime symbolizes the poet's open mind and noble and innocent personality.
4, virtual writing and real writing: virtual writing, not writing the real scene in front of you, but writing the imaginary scene. When literary and artistic works are written in complex situations, the combination of reality and fiction is often adopted, which makes the structure of the works more compact, the image more vivid and the capacity more abundant. For example, Wang Changling's "Join the Army" says: "The clouds in Qinghai are long and the snow-capped mountains are dark, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan. If you don't break the loulan, the yellow sand will never be returned. To the north of the lake, there is a faint snow-capped mountain stretching for thousands of miles; Crossing the snow-capped mountains, it is an isolated city, standing in the desert of Hexi Corridor. Further west, it is Yumenguan, a military fortress far away from the lonely city. Imagine how such a vast scene is displayed without imaginary words. This kind of environmental description has played a very good role in setting off the lofty aspirations of border guards. The actual writing is self-evident, so I won't analyze it.
5. Frontal description and profile description: For example, the description of Qin Luofu in Shang Mo Sang written by Han Yuefu: the bun on the head and the bright moon beads on the ears. Qi Qi is the lower skirt, and Zi Qi is the upper skirt. When Monkey saw Luo Fu, the boy saw Luo Fu, so he took off his hat. The tiller forgets to plow, and the hoe forgets to hoe. It is to set off the nobility and beauty of the characters. As for how beautiful Luo Fu is, it's hard to describe. So the author writes, not directly about Luo Fu itself, but about the people around him who are attracted by Luo Fu. Through profile description, it leaves unlimited imagination space for people. She is as beautiful as you think.
6. Allusions: Stories or words in ancient books are often quoted in classical poetry, which is called allusions. The use of allusions enriches the content of poetry. For example, 1996, a yuanqu selected from the poetry appreciation of the college entrance examination, Aruwei's [Double Tone] Laurel Victory and Ode to History: Ask who is the hero in the world, who is drinking and having fun by the river, and who is crossing Cao Gong. A tributary of the Yangtze River. The main technique used in this poem is "allusion". For poems that use allusions, we need to understand the meaning of poetry. The most typical one is Xin Qiji's Ode to Yule, Jingkou and Gubei Pavilion, which successfully uses five allusions.
7. Set-off: the artistic technique of highlighting something by using similar or opposite conditions between things. Using similar conditions of things to set off another thing is called positive setting off; Using the opposite condition of one thing to set off another thing is called contrast. For example, "cicadas make the forest quieter, and the palace mountain quieter", "birds are startled when the moon rises, and the spring streams are singing", and "the trees are shaded everywhere, and it is noon, and the dream is a warbler", all of which are dynamic contrasts.
8. Contrast: put two opposing things or two different aspects of the same thing together and compare them with each other. Highlight the contradiction of opposing things with contrast, reveal the essence and give people profound enlightenment; Or make the two opposing aspects of things set off against each other and complement each other, giving people a deep impression. For example, Gao Shi's Ge Yanxing: "Half of our men at the front line are dead, but the other half are still alive, and there are beautiful girls dancing and singing for them in the camp." Compared with the general's indulgence on the battlefield, it is vivid and enlightening. Another example is "there are no idle fields in the four seas, and farmers still starve to death" (Li Shen's "Peasants' Compassion"), "there are no idle fields in the four seas" and "still starve to death"
9. Ask questions: pretend to ask questions without any doubt, and then answer them yourself; Or pretend to doubt, don't answer, and let the readers think for themselves. For example, Du Fu's "Shuxiang": "In the depths of the pine forest next to Silk City, the spring grass is dyed, and the birds are singing under the leaves. Where is the famous temple?" The first sentence is caused by asking. Where is the ancestral temple? Just a few miles away, from a distance, you can see the cypress forest, lush and extraordinary weather-that is Zhuge Wuhou.
10, metaphor: Comparing things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things and things have similar associations. However, it has an extraordinary appeal to those who are determined to serve their country. Hook is a kind of machete, which is associated with the weapon image from a bright moon, and also implies the desire to participate in the battle. Comparing one thing with another is based on the need of conception, so our understanding of metaphor must also take into account the theme of poetry.
