Chaitoufeng·Lu You
Red hands, yellow wine, the city is full of spring scenery and willows on the palace walls. The east wind is evil, happiness is thin, and melancholy makes me leave for a few years. Wrong, wrong, wrong!
Spring is as old as ever, people are thin and empty, and the tears are red and raw. The peach blossoms have fallen, and the leisure pool and pavilion are still there. Although the mountain alliance is still there, the brocade
book is difficult to hold. Mo, mo, mo!
Lu You's poem "The Hairpin Phoenix" is a masterpiece that "will last through the ages". It describes a touching love tragedy. According to "Remaining Poems of the Past Dynasties", Lu You married his cousin Tang Wan when he was young and had a deep relationship with her. But because Lu's mother didn't like Tang Wan, she forced them to marry separately. One day ten years later, Lu You met Tang Wan unexpectedly during a spring outing in Shen Garden. Lu You felt "sad for a long time about this situation, so he wrote the poem "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix" on the wall of the garden." This is the origin of this poem.
It is said that after Tang Wan saw the poem "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix", he was filled with emotion and wrote a poem with the poem "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix: Poor World Love". Soon, Tang Wan died of sorrow and resentment. Another forty years later, when Lu You was over 70 years old, he still missed Tang Wan, revisited Shen Garden, and composed two poems "Shen Garden".
The tone of the lyrics of "Chai Tou Feng" is adapted from "Xie Fang Ci" written by an unknown person in the Five Dynasties. Because there is a sentence in "Xie Fang Ci" that "Everything is like a dream, how could it ever be a dream? The pitiful solitary person is like a hairpin-headed phoenix", so it was named "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix". Lu You's use of the nickname "hairpin-headed phoenix" has two meanings: one is that after his divorce from the Tang family, he was "poor and lonely like a hairpin-headed phoenix"; the other is that the past events before the divorce were "all like a dream." Passed away just as quickly, unable to grow old together. Because this word is the original meaning of the chant, the meaning of the word must first be explained.
The general theory is: Lu You first married the daughter of his uncle Tang Hong, and the couple fell in love with each other after the marriage. However, Lu You's mother did not like her niece, so Lu You had to divorce Tang due to her mother's fate. After the divorce, Tang remarried Zhao Shicheng, the eldest son of the same county. During a spring outing, Lu You met Tang and his later husband, Shi Cheng, in Shen Garden near Yuji Temple in the south of Shaoxing City. Tang got the consent of her husband and sent people to bring him wine and food to express his gratitude. Lu You was touched by the past and wrote this poem on the wall of Shen Yuan. The above plot comes from Song Zhoumi's "Qi Dong Ye Yu", but there are some inaccuracies in it. Gai Tang Hong was the son of Honglu Shaoqing Tang Yi. Lu You had six uncles, but there was no Tang Hong among them (for details, please see Appendix 2 of my book "An Explanation of the Semantics of Selected Poems of the Song Dynasty" "Questions on Some Questions about Lu You's "Chaitou Feng""" quoted from Song Wanggui's "Huayang Collection" Volume 37 "Tang Zhisu Gongjie's Epitaph"). Lu You and his ex-wife Tang are naturally not cousins. However, according to the records of various scholars in the Song Dynasty, it is believed that Lu You and his ex-wife Tang met in Shenyuan during a spring outing and wrote this poem after the meeting.
This poem is divided into two parts. The upper part is in a man's tone. Naturally, Lu You is recalling the differences between the past and the past; the joy of the past is like a strong east wind that sweeps away the flowers on the branches. For several years after the separation, I felt desolate and full of melancholy. But now that this hatred has been cast, the fact is irreversible. The tone of the poem was changed to a woman's tone, which is of course a description of Tang's tearful confession of lovesickness after farewell: the scenery in front of her remains the same, but the personnel and affairs have changed. Because I miss you, I am so thin and haggard that I shed tears all day long. Let the flowers bloom and fall, and I have no intention of returning to the victory of Chi Pavilion. The vows made at that time were all in vain. Although I wanted to write a letter of understanding, I had no choice but to hesitate due to the situation of remarrying. The tone of the words is so realistic and the emotions are so sincere and euphemistic that they are nothing like imagination. If there is no life prototype as a basis, it will not be so real and touching based on fiction alone. What has been discussed above is the overall impression of this poem. In order to confirm this impression, further analysis can be done starting from the language image.
