Details:
Excavation of hongqitang project
Source of information: CPPCC Jiashan
In the early and middle 1950s, water conservancy construction in Jiashan County mainly focused on dredging and developing rivers, leveling land and reforming farmland drainage system, which played a good role in the development of agricultural production.
The northern part of Jiashan County is low-lying. During the flood, the floods in the west, south and north converge here. The old water system in this area is tortuous, with small outlet, low flow and slow drainage, which often suffers from waterlogging and serious losses. 1954, the flooded farmland in Jiashan county is 400,000 mu, 1957, and the flooded farmland is 300,000 mu. In addition, Jiangsu Province has also opened a 40-meter-wide Maxitang directly flowing into the territory in the upper reaches of Jiashan County, and plans to open a 200-meter-wide Taipu River in the northern part of Jiashan County, and build dams and dikes along a large area to block the main northbound drainage channel in Jiashan County.
How to reduce the flood threat from the upstream and strive for the export initiative has become an urgent problem to be studied. In order to ensure the development of agricultural production in Jiashan County, improve the river system, and turn the flood disaster into water conservancy, Jiaxing County Committee (Jiashan County was merged into Jiaxing County at that time) decided to open a new red flag pond at Wangluhejing Port to Tangjia Village of Xitang Commune 1958, which will lead to the Huangpu River, so that the flood discharge in the area will be smooth. In this way, not only the 600,000 mu of waterlogged farmland in Jiaxing County has been harvested, but also in the western part of the drought year,
At that time, Jiaxing organization sent engineers and technicians from the Water Conservancy Bureau to study the excavation of Hongqitang Project. After obtaining the oral consent of the water conservancy departments of Qingpu and Songjiang counties in Jiangsu Province and the consent of the Zhejiang Provincial Water Resources Department, the county water conservancy departments drafted the design task book and reported it to the Provincial Water Resources Department, and then it was approved as a private subsidy project. The project is planned to start from Luhejing Port in Jingjing, Wangjiang, pass through Nanhui, Tianning, Yao Gan and Xitang Commune (Tianning, Yao Gan and Xitang Commune, now Tianning, Hongxi, Yao Gan, Xitang and Yaozhuang in Jiashan County, the same below), and enter Huangpu River in the east to Dazhengtang in Tangjia Village, Zhengdian Commune, Qingpu County, Jiangsu Province, with a total length of 27 kilometers and a width of 90-90.
1958 12 16, Jiaxing county Committee issued the "emergency instruction on immediately carrying out the work of harnessing hongqitang project", proposing to complete the first phase of the project this year (referring to the winter of that year to the spring of the following year), and decided to set up the water conservancy department of hongqitang project in Jiaxing county, with 7 party members, Lany as political commissar and Lin Zhong as teacher. The headquarters consists of the Political Department (Lin Zhongxian as the director and Shen Xitong as the deputy director), the Staff Office (Pu Siyi as the director and Tu Yousheng as the deputy director), the Logistics Office (Director Jiang Risheng and Deputy Director Yang), the Cultural and Health Office (Director Yu Peirui and Deputy Director Chen Dahuan), the Security Office (Director Ren Songshan) and the Office (Director Zhao Yongyao and Deputy Director Sun Xixian). At the same time, a water conservancy group was established in the commune, and a temporary party branch was established, with 5 members, 1 deputy secretary of the commune as the political commissar of the group, and 2 cadres as deputy heads, namely, political commissar of Xitang Water Conservancy Group, political commissar of Yao Gan Water Conservancy Group Chu Zhengyang, political commissar of Water Conservancy Group Chen Jinshui, political commissar of Tao Zhuang Water Conservancy Group Cao Hongshui and political commissar of Tianning Water Conservancy Group Li. Battalion, company and platoon are set up below the regimental level.
On 2 1 of that month, Jiaxing prefectural party Committee issued the Notice on Jiaxing County Committee's "Immediately Carrying out the Project of Harnessing Hongqi Pond", saying that Jiaxing County Committee's "Emergency Instruction on Immediately Carrying out the Project of Harnessing Hongqi Pond" was very good, and it is now forwarded to you for your reference. It is pointed out that Jiaxing County seized the favorable opportunity to mobilize the labor force to build a large-scale backbone water conservancy project, which is good, comprehensive and determined, especially the strict organization and leadership of the construction site, which is worth learning throughout the country.