Author: Chen Menzhe seal 2006-7- 19 20:39 Reply to this remark and delete it.
-
4 Reply: Appreciate the artistic skills of poetry
1 1, analogy: the rhetorical way of writing thing A as thing B, including personification and imitation. It personifies things, enlivens inanimate things, concretizes abstract things, inspires people to associate, and makes people feel lively and interesting. At the same time, it can also express rich thoughts and feelings, such as making the lovely more lively and lovely and making the hateful more hateful. An umbrella with a low face and a deep navy blue "(Yang Wanli's" Twilight Tour of the Lotus Pond "), through the anthropomorphic description of the lotus in the pond, writes the shy and tender modality of the lotus, which is fresh and lively, full of scenes and interesting. "I'm afraid the ship can't carry much worry" (Li Qingzhao's "Wulingchun"), the author regards intangible.
12, metonymy; Do not directly say the original name of the person or thing to be said, but borrow the name of the person or thing closely related to the person or thing instead. Through metonymy, we can highlight the characteristics of the object, arouse readers' association and impress them deeply. For example, Li He's "South Garden": Why don't men invite you to Lingyan Pavilion in fifty states of Guanshan for a while? If the literati "Wu Gou" is a kind of bend produced by the ancient Wu Dynasty.
13. Duality: Duality, also known as duality, refers to the symmetrical arrangement of two sentences or phrases with equal or roughly equal words, the same or similar structure and related meanings. Duality can make the meaning expressed more fully and clearly; It makes the melody appear cadence, clear rhythm and harmonious. Structurally, duality can be divided into strict pair and wide pair. Strict matching requires that the upper and lower sentences have the same number of words, the same structure, the same part of speech and the same level, and words cannot be used repeatedly, such as "However, China holds our friendship, and heaven is still our neighbor", "Leaves fall like the waves of a waterfall, and I always watch the long river roll forward". The former is five or six sentences in the five-character rhyme, and the latter is seven sentences. Four sentences and the third sentence (five or six sentences) must be antithetical sentences. These two cases fully meet the requirements of strict matching, with neat form, harmonious rhythm, cadence and catchiness. The metrical poems in China's classical poems pay attention to the balance of words and sentences, so they are more rigorous. The lenient requirements are not so strict. Generosity is not used in metrical poems, but in prose and parallel prose. The meanings of the upper and lower sentences are the same, similar or complementary. For example, "two orioles sing green willows, and a row of egrets go up to the sky." The window contains the autumn snow in Xiling, at the entrance of the boating in Wan Li, Wu Dong. " The two antitheses complement each other and describe the scenery of the thatched cottage observed from the interior. Objection, the meaning of the upper and lower sentences is opposite or relative. For example, "Mayhson snow is white, and the snow will lose a section of plum fragrance." Conditions and other relationships), such as "But you broadened your horizons by going up a flight of stairs for 300 miles", "Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south, and then go north-to my own town!" . The former is a hypothetical relationship connection, and the latter is an inheritance relationship.
14, exaggeration: deliberately exaggerating or narrowing a certain feature or character of the performance object to enhance the expressive force of the text. Exaggeration can strongly express the author's emotional attitude towards the person or thing he wants to express, or praise or derogate, or affirm or deny, thus causing strong * * * voices from readers. It can also arouse people's association and imagination, which is conducive to revealing the essence of things. For example, preschool children will recite Li Bai's Looking at Lushan Waterfall.
15, inhibition: Say the negative side and the positive side at the same time, and only emphasize one side to achieve the purpose of inhibiting one side and promoting the other. According to the form, inhibition can be divided into two types: first inhibition and then promotion. For example, in Li Shangyin's "Jia Sheng: The Propaganda Room Asks for the Sage to Visit the Minister", Jia Sheng's tone is even more incoherent. It seems to enthusiastically praise Wendy's thirst for sages, open-minded attitude and admiration for Jia Sheng. But after reading the last two sentences, I suddenly realized that the original intention of earnestly seeking wisdom, humbly seeking advice and even "sitting in the middle of the night" is not to seek the way of governing the country and reassuring the people, but to "ask ghosts and gods"! What exactly is this pursuit of sages, and what does it mean to sages? Irony, meanness, deep feelings and no inhibition can not achieve this effect.
First, the classification of poetic images.
Image is the most basic and key element in poetry. Poetic imagery refers to the tangible objects or pictures that poets use to express their thoughts and feelings. It can be people, flowers, grass, insects, fish and other things. The college entrance examination mainly examines the recognition of image, the perception of its symbolic meaning, the grasp of its characteristics and the understanding of its social value.
Understanding and analyzing the images in poetry is the key to poetry appreciation. There are three kinds of images in poetry: ① The image of the hero in poetry. For example, The Book of Songs depicts the image of a pair of young lovers. Young men are passionate, simple and honest, while young women are beautiful and lively. Zhang Su, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, created an image of a leisurely fisherman who didn't have to go home in the drizzle. Through the description of the beautiful scenery of the mountain village, we also get a glimpse of the poet's recluse image. ③ Scenery and objects (images) described in the poem, such as lakes and mountains, rural Sang Ma, lonely city desert, etc. , are images in the poem. For example, Du Mu's "Walking in the Mountains" describes the scenery in the mountains, including mountain roads, people's homes, white clouds, red leaves and other scenery, which all constitute images, and
Author: Chen Menzhe seal 2006-7- 19 20:40 reply to this remark and delete it.
-
5 Reply: Appreciate the artistic skills of poetry
Specifically, the common images in ancient poems are as follows:
(1) bold and free and easy image.
Li Bai's "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!"! , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " (Into the Wine) shows his thoughts of being indifferent to wealth and despising sages, and also reflects Li Bai's arrogant and unruly character.
The shirt was wet with tears, showing concern for the country and the people.
Du Fu's poem, "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and all the poor people in the world are happy ... My hut is only frozen to death" ("The Hut is Blown by the Autumn Wind"), the poet can't just stay in personal sorrow, but also push himself and others.
Author: Chen Menzhe Seal 2006-7- 19 20:4 1 Reply to this statement and delete it.
-
Appreciate the artistic skills of poetry.
Specifically, the common images in ancient poems are as follows:
(1) bold and free and easy image.
Li Bai's "Since God has given talents, let them find jobs!"! , spin a thousand silver, all come back! " (Into the Wine) shows his thoughts of being indifferent to wealth and despising sages, and also reflects Li Bai's arrogant and unruly character.
The shirt was wet with tears, showing concern for the country and the people.
In Du Fu's poem, "There are thousands of spacious buildings in Qian Qian, and all the poor people in the world are happy ..... My hut is only frozen to death" ("The Hut was blown by the autumn wind"), the poet can't just stay in personal sorrow, but also push himself and others, which shows his spirit of caring for the country and the people. Bai Juyi's "But who among them cries the most? , this Jiujiang officer. My blue sleeves are wet "(Sapaxing), and the words" weeping "and" wet "greatly broaden the artistic conception of the poem.
(3) Retire from the countryside and love the images of mountains and rivers.
Tao Yuanming's "Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely seeing Nanshan ... there is truth in it, forgetting what to argue about" ("Drinking") describes the leisurely seclusion life and illustrates the poet's thought of being poor and happy; Wang Wei's "Prepare chicken and rice for me, old friend, you entertain me at your farm ... I'll come back at chrysanthemum time when I live in the mountain" ("Passing by the Old People's Village") describes the life scene of mountain village scenery and friends gathering, just like the idyllic scenery, which makes people linger.
④ The image of loving people and talents.
Gong Zizhen's "I urge God to shake hands again and drop talents in an unconventional way" (Ji Hai's miscellaneous poems), the desire for talents between the lines is not obvious.
⑤ The image of loving children.
Li Shangyin's "I have known her for a long time, and we have been apart for a long time, and the flowers are blooming in the east wind, the silkworms are dying, and the candles are burning at night" ("Untitled") describes the infinite sadness of parting with the loved ones in late spring and the lingering love of acacia after parting, and expresses the praise of faithful love.
Second, how to appreciate the image of poetry
Step 1: Feel the objective life picture.
Understand the nature of objects: crows symbolize desolation, willows are related to farewell, and floating clouds symbolize wanderers. Grasp the poet's emotional theme from the essence of things.
Mobilize your senses such as sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch, connect with life experience, expand association and imagination, and feel the essence of life pictures.
(3) Analyze what techniques are used to describe the scenery, whether it is direct or indirect, bold and simple painting, meticulous and meticulous, paving the way or setting off.
Step 2: Experience the feeling.
Understand whether the emotional tone expressed by the author is "joy" or "sadness", whether it is positive or negative, whether the style is high or low, and whether it is good or bad for things.
② What feelings are specifically expressed and why.
(3) What lyrical way is adopted.
Step 3: Experience the infectious effect of image on readers.
Is relaxed and happy, is relaxed and happy, is thrilling, is generous and sad, is a multiplication of courage.
First, combine the poems learned to understand the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet.
Poetry, whether describing scenery or narrating, reciting things or remembering the past, will contain certain thoughts and feelings of the poet, and the perception of poetry content is the focus of poetry appreciation. The thoughts and feelings expressed in ancient poetry are very extensive, involving the following aspects:
1, worrying about the country and the people.
War and the pain of separation: Du Fu's hope of spring.
Sympathize with the sufferings of the people: Du Fu's Cottage Broken by Autumn Wind.
Reflect the darkness of society and expose the decay of rulers: Du Fu "The wine and meat in Zhumen stink, and the road has frozen bones."
Expressing concern for the future and destiny of the country and the nation: Lin Sheng Lin 'an Mansion Title: "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou Bianzhou."
Expressing the pain of national ruin: Lu You's Shizi and Wen Tianxiang's Crossing the Zero Ocean.
Exposing the ruler's excessive conquest and belligerence over arms: Du Fu's "Military Vehicle Shop".
2. Make meritorious service to the country
The determination to defend our country and our country, and the lofty sentiments of making contributions: "Yellow sand wears golden armor in many battles, and it will not be returned unless it breaks Loulan" (Wang Changling's Joining the Army), and Lu You's Book Wrath.
The resentment of relegation and exile, the frustration of official career: Bai Juyi's Pipa Travel, Su Shi's When is the Bright Moon?
Loneliness and lack of talent, resentment and no way to serve the country: Xin Qiji's Nostalgia at Gubei Pavilion in Jingkou.
Feeling of Time Passing and Sighing of Hard-to-Be-rewarded Ambition —— Sushi's Mink Head Red Cliff Nostalgia
3. People who are homesick.
The melancholy of wandering around the world: Meng Haoran's "Sleeping in Jiande" and Wen's "Walking Up the Mountain on Jujube".
Loneliness of missing relatives and friends: On Wang Wei's Mountain Living Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers and Su Shi's Ten Years of Life and Death.
Nostalgia of conscription in border areas: the pride of Fan Zhongyan's fisherman: the scenery of Qiu Lai.
Wang Changling's Forever in My Heart, Ouyang Xiu's Walking in the Sandpit and Waiting for Plum Ginseng, and Li Bai's Yuefu (hanging the capital for a long time, washing the mallets).
Feelings of parting: Yulinling by Liu Yong, Weicheng Qu by Wang Wei, and A Gift to Wang Lun by Li Bai.
Affectionate encouragement: Wang Bo's Send Du Shaofu to Ren Shuchuan.
4, super dust and free from vulgarity
Leisure of landscape and seclusion of countryside: Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains by Wang Wei, Passing the Old People's Village by Meng Haoran.
Tao Qian's return to the garden: the sinister aversion to officialdom and the ease of seclusion.
5. Miscellaneous feelings of life
The vicissitudes of the past are better than the present, but the feelings of current affairs change: Yangzhou Slow by Jiang Kui and Wuyi Lane by Liu Yuxi.
Author: Chen Menzhe Seal 2006-7- 19 20:4 1 Reply to this statement and delete it.
-
Appreciate the artistic skills of poetry.
The sadness of fleeting youth and the anxiety of time and tide wait for no man: like a dream, the rain dispersed last night by Li Qingzhao.
Comfort the Joy of Life: Du Fu's Delighting in Rain on a Spring Night and the Banks of the Yellow River Recovered by the Imperial Army.
Second, understand the different contents expressed by ancient poems with different themes.
To evaluate the ideological content of ancient poetry, it is necessary to classify the themes of ancient poetry, because different themes determine the different ideological content expressed by ancient poetry. Ancient poems can be divided into pastoral poems, frontier poems, nostalgic poems, farewell poems, homecoming poems and so on.
1, landscape pastoral poetry (landscape poetry)
Poems with the theme of praising leisurely and quiet rural life and describing beautiful and fresh natural scenery. The main feature of this kind of poems is that "all scenery words are sentimental words", that is, the author's landscape and natural scenery are integrated into the author's subjective feelings, or they express their feelings through scenery or blend scenes. The main representatives are Xie Lingyun, Tao Yuanming, Meng Haoran, Wang Wei, Fan Chengda and Yang Wanli.
Appreciating pastoral poetry, pay attention to the following aspects:
① Grasping poetic images, such as Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip, I'm seeing Fujian off, Night on Xunyang River, Maple Leaf and Juncus Rustling in Autumn Wind, Maple Leaf, Flowers and Autumn, etc. Through the unique attributes of these three images, not only the scenery and seasons are pointed out, but also the environmental atmosphere and the poet's sad mood when seeing off are rendered.
(2) Appreciate the artistic conception of poetic scene blending. Describing scenery and expressing emotion is a major feature of China's classical poems, especially his pastoral poems. Once the natural scenery is absorbed by the poet, it takes on the poet's emotional color. The methods of scene blending include scene blending, borrowing scenery to express emotion, being there, and so on. "An old friend resigned from the West Yellow Crane Tower, and the fireworks went down to Yangzhou in March. Lonely sails are far away, but the Yangtze River is flowing in the sky.
(3) Understand the feelings expressed by the poet's scenery writing. Generally speaking, it is easy to grasp the feelings between the lines when writing landscape poems, but some landscape poems that are purely about scenery on the surface are not so easy to understand. This requires us to have a certain understanding of the author's life experience and background at that time, that is, to know people and discuss the world, so as to accurately understand the feelings expressed by the poet's scenery writing. This involves a question of emotional sustenance, and we should carefully judge feelings when analyzing poems.
(4) Analyze the writing skills of poetry. There are many ways to write landscapes in pastoral poems. When appreciating them, we should mainly pay attention to the common methods and skills of writing landscapes. First, pay attention to the author's position of observing the scene and the angle of describing the scene, such as the change of height, height, inclination and elevation. Third, master and analyze the author's methods of describing scenery, such as drawing shapes, sounds and colors. Finally, understand and explain the techniques of describing scenery, such as the combination of reality and reality. Calm down by moving ("the birds are surprised when the moon rises, and the spring flows"); Contrast between light and shade ("all the wild clouds are black, and the river boat is only bright"); See the big from the small ("the window contains Xiling snow, at the gate of Wu Dong Wan Li boating"); Sketch is combined with detail description (There are no birds in the mountains, and there are no footprints in a thousand paths) and "A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in Leng Jiang-snow"; The application of bi xing technique.
2. Lyrics about things
The characteristic of chanting poems is to express one's will. The ancients liked to recite things. Everything in nature, from mountains and rivers to flowers, birds, insects and fish, can be described and expressed by poets. Because of the author's experience, hobbies and even the perspective of observing things, he often has different feelings and expresses different feelings about the same thing. Three poets in the Tang Dynasty wrote poems about cicadas. Li Shangyin, whose official career is depressed, laments the plight of the "grumbler" who "has no desire but sings all night"; Yu Shinan, who is in a high position, expresses the lofty ambition of "noble people". All of them have grasped the characteristics of cicada singing loudly, but all of them have mixed in their own different feelings and expressed their unique feelings. Of course, not all poems about objects contain the author's definite sustenance, but whether there is sustenance or not, a good poem about objects always has its vivid image and strong aesthetic feeling.
3. Poems of Frontier Battle
In the Tang Dynasty, a group of poets were very good at describing frontier life, and formed the so-called "frontier poetry school", which became a wonderful work of this great poetic country in the Tang Dynasty. Of course, the frontier poems we refer to are more extensive, and all poems that express military life belong to this category.
To appreciate frontier fortress poems, we should understand the background of poetry creation, that is, grasp the characteristics of the times. Frontier poems are the product of the times, which can best reflect the rise and fall of national luck. Therefore, if we can understand the author's era, it will be of great help to understand the content of the work and the author's feelings. In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, even the arduous war was magnificent. Even if it is far away, it is lively and lively; Even if you die bravely, you have no regrets. "Never laugh when you are drunk in the battlefield" (William Wang), "Yellow sand wears golden armor for hundreds of battles, and never returns it without breaking Loulan" (Wang Changling) ... brave and indomitable. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, the national situation began to decline. Although the poet still maintains a high-spirited tone, it is inevitably mixed with a lot of sadness. You are still a dream girl "(Chen Tao). By the Song Dynasty, the country was already at a disadvantage in the national struggle, and suffered from external humiliation and national disaster, but the rulers were weak and incompetent. The feelings revealed in frontier fortress poems are more reflected in the resentment of serving the country and the hopeless grief of returning home, such as Lu You's "self-denial in the frontier fortress, the temples in the mirror have faded first" and Fan Zhongyan's.
Author: Chen Menzhe Seal 2006-7- 19 20:4 1 Reply to this statement and delete it.
-
Appreciate the artistic skills of poetry.
4. Nostalgic poems
China has a long history of thousands of years, with beautiful scenery and romantic figures. Although history is like waves, countless predecessors have dominated the historical stage and left many brilliant achievements, which is admirable. How many lessons have been left, which makes people sigh. Therefore, there have been works of recalling the past with historical stories and deeds of the ancients as the theme, and outstanding historians such as Liu Yuxi and Du Mu have appeared. Most poems are concise and select images, blending the feelings of nature, society and history, or lamenting the rise and fall of dynasties, or lamenting the sudden change of years, or satirizing the debauchery and shame of rulers. Du Mu's famous poems include Bo Qinhuai, Guo Huaqing Palace and Tiaojiang Pavilion. To appreciate the poems about history, we must try to figure out the author's intention to write this history. There must be realistic reasons for later writers to think of the dusty past, or the media must have caused feelings. Xin Qiji boarded Gubei Pavilion at Jingkou. Historically, both Sun Quan and Emperor Wu insisted on taking Jingkou as a stronghold to fight against the northern enemy.
The most important thing is that when we appreciate ancient poetry, we should carefully scrutinize the author's attitude and the thoughts and feelings to be expressed. Poets may reflect the same historical theme from different angles because of different artistic skills and different views on history and life. There are three situations in which poets meditate on history: the first is to think about history calmly and rationally. Poets themselves are not involved, such as Du Mu and Wang Anshi, who both wrote pavilions on the Wujiang River. However, Wang Anshi realized that Xiang Yu's failure was a historical necessity. "The sons and daughters of Jiangdong are willing to make a comeback for this king." In the second case, historical facts are linked with reality, or personal experiences are lamented, or social reality is attacked. This is the case with Su Shi's Nostalgia for Red Cliff and Xin Qiji's Nostalgia for Jingkou Gubei Pavilion. In the third case, we only grasp some historical shadows and deliberately use topics, such as