"Red crisp hands, yellow wine, the city is full of spring scenery and willows on the palace walls." These three sentences recall the present and recall the past, and the emotions expressed are extremely rich and complex. "Hongsu" means it is delicate and rosy. Li Qingzhao's poem "Jade House Spring" (Red Plum): "The red crisp is willing to break the buds into pieces, and see if the southern branches are in full bloom?" The word "red crisp" is used to describe the color of the red plum buds, which is an intoxicating word. Son. Lu You used "red crisp" to describe skin color, which contains the meaning of love and compassion. Why does the poet only write about his hands as red as red cakes? This is because hands best express a woman’s demeanor. For example, "Nineteen Ancient Poems" "washes slender hands"; Su Shi's "Congratulations to the Bridegroom" "hands make a raw silk and white fan, and the fan hand looks like jade for a moment" are all examples of using hands to show the figure's posture and appearance. But in this poem, the poet not only uses the description of his opponent to highlight the elegance of Tang's appearance, but also links it to the next sentence "Huangdi wine", which hints at Tang's attentiveness of offering wine to persuade. This situation suddenly aroused the poet's endless emotions and memories: Shen Garden and Yuji Temple were once places where this loving couple visited together. Once upon a time, the lovers were separated, and the beloved wife was easily married to someone else. The spring scenery in the city remains the same, but the human affairs are completely different. Although "Willows on the Palace Wall" describes the actual scene in front of you, it also implies that it is elusive and difficult to approach. "The east wind is evil and happiness is thin" is a metaphor for the spring breeze blowing down the flowers, which means that good times do not last forever and happiness is hard to come back. Many people interpret the word "evil" in "Dongfeng evil" as vicious evil, which is wrong. Due to a misunderstanding of the meaning of the word "evil", this sentence was further extended, and it was believed that "Dongfeng evil" was Lu You's insinuation that his mother was too cruel and broke up his son's happy marriage. This is even more nonsense. In order to correct the misunderstanding of this sentence, I have to make a little argument here. The word "evil" in the language of the Song and Yuan Dynasties was originally a neutral "very word" that expressed the degree of things. It has the same meaning as too, very, extremely, and deeply, and does not contain derogatory connotations. For example, Kang Yu and his poem "Recalling Qin'e": "Spring is lonely, and the east wind is bad on the ancient road of Chang'an.
"It means that spring has gone, but the spring breeze on the ancient road of Chang'an is still blowing hard. Zhou Bangyan's "Ruihexian" poem: "Sighing in the West Garden, the flowers are already deep and there is no place, what is the east wind and evil?" It means that the flowers in the West Garden are falling. It's already floating all over the ground, so why is the east wind blowing so hard? Yuan Hu only sang from "Happy Three Times to the Emperor": "The willow silk dances on the waist, making it look like the east wind is blowing." This describes the willows in the spring breeze. Dancing in the wind, it seems that the east wind is very strong; if Liu Si is the waist of Xiaoman (Bai Juyi has a concubine named Xiaoman, who is good at dancing), she must feel very sleepy. From this, we know that the "evil east wind" is not an allusion to Lu You's mother. Whether the first poem has an objective anti-feudal social significance is another matter. It should not be confused with the interpretation of the poem in this article, otherwise it will misinterpret the original meaning of the work and falsely accuse the ancients. Now that the differentiation is clear, then "One." "Feeling sad" The following three sentences naturally follow the emotional clue that good times do not last forever and joy is hard to come back. They are Lu You confiding to his ex-wife Tang the sorrow and loneliness of the past few years. The last sentence ends with "wrong, wrong, wrong" Three words, one word and one tear. But once the mistake has been made, it will not help even if you blame yourself.
The next word has another meaning. It uses a representative style to directly imitate Tang's tone, crying out the pain of longing for lovesickness all day long after farewell: "Spring is as old as before, people are empty and thin, and the tears are red and wet through the gauze. "Because these three sentences are imitating Tang's tone, they are still written from the past when we enjoyed the spring scenery together. There is no sense of repetition at all. Instead, it makes people feel more sad and sorrowful, such as hearing the sound of crying, seeing the tearful eyes, and the characters' voices and faces, just like In the title, the sentence "Spring is as old as before" corresponds to the previous sentence "The city is full of spring scenery". It not only describes the spring scenery in front of us, but also recalls the joy of the past, but it is already "things are different and people are different". ", it is "I miss you so much that I feel haggard", the word "empty" expresses the feeling of lovesickness that only evokes Naihe. Although I know that lovesickness is useless and weight loss is useless, my love cannot be with me. "Tear marks "The red crocodile silk shows through" is a true portrayal of the person who has been crying all day long for several years. "The peach blossoms have fallen, the idle pond pavilion, although the mountain alliance is there, it is difficult to hold the brocade book." "These four sentences describe the infinite resentment after remarriage: letting the flowers bloom and fall, the garden is quiet, but there is no intention to watch it. Yu Pingbo's "Selected Interpretations of Tang and Song Poems" believes: "'Xianchi Pavilion' refers to the recent traces of Shen Garden. "Although it can be understood, it is better to interpret it as Zhao's garden, which is the original meaning of the more recent word. Judging from the scenery written in the front line "The city is full of spring scenery" and the back line "Spring is as old", they are not late spring scenes. Therefore, it is said that " "Referring to the recent traces of Shen Garden" is inconsistent with the previous article. According to Chen Hu's "Qijiu Reading", Zhao Shicheng's "family has the beauty of the garden". It can be seen that these two sentences refer to the Tang family who cannot forget her ex-husband after remarrying. Although the Zhao family has a garden and pavilion, they have never visited it due to depression and unhappiness. "Although the alliance is there, it is difficult to trust the brocade book." "Using the brocade palindrome poem of Su Hui of the former Qin Dynasty as a gift to her husband, it tells the whole story of what she has been thinking about all day long after remarrying, and complements the meaning of the previous two sentences. The concluding sentence "Mo, Mo, Mo" is a repetitive sentence, lingering in the deep throat, and the liver and intestines are full of desire. This is a sigh of despair and helplessness, and it is also the last farewell to comfort her ex-husband and complain about his fate. It is said that Tang died of depression shortly after meeting her ex-husband in Shenyuan.