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1958 65438+On February 27th, the first phase of Hongqitang Project was officially started. The project started in Yinjiagang of Nanhui Commune, passed through Tianning and Yao Gan, and ended in Xitang Commune and Heshangtang. Length 15km, width 100m, bottom width 60m, depth 4.2m and section 360m2. In Jiaxing County, there are 35,000 communes (Nanhui, Yao Gan, Tianning, Shuangqiao, Tang Hui, Wangdian, Nanhu, Tang Wei, Huimin, Tao Zhuang, Qiao Feng, Xitang, Jianshe, Yuxin, Cao Zhuang, Xinfeng and Xincheng) in addition to Dongzha Commune (a pilot project of high-standard channelization). Hongqitang Water Control Headquarters is located in Cuinan Village, Xitang Commune. 17 Commune Water Conservancy Group has set up the engineering construction technology department, equipped with 3-4 section chiefs and technicians. 17 Water Conservancy Group * * compiled 10 1 battalion, each equipped with 2 full-time builders. After 150 days' fighting, the earth excavation task of the first phase of the project was completed on May 26th 1959, and the earth excavation was 519.89 million cubic meters.
In engineering construction, in order to improve work efficiency, reduce labor intensity and solve the problem of labor shortage, a mass technological innovation movement was launched. The total station track 1, 264,85 meters, * * * created and imitated 53 new tools (35 made on site), popularized and used 8042 pieces (including 227 tin cars and 200 cable transport vehicles), and various dredging tools * *1,200 pieces, which were used by 50% of migrant workers. At the beginning of technological innovation, in the case of lack of funds, raw materials and poor technology, the Party Committee of the Division insisted on relying on the masses and put forward the call of "five contributions", which set off a mass upsurge of "everyone gives ideas and materials" and solved the difficulties of insufficient funds and raw materials with "contribution", "digging", "generation" and "saving". According to incomplete statistics, 620 cubic meters of wood, bamboo 144 156, iron 1 19 kg, hemp 55 19 kg, 7,000 yuan (donated by the masses), and some of them also donated door panels.
At the beginning of the project construction, because there was no quota, the production was booming, and the masses were dissatisfied with the tasks to be completed every day, with low work efficiency, less attendance, great waste and heavy workload. According to this situation, the headquarters has made great efforts to strengthen labor organization and quota management, rationally arrange the labor force, implement "seven quotas" and "five guarantees", and assign responsibilities to classes and quotas to people, which are determined respectively according to labor intensity and tools used by men and women. Facts have proved that implementing quota management is an effective way to improve work efficiency.
In the process of construction, adhere to the policy of "a hundred-year plan, quality first". At the beginning of the construction, 68 peasant technicians were organized to set up a survey team, and it took four and a half days to complete the survey of 53 miles; Each regiment has a technical department, and a technical team is set up in the camp, so as to draw the soil pile line, open the central ditch, borrow soil in layers, reduce the groundwater level, and start work when the rain stops, which improves the work efficiency. At the same time, the logistics department actively completes the supply of on-site production materials and living materials, so as to achieve layer-by-layer connection, linking up and down, and ensuring supply. During the whole construction period of the first phase project, nails 18000 kg, bamboo 16000, 85 cubic meters of wood, 3000 pairs of shoulder poles and 3000 kg of hemp were supplied, and supply and marketing personnel 150 people went to the countryside for delivery, with a business volume of 2.5 million yuan.
Red flag competitions of "ten to one" and "three to one" were held on the construction site, which stimulated the labor enthusiasm of migrant workers and accelerated the construction progress. Cadres at all levels in the construction site adhere to the spirit of hard struggle of "three members, four experts and five cadres" and implement decentralized participation in labor step by step. There are 4 working groups under the headquarters, and 38 cadres are decentralized to strengthen the leadership of the regiment. * * * There are 42 political commissar heads and deputy heads, and 385 camp instructors and battalion commanders. 1 15 Cadres at all levels are decentralized step by step to strengthen the grassroots and lead while working. Catch the advanced tree pacesetter, evaluate the whole station three times, check it twice and summarize it four times. Through summary and appraisal, a large number of advanced units and individuals have emerged. There are 163 advanced units at the command level and165,438+024 advanced figures, including 89 heroes for water control, 8,224 at regimental level and 9,706 at battalion level.
In order to enliven the lives of migrant workers on the construction site and stimulate their enthusiasm, the headquarters organized an art troupe to perform a condolence performance (from the troupe 14 people), write a battle report and broadcast it by cable. There are ***40 cultural and artistic teams with 344 people. The propaganda tools of the whole site include blackboard newspaper 165, door newspaper 254, glory stage 107, local radio station 98, encouraging board 1 194, and various colorful flags 5 179. At the Spring Festival and celebration meeting, migrant workers performed lanterns, lotus flowers, storytelling, dragon and lion dances and held garden parties themselves, which set off a literary climax at the construction site. The masses created 10449 poems, 782 cartoons and 120 scripts, which fully reflected the talents and enthusiasm of the masses. There are 442 canteens, laundry group 176 people, 47 hairdressers, 765 public toilets and 376 cleaners in the construction site. There are health departments and departments, 27 doctors, 26 nurses and 79 health workers on the construction site, and a powerful public security organization with 576 people has been established on the construction site.
At that time, due to the Great Leap Forward, people's lives were already very difficult, and even phenomena such as "hunger, illness, flight and famine" appeared. However, in order to catch up with the progress of the project, the relevant departments ignored people's lives, resulting in casualties of construction personnel. During the construction period of this project, there were 3 deaths 10 (septicemia, typhoid 1 person, meningitis 1 person, acute lobar pneumonia 1 person, appendicitis 1 person, and 3 deaths from other diseases) and 3 major industrial accidents occurred.
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After the completion of the first phase of Hongqitang Project, Jiaxing County Committee instructed the Party Committee of Hongqitang Project Headquarters to quickly complete the second phase of the project in a few months from 1959 winter to 1960 spring, so as to make water conservancy work better serve agriculture, better adapt to the development of agricultural production and ensure the county's grain production increase 1960.
1959165438+1On October 25th, the Party Committee of Hongqitang Project Headquarters formulated the Management Work Plan for the Second Phase of Hongqitang Water Control Project (Draft) and reported it to the county party committee. This work plan puts forward the earthwork excavation task of the second phase project and the establishment of the professional branch of Hongqitang Water Control Project. The party committee of the division is composed of seven people, including Zhang and Pu Siyi, the teacher. It strengthens the technical leadership of construction, labor organization and management, and establishes the responsibility system.
Jiaxing County Committee issued a document 1959+ 165438 on1October 26th, and agreed and approved the report of this work plan. The document of the county party Committee pointed out that in order to run the second phase of the project well, in addition to the requirements mentioned in the plan, the party Committee of the Greek commune immediately determined the leadership, which was generally based on the original team of last year; Arrange the labor force and report to the construction site before 12 and 10; Mobilize your mind and arrange your life. Greek industry, commerce, communications and other departments around this plan, close cooperation and strong support, to ensure the smooth completion of this project.
According to the overall deployment of Jiaxing County Committee, the second phase of Hongqitang Project started at 1959 12 13, and was constructed in two stages. The first section is from Xitang Commune and Shangtang to Lishe Village of Yao Gan Commune, with a length of 5,259 meters, a width of 1 10 meters, a bottom width of 7 1.2 meters and a depth of 4.8 meters. The other section is from Yinjiagang to Shenshidang of Nanhui Commune, which is 650 meters long, 90 meters wide, 55.7 meters wide at the bottom and 4.3 meters deep. There are 158 communes (Nanhui, Xincheng, Shuangqiao, Wangdian, Jianshe, Qiao Feng, Yuxin, Cao Zhuang, Xinfeng, Dongzha, Tang Hui, Tang Wei, Huimin, Xitang, Tao Zhuang, Tianning and Yao Gan) in Jiaxing County. 17 commune has a regimental headquarters, which consists of three departments, namely, politics, logistics and engineering, and 67 battalions below regimental level. By February 6th 1960,10.4 million cubic meters of earthwork had been completed, but the progress of the project was very uneven. The five fastest communities have completed 70% of the total tasks, while the slow communities have only completed 30% of the total tasks. To this end, Jiaxing County Committee issued the Notice on Strengthening Leadership to Complete the Hongqitang Project from beginning to end on February 7 1960, requiring all communes to strengthen leadership, continue to innovate tools, and arrange the lives of migrant workers from beginning to end to ensure that the project is completed on time. Through the efforts of all cadres and migrant workers, the second phase of the project was completed on June 5 1960, and the earthwork was 237.42 million cubic meters.
In this way, the earthwork excavation of 20.909 km from Shenshidang of Nanhui Commune to Hongqitang of Lishe Village of Yao Gan Commune started on February 27th 1958, and was completed on June 5th 1960, with a river width of 90-10 m. Jiaxing county 18 communes have successively participated in the construction, with a total of 55.27 million man-days, 7573 cubic meters of earth and stone, and an investment of 53160,000 yuan, including 30.47 million yuan of state subsidy (2.8 million yuan for policy treatment), 3,204 mu of excavation and 5,566 mu of earthwork. An eastbound main channel located in the low-lying area of northern Baikal was thus formed.
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The excavation of Hongqitang was hastily started without sufficient demonstration and consultation with Shanghai, which led to the failure to fully play its role after the completion of the project. Before the end of the second phase of the Hongqitang project, Qingpu and Songjiang counties, which originally belonged to Jiangsu Province, were included in Shanghai. Shanghai is not allowed to demolish the construction dam downstream of the second phase project, on the grounds that the overall scheme of Taihu Lake basin management is inconclusive, and Shanghai is located downstream of Hongqitang, and the flood control pressure in Shanghai will increase after the opening of Hongqitang. As a result, Hongqitang left an earth dam at the junction of Jiashan County and Qingpu County in Shanghai, which made Hongqitang only temporarily use Niuqiao River and Dabiao River on the south side of its earth dam for flood discharge, which affected the engineering performance, failed to meet the design requirements and prolonged the eastward discharge time. In addition, the supporting buildings along the river failed to keep up at that time, which affected the life and production of people on both sides of the strait. The bank slope of the river was washed and collapsed, and the riverbed was partially silted.
In this regard, Jiashan County has been asking the higher authorities to open earth dams and build supporting buildings in time for many years. The Ministry of Water Resources, the Yangtze River Basin Planning Office and the Taihu Lake Basin Administration have also visited Jiashan many times, but the overall plan for the treatment of Taihu Lake Basin has not been decided because of the inconsistent plans of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai. During this period, with the attention and concern of the Provincial Water Resources Department, three river-crossing bridges were approved in order to facilitate traffic, production and life along the river. Hongqitang Bridge in Yaozhuang Township was completed 1985, and Hongqitang Bridge in Tianning and Hongxi was completed 1987 and 1989 respectively, which partially solved the problems of people along the river.
After 199 1 year, there was continuous rainfall in Taihu Lake Basin. In June 1 1-20, the average rainfall in Taihu Lake Basin is over 300mm; On June 30th, the second rainfall occurred in Taihu Lake Basin. By July 3rd, the average rainfall in the whole basin was 140mm. On July 3, the water level of Taihu Lake has risen to 4.32 meters, which is 0.82 meters higher than the warning water level. Because the comprehensive management plan of Taihu Lake basin has not been implemented and there is no way out for floods, it is urgent to reduce the water level of Taihu Lake quickly. Facing the grim situation, the National Flood Control Headquarters took decisive measures to do a good job in mass work in Shanghai, opened the Hongqitang Dam and opened the flood discharge channel from Hongqitang to Huangpu River. On July 5, the People's Armed Forces Department of Qingpu County organized officers and soldiers and migrant workers, and the Jiashan County People's Government organized forces to jointly blow up the dam. At 9 o'clock in the morning, the earth dam on Hongqitang, with a length of 11m and a top width of1m, exploded in a huge explosion, which blocked the river course for 32 years and began to discharge water.
1991September, a conference on Taihu Lake governance was held in the State Council, which opened an unprecedented climax of water conservancy construction for Taihu Lake governance. Hongqi pond is listed as one of the top ten key projects in Taitai governance. In June of the same year, the planning scheme was approved by the State Planning Commission in document JYJ [1999]161,and the preliminary design of the Hongqitang project was approved by the Ministry of Water Resources in the same year in document JYJ [1999] 373. The total length of Hongqitang is 26 kilometers (including 20.9 kilometers in Zhejiang). The construction scope of Hongqitang Project includes Nongxin Port in the upstream, Eel and Carp Port in the downstream, Dazheng Port and Yuanxiejing. The construction contents in Jiashan include: 9.94 km of river dredging, 4 km of bank protection and flood control wall, 6 river-crossing bridges (including 3-class highway bridges 1 and 5 tractor-ploughed bridges), 2 sluices with 6 m aperture, drainage compensation works in border polder areas, and reinforcement and reconstruction works of flood control gates along the river. Jiashan County established the "Jiashan County Hongqi Tang Project Headquarters", which is under the leadership of Jiaxing Hongqi Tang Headquarters and has an office responsible for the specific implementation of these projects. The project involves six towns of Tianning, Hongxi, Yao Gan, Xitang, Yaozhuang and Dingzha, with an investment of 206 million yuan. The project started in June 2000 and was basically completed in June 2004 and June 2003. The construction of Hongqitang project has been basically completed, and gradually transferred from the construction period to the management stage.