Predecessors commented on Lu You. The poem "The Hairpin's Phoenix" says that "every word is natural". The so-called "natural" refers to the natural expression without any pretense. Lu You himself said: "The writing is made by nature, and it comes by accident." "It is precisely because the poet personally experienced this eternal sadness that he wrote this eternal song. This bitter past has become a hidden pain in Lu You's life. Until his later years, he would come to Shen Yuan Xuanran many times to pay homage to this close friend in the world. , wrote the poems "Shen Yuan"
Attachment: "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix. The world is thin" Tang Wan
The world is thin and human beings are evil. When the rain comes at dusk, flowers tend to fall. < /p>
The wind is dry and the tears are still there. I want to write down my thoughts. It’s difficult! It’s difficult! It’s difficult!
People are different, and today is not the same as yesterday. /p>
The sound is cold, the night is dark, I am afraid of being asked, I am hiding it! I am hiding it!
Nostalgia in Shen Garden. :
Forty years have passed since the dream broke, and the old willows in the garden are no longer flying;
This body is walking in the soil of Jishan, and there is still a trace of it.
The green spring waves under the sad bridge are suspected to be the shadow of Jinghong.
Shen Garden is a place where Lu You is nostalgic, and it is also the place where he is sad. He thinks about Shen Garden, but he is afraid of it. Garden. Spring comes again, with the sultry pink willows and the annoying fragrance of birds and flowers. Although the dying Lu You can no longer go to Shen Garden to look for traces of the past, but that encounter with Tang Wan, the beautiful woman's sad eyes, timid demeanor, The helpless steps and the hesitation to speak made Lu You never forget it,
so he wrote the poem "Dreamwalking in Shen Garden":
First one:
The road near the south of the city makes me afraid to walk, and Shen’s home is even more sad;
The plum blossoms on the guest’s sleeves are fragrant, and the spring water is green on the temple bridges
Second:
< p>It is spring again on the small street in the south of the city, only plum blossoms are seen but no one is there;The jade bones have been sinking into the spring for a long time, and the ink marks are still like dust on the walls.
After that, they sank into the garden several times. With the change of ownership, the people and scenery have all changed from the past. It is now "a dusty desert with dust on the wall", and only "a blur of dreams with broken clouds". One day in the spring when Lu You was eighty-five years old, he suddenly felt physically and mentally refreshed. , extremely brisk.
He originally planned to go up the mountain to collect herbs, but because his physical strength did not allow him to do so, he turned back to Shen Garden. At this time, Shen Garden was reorganized and the scenery was restored to its original appearance. Lu You wrote the last love poem of Shen Garden with great affection:
The flowers in Shen's home are like brocades, half of which were the memories of the old man he met in the past;
I also believe that beauty will eventually become ashes, and cannot bear the hurried dream.
(Shortly thereafter, Lu You passed away suddenly.)
It is so embarrassing to cry when you sing for a long time! Love has become a thing of the past, but love remains in my heart forever.
Lu You, a young poet, finished his book in a hurry, and with a single stroke of tenderness, his heart was broken and he burst into tears.
Tang Wan, a talented and tender female poet, gazed lovingly at the sentimental Lu You with a pair of beautiful and sad eyes, and chanted her blood and tears word for word. Feeling emotional when touching the scenery is like a cuckoo crying for blood, which is extremely sad and beautiful.
Isn’t it the talented Lu You who is looking up to the sky and sighing? His face was covered with dust and frost, and his beard and hair were all white. He was already haggard and miserable.
Isn’t that the beautiful and elegant Tang Wan chanting against the wall? Blue embroidered jacket, long skirt dragging to the floor. She also looked sad and had tears streaming down her face.
Feudal ethics, like a cold sword, ruthlessly blocked a pair of childhood sweethearts who were in love with